Sir Edward Poynings
- Born:
- 1459, Southwark?, near London, Eng.
- Died:
- October 1521, Westenhanger, Kent
Sir Edward Poynings (born 1459, Southwark?, near London, Eng.—died October 1521, Westenhanger, Kent) was the lord deputy of Ireland from September 1494 to December 1495, mainly remembered for the laws—“Poynings’ Laws”—that subjected the Irish Parliament to the control of the English king and council.
A grandson of William Paston, he was a rebel (1483) against Richard III and attached himself to Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, who employed him after his accession as Henry VII in military offices at Calais and elsewhere. Yorkist pretenders against Henry VII having secured support in Ireland, Henry decided to experiment with a regime of military and financial experts who would attack the Yorkists in the field, take statutory steps to prevent the king’s government in Dublin being utilized against him, and endeavour to revive the royal revenue that had virtually disappeared. In 1494 Poynings was put in charge of this program.
From the military standpoint, Poynings’ efforts were only partly successful, and his revenue measures were so unsuccessful that he was recalled to England. Poynings’ legislative measures, however, earned him a lasting, if unsought, fame. Of these, two measures were notably associated with his name. The first applied all recent English public laws to Ireland; the second and more famous one subjected the meetings and legislative drafts of the Irish Parliament to the control of the English king and of his English council (but not of the English Parliament). Thereafter until 1782 Parliament could not legally meet in Ireland until licensed to do so by the English lord chancellor and until the causes for the meeting and the bills to be put before it had first been approved by the king and his English council. Moreover, because draft legislation had to be approved by the king in council before being put before the Irish Parliament, amendments to government measures could not be introduced in Ireland.
Poynings was subsequently appointed warden of the Cinque Ports. Under Henry VIII he helped to negotiate the Holy League in 1513.