Edna O’Brien
- Born:
- December 15, 1930, Tuamgraney, County Clare, Ireland
- Notable Works:
- “A Fanatic Heart”
- “A Scandalous Woman and Other Stories”
- “August Is a Wicked Month”
- “Byron in Love”
- “Casualties of Peace”
- “Country Girl”
- “Down by the River”
- “Girl”
- “Girls in Their Married Bliss”
- “House of Splendid Isolation”
- “In the Forest”
- “James Joyce”
- “Johnny I Hardly Knew You”
- “Lantern Slides”
- “Night”
- “Saints and Sinners”
- “The Country Girls”
- “The Country Girls Trilogy”
- “The High Road”
- “The Light of Evening”
- “The Little Red Chairs”
- “The Lonely Girl”
- “The Love Object”
Edna O’Brien (born December 15, 1930, Tuamgraney, County Clare, Ireland—died July 27, 2024, London, England) was an Irish novelist, short-story writer, and screenwriter whose work is noted for its portrayal of women, evocative description, and sexual candor. Like the works of her predecessors James Joyce and Frank O’Connor, some of her books were banned in Ireland. Her groundbreaking work had a significant impact on many Irish writers of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, especially female writers. In 2019 she told National Public Radio, “I’ve always written about girls and women, both as victims and as fighters combined, that duality. They’ve been through hell, and somehow, they come through.”
Early life
O’Brien began to produce sketches and tales during childhood. Raised in a small town in western Ireland, she received a strict Irish Catholic convent education and went on to study pharmacy in Dublin, where she received a license in 1950. In 1952 she married the novelist Ernest Gebler, with whom she had two sons. In 1959 the couple moved to London, where O’Brien turned to writing as a full-time occupation. She and Gebler divorced in the mid-1960s.
The Country Girls Trilogy
O’Brien’s popular first novel, The Country Girls (1960), was the first volume of The Country Girls Trilogy. It had as its main characters two Irish girls who leave their strict homes and convent school for the excitement and romantic opportunities of Dublin. O’Brien’s frank treatment of sexuality, particularly women’s sexuality, was considered scandalous, and copies of the book were burned in her Irish hometown. The girls’ subsequent lives are traced in The Lonely Girl (1962) and Girls in Their Married Bliss (1964), by which time both have settled in London and have become disillusioned with marriage and men in general.
Other novels
O’Brien’s novels express her despair over the condition of women in contemporary society and, in particular, attack women’s repressive upbringing. Her heroines search unsuccessfully for fulfillment in relationships with men, typically engaging in doomed love trysts as a remedy for their loneliness and emotional isolation. The bleak tone of O’Brien’s novels is, however, broken by flights of lyrical description and by the heroines’ attainment of brief periods of happiness.
“[Edna] O’Brien blew open the possibilities for Irish fiction, not because of the taboos she broke but because she had broken them as a woman.”—Novelist Anne Enright, 2024
Among her many novels after The Country Girls Trilogy are August Is a Wicked Month (1965), Casualties of Peace (1966), Night (1972), Johnny I Hardly Knew You (1977; U.S. title I Hardly Knew You), The High Road (1988), House of Splendid Isolation (1994), Down by the River (1996), In the Forest (2002), and The Light of Evening (2006). Many of these works examined the social and cultural changes—and the conflicts ignited by these changes—in modern-day Ireland. The wrenching novel Down by the River, for example, was based on a notorious case in which a victimized pregnant teenager was blocked from attempting to seek an abortion in England.
The Little Red Chairs (2015) was widely praised for its acutely observed characterization of an Irish villager who has an ill-fated affair with a war criminal in hiding. In 2019 O’Brien published Girl, which was inspired by the Nigerian schoolgirls who were kidnapped by members of Boko Haram.
Other works
Collections of O’Brien’s short stories include The Love Object (1968), A Scandalous Woman and Other Stories (1974), A Fanatic Heart (1984), Lantern Slides (1990), and Saints and Sinners (2011), the last of which won the Frank O’Connor International Short Story Award.
O’Brien also wrote plays, screenplays for film and television, and nonfiction works about Ireland. In 1999 her short study James Joyce was published to critical acclaim. She chronicled the frenetic passions of Lord Byron in Byron in Love (2009).
Country Girl, O’Brien’s 2012 memoir, traces her passage from the repressive confinement of the rural Irish town where she was raised to the rarefied existence afforded by her success as a novelist.
Honors
Among her many honors were the Irish PEN Award for lifetime achievement in 2001 and the Ulysses Medal by University College Dublin in 2006. In 2018 O’Brien received the PEN/Nabokov Award, which recognizes achievement in international literature, and she was made a Dame of the British Empire. In 2021 she was named a commander of the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, France’s highest cultural honor.