PEOPLE KNOWN FOR: logic
Greek philosopher
Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures of Classical antiquity and Western history. He was the author of a philosophical and scientific system...
British philosopher and economist
John Stuart Mill was an English philosopher, economist, and exponent of utilitarianism. He was prominent as a publicist in the reforming age of the 19th century, and remains of lasting interest as a logician...
British logician and philosopher
Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher, logician, and social reformer, a founding figure in the analytic movement in Anglo-American philosophy, and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950....
British philosopher
Ludwig Wittgenstein was an Austrian-born British philosopher, regarded by many as the greatest philosopher of the 20th century. Wittgenstein’s two major works, Logisch-philosophische Abhandlung (1921;...
British mathematician and philosopher
Alfred North Whitehead was an English mathematician and philosopher who collaborated with Bertrand Russell on Principia Mathematica (1910–13) and, from the mid-1920s, taught at Harvard University and developed...
German philosopher and mathematician
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German philosopher, mathematician, and political adviser, important both as a metaphysician and as a logician and distinguished also for his independent invention of the...
German-American philosopher
Rudolf Carnap was a German-born American philosopher of logical positivism. He made important contributions to logic, the analysis of language, the theory of probability, and the philosophy of science....
American philosopher and scientist
Charles Sanders Peirce was an American scientist, logician, and philosopher who is noted for his work on the logic of relations and on pragmatism as a method of research. Peirce was one of four sons of...
German mathematician and philosopher
Gottlob Frege was a German mathematician and logician, who founded modern mathematical logic. Working on the borderline between philosophy and mathematics—viz., in the philosophy of mathematics and mathematical...
British mathematician and logician
Alan Turing was a British mathematician and logician who made major contributions to mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, philosophy, and mathematical biology and also to the new areas later named computer...
French theologian and poet
Peter Abelard was a French theologian and philosopher best known for his solution of the problem of universals and for his original use of dialectics. He is also known for his poetry and for his celebrated...
English philosopher
William of Ockham was a Franciscan philosopher, theologian, and political writer, a late scholastic thinker regarded as the founder of a form of nominalism—the school of thought that denies that universal...
Polish logician and mathematician
Stanisław Leśniewski was a Polish logician and mathematician who was a co-founder and leading representative of the Warsaw school of logic. Leśniewski was the son of one of the civil engineers chiefly...
Roman scholar, philosopher, and statesman
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius was a Roman scholar, Christian philosopher, and statesman, author of the celebrated De consolatione philosophiae (Consolation of Philosophy), a largely Neoplatonic work...
American logician and philosopher
Saul Kripke was an American logician and philosopher who from the 1960s was one of the most powerful and influential thinkers in contemporary analytic (Anglophone) philosophy. Kripke began his important...
British mathematician
George Boole was an English mathematician who helped establish modern symbolic logic and whose algebra of logic, now called Boolean algebra, is basic to the design of digital computer circuits. Boole was...
American philosopher
Willard Van Orman Quine was an American logician and philosopher, widely considered one of the dominant figures in Anglo-American philosophy in the last half of the 20th century. After studying mathematics...
English logician and philosopher
John Venn was an English logician and philosopher best known as the inventor of diagrams—known as Venn diagrams—for representing categorical propositions and testing the validity of categorical syllogisms....
French philosopher
Étienne Bonnot de Condillac was a philosopher, psychologist, logician, economist, and the leading advocate in France of the ideas of John Locke (1632–1704). Ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1740, Condillac...
English mathematician and logician
Augustus De Morgan was an English mathematician and logician whose major contributions to the study of logic include the formulation of De Morgan’s laws and work leading to the development of the theory...
Flemish philosopher
Arnold Geulincx was a Flemish metaphysician, logician, and leading exponent of a philosophical doctrine known as occasionalism based on the work of René Descartes, as extended to include a comprehensive...
Italian mathematician
Giuseppe Peano was an Italian mathematician and a founder of symbolic logic whose interests centred on the foundations of mathematics and on the development of a formal logical language. Peano became a...
American mathematician, logician, and computer scientist
Dana Scott is an American mathematician, logician, and computer scientist who was co-winner of the 1976 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science. Scott and the Israeli American mathematician...
American philosopher and logician
C.I. Lewis was an American logician, epistemologist, and moral philosopher. Educated at Harvard University, Lewis taught there from 1920 until his retirement in 1953, serving as a full professor of philosophy...
Chinese philosopher
Hui Shi was a Chinese philosopher, an outstanding representative of the early Chinese school of thought known as the dialecticians. As a result of their preoccupation with paradox and linguistic puzzles,...
Scottish philosopher and educator
Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet was a Scottish metaphysical philosopher and influential educator, also remembered for his contributions in the field of logic. Hamilton took his B.A. from Balliol College,...
German philosopher
Albert Of Saxony was a German scholastic philosopher especially noted for his investigations into physics. He studied at Prague and then at the University of Paris, where he was a master of arts from 1351...
French philosopher
Petrus Ramus was a French philosopher, logician, and rhetorician. Educated at Cuts and later at the Collège de Navarre, in Paris, Ramus became master of arts in 1536. He taught a reformed version of Aristotelian...
French philosopher
William of Champeaux was a French bishop, logician, theologian, and philosopher who was prominent in the Scholastic controversy on the nature of universals (i.e., words that can be applied to more than...
Augustinian theologian
Giles of Rome was a Scholastic theologian, philosopher, logician, archbishop, and general and intellectual leader of the Order of the Hermit Friars of St. Augustine. Giles joined the Augustinian Hermits...
British philosopher and economist
John Neville Keynes was a British philosopher and economist who synthesized two poles of economic thought by incorporating inductive and deductive reasoning into his methodology. Keynes was educated at...
English author and archbishop
Richard Whately was an Anglican archbishop of Dublin, educator, logician, and social reformer. The son of a clergyman, Whately was educated at Oriel College, Oxford, and took holy orders. While at Oxford,...
American scientist
Christine Ladd-Franklin was an American scientist and logician known for contributions to the theory of colour vision. She earned an A.B. at Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., in 1869 and then studied...
French philosopher and logician
Louis Couturat was a French philosopher and logician who sought a universal language and symbolic-logic system to study the history of philosophy and the philosophy of mathematics. Educated at the École...
American mathematician
Stephen Cole Kleene was an American mathematician and logician whose work on recursion theory helped lay the foundations of theoretical computer science. Kleene was educated at Amherst College (A.B., 1930)...
Buddhist logician
Dignāga was a Buddhist logician and author of the Pramāṇasamuccaya (“Compendium of the Means of True Knowledge”), a work that laid the foundations of Buddhist logic. Dignāga gave a new definition of “perception”:...
Polish philosopher
Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz was a Polish logician and semanticist who was the chief contributor to the Warsaw school of philosophy and logic, which analyzed the relationship of language and knowledge. He is...
American philosopher
Hans Reichenbach was a philosopher and educator who was a leading representative of the Vienna Circle and founder of the Berlin school of logical positivism, a movement that viewed logical statements as...
Indian philosopher
Raghunatha Shiromani was a philosopher and logician who brought the New Nyaya school, representing the final development of Indian formal logic, to its zenith of analytic power. Raghunatha’s analysis of...
British philosopher
Bernard Bosanquet was a philosopher who helped revive in England the idealism of G.W.F. Hegel and sought to apply its principles to social and political problems. Made a fellow of University College, Oxford,...
French philosopher and scientist
Jean Buridan was an Aristotelian philosopher, logician, and scientific theorist in optics and mechanics. After studies in philosophy at the University of Paris under the nominalist thinker William of Ockham,...
Russian scholar
Fyodor Ippolitovich Shcherbatskoy was a Western authority on Buddhist philosophy, whose most important work was the influential Buddhist Logic, 2 vol. (1930–32). Educated in comparative linguistics, Sanskrit...
pope
John XXI was the pope from 1276 to 1277, and he was one of the most scholarly pontiffs in papal history. Educated at the University of Paris (c.. 1228–35), where he received his master’s degree c. 1240,...
American philosopher
Ernest Nagel was an American philosopher noted for his work on the implications of science. Nagel came to the United States in 1911 and received American citizenship in 1919. He taught philosophy at Columbia...
Italian philosopher
Paul Of Venice was an Italian Augustinian philosopher and theologian who gained recognition as an educator and author of works on logic. Paul studied at the universities of Oxford and Padua, where he also...
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