Mmusi Maimane

Mmusi Maimane (born June 6, 1980, Krugersdorp, South Africa) is a South African businessman and politician who has been active in opposition parties in the country. Since 2022, he has been the head of the Build One South Africa (BOSA) party, which he helped establish. Since 2024, he has served in the National Assembly as one of BOSA’s MPs. He previously served in that body as an MP for the Democratic Alliance (2014–19).

Early life, education, career, and family

Maimane was raised in Dobsonville, Soweto, Transvaal province (now in Gauteng province). He is the eldest of four children born to Simon and Ethel Maimane, who are of the Tswana and Xhosa peoples, respectively. Young Maimane attended St. Angela’s Primary School and then Allen Glen High School. He went on to earn a bachelor’s degree in psychology from the University of South Africa (UNISA), a master’s degree in theology from Bangor University in Wales, and a master’s degree in public administration from the University of the Witwatersrand. Before he became involved in politics, Maimane worked as a business consultant and also worked for nonprofit organizations, including Scripture Union.

Maimane was raised in the Roman Catholic faith but converted to Evangelical Christianity when he was a teen. As an adult, he has been very active in the church, preaching and serving as a pastor and an elder. He met his future wife, Natalie, at church; they were married in 2005. They have three children together.

Entry into politics

Maimane’s family had long supported the African National Congress (ANC), and he initially shared that allegiance, but he eventually became disillusioned with the party. In a 2013 speech, he explained that he still believed the ANC deserved praise for leading the liberation struggle during the apartheid era and for working to change some of the worst conditions in the country caused by apartheid. However, he was critical of the party’s actions in recent years and felt that the ANC no longer deserved his vote.

In 2010 Maimane had joined the Democratic Alliance (DA), a liberal and traditionally white party. The following year, he stood as the DA’s candidate for mayor of Johannesburg. Although the party did not win enough votes to claim the mayoral post, Maimane served on the city council, where he was the official opposition leader, and his profile continued to rise within the party. Later that year, he was named the DA’s national spokesperson. At the the party’s federal congress in 2012, he was elected as a deputy federal chairperson of the party. Maimane was the DA’s candidate for premier of Gauteng province in the 2014 elections, but the ANC received more votes than the DA and won the premiership. Maimane, whose name was on the party’s initial candidate lists for both the provincial and national legislatures, chose to serve as an MP in the country’s National Assembly. In May 2014 he was sworn in, and later that month he was selected to be the party’s parliamentary leader.

Leader of the Democratic Alliance

At the DA’s federal congress in May 2015, Maimane was elected to head the party, thereby becoming the party’s first Black leader. Under Maimane, the DA continued efforts to broaden its traditional base of white, liberal voters, though tensions over race were evident in the party and soon put his leadership to the test. In September, DA MP Dianne Kohler-Barnard shared a social media post stating that life had been better in the racially discriminatory apartheid era under Pres. P.W. Botha. This drew the ire of Maimane and other DA officials as well as the ANC and other South Africans. Although she deleted the post and apologized, she was expelled from the party in October. (She successfully appealed her expulsion and was reinstated in December 2015.) On the heels of that incident, in January 2016 a DA member posted a racist message on social media, also offending many and generating controversy. In response to the ensuing uproar, Maimane proclaimed that racism would not be tolerated in the party, and he unveiled an antiracism pledge, to which all members of the DA would be expected to adhere or face expulsion from the party.

In March 2017 Maimane was compelled to respond to controversial remarks about colonialism made by Helen Zille, the former DA leader and the premier of Western Cape province. He said that her comments were inconsistent with what the party stood for and referred her to the party’s legal commission for an investigation and potential disciplinary action. (Though she was scheduled to face a disciplinary hearing in late June, the DA and Zille reached a settlement before the hearing could be held.) The incident strained the relationship between Maimane and Zille, who was one of the most influential members of the DA.

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Meanwhile, Maimane’s standing was bolstered when the DA made important gains in the local government elections in August 2016, unseating the ANC-led government in three major municipalities. He was reelected party leader at the DA’s federal congress in April 2018. The May 2019 elections did not go as well for the DA, which saw a slight decline in its performance—the first decline since the party’s formation—and Maimane commissioned a report to investigate the matter. The report, which was released in October, found that the most important problem was a failure of effective party leadership: Maimane, “while immensely talented, committed to the cause, hardworking and widely liked, can be indecisive, inconsistent and conflict averse,” and these latter qualities contributed to the party’s problems. Finally, the report recommended that Maimane and two other officials step down. In response, Maimane said it had become clear to him that there were people in the party who did not agree with him or share his vision for the DA. On October 23, 2019, he resigned as party leader. The next day, he stepped down from his National Assembly seat and left the party.

One South Africa Movement, electoral reform, and SiSibenza

In 2020 Maimane and businessman Michael Louis formed the One South Africa Movement civic organization, which advocated for electoral reform, including the goal of allowing the South African people to directly elect the candidate of their choice at the provincial and national level rather than voting for a party, as has been done in the country’s proportional representation structure. The organization also encouraged political engagement and aimed to help independent candidates compete with those of established mainstream parties. Pursuant to the organization’s goals, Maimane and the group joined others in advocating for change. They worked with Mosiuoa Lekota, leader of the COPE political party, who introduced an electoral amendment bill in 2020 to address the shortcomings they had identified in the current process. The bill was killed in February 2022, in part because the changes it suggested could not be implemented before provincial and national elections scheduled for 2024.

Maimane joined SiSibenza, an investment house focused on social and economic development in Africa, in January 2022. He stressed that this move did not mean he was leaving the world of politics; rather, he was expanding his knowledge of and experience with development to bolster his governance skills.

Build One South Africa

Building on his work with One South Africa, in September 2022 Maimane and others formed a new political party, Build One South Africa (BOSA). Presented as an alternative to mainstream political parties, it aimed to “unearth, train and equip future political leaders” who would stand in the 2024 elections. The party’s platform also focused on such issues as implementing inclusive economic policies; curbing crime; cracking down on corruption; ensuring equitable access to health care; improving access to, and the quality of, education; and securing reliable and sustainable electricity. Maimane was very vocal regarding the last issue and frequently criticized ESKOM, the country’s troubled electric power utility, for its frequent use of load-shedding (employing rolling blackouts to maintain operation of the overloaded power grid, which routinely deprived businesses and households of electricity) and for corruption at the utility.

Like One South Africa, BOSA advocated for electoral change: BOSA advocated for the adoption of direct elections and for persons not affiliated with political parties to be able to stand in elections at the national and provincial level. The latter goal was partially realized in an electoral amendment bill that Pres. Cyril Ramaphosa signed into law in April 2023, though Maimane and others found fault with many details of the legislation.

National and provincial elections were held on May 29, 2024. In the national election, BOSA won less than one percent of the vote, but it was enough for the young party to win a handful of seats in the National Assembly. With Maimane holding the first spot on the party’s candidate list, he received one of the party’s seats and was sworn in as an MP in the National Assembly on June 14, 2024.