Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville

Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville (baptized July 20, 1661, Ville-Marie [now Montreal, Can.]—died July 9, 1706, Havana, Cuba) was a French-Canadian naval hero and explorer, noted for his exploration and battles on behalf of the French in Hudson Bay and in the territory of Louisiana.

The son of prominent Montreal fur trader Charles Le Moyne, Iberville spent his young manhood in raids against English trading posts on Hudson Bay. In 1686 he joined the expedition of Pierre de Troyes to the James Bay region, capturing three forts over which he was made commander. Over the next decade Iberville distinguished himself in numerous actions against the English, notably at Corlaer (now Schenectady, N.Y.; 1690); Pemaquid, Maine (1696); and St. John’s, Newfoundland (1696). His most brilliant foray was the Hudson Bay campaign of 1697; this success made him, at age 36, New France’s most celebrated hero.

After the Treaty of Rijswijk (1697) temporarily settled the dispute between the English and the French over Hudson Bay, Iberville was commissioned to fortify the mouth of the Mississippi in order to secure the claim made on Louisiana by René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle. In January 1699 Iberville explored the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, rediscovering the mouth of the Mississippi. Later he established a temporary fort, Fort Maurepas, on Biloxi Bay (now Ocean Springs, Miss.) and then sailed for France. The following year he returned and established a second fort, Fort La Boulaye, just below present-day New Orleans and in 1702 constructed a new post, Fort St. Louis, on the Mobile River. The success of these defense projects persuaded Louis XIV to begin colonizing Louisiana.

In subsequent years the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) turned Iberville’s attention toward the English, hampering his plans to develop Louisiana. In early 1706, commanding a French fleet in the West Indies, he sacked the islands of Nevis and St. Christopher, forcing the English to surrender 24 ships and capturing 6,000 slaves and 1,700 settlers. On the eve of a major expedition against the English in Carolina, Iberville died suddenly, probably of yellow fever.