Anatolia

Table of Contents

Introduction & Top Questions
Ancient Anatolia
- Prehistoric cultures of Anatolia
  - The Neolithic Period
  - The Chalcolithic Period
  - Early Bronze Age
  - Middle Bronze Age
- The rise and fall of the Hittites
  - The Hittite occupation of Anatolia
  - The Old Hittite Kingdom
  - The Middle Kingdom
  - The Hittite empire to c. 1180 bce
- Anatolia from the end of the Hittite Empire to the Achaemenian Period
  - Phrygia from c. 1180 to 700 bce
  - The neo-Hittite states from c. 1180 to 700 bce
  - The Cimmerians, Lydia, and Cilicia, c. 700–547 bce
  - Greek colonies on the Anatolian coasts, c. 1180–547 bce
- Anatolia in the Achaemenian and Hellenistic periods
  - Diversity of cultural influences
  - The Anatolian Greeks in the Achaemenian period
  - Caria, Lycia, and Cilicia in the Achaemenian period
  - Anatolia in the Hellenistic Age (334–c. 30 bce)
Roman, Byzantine, and Seljuq rule
- Anatolia in the later Roman and Byzantine periods
  - Administration and settlement patterns
  - War and social dislocation
  - Late Byzantine rule
- The Seljuqs of Anatolia
  - Origins and ascendancy
  - Seljuq expansion
  - Division and decline

References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics

Images

cave dwellings in Cappadocia

Cappadocia, Turkey

archaeological sites of Anatolia and northern Syria

Hattusas: Lion Gate

Hattusas: Yerkapi rampart

Anatolia and northern Syria

Alexander the Great: Battle of Issus

Rūm Seljuq sultanate

This map shows the territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire from 1300 to its greatest extent in 1683-99, highlighting different periods under rulers such as Mehmed II, Selim I, and Süleyman the Magnificent, and marking key cities, seas, and geographical boundaries in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

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Anatolia summary

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Anatolia: Facts & Related Content

Written and fact-checked by The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Facts

Also Known As	Asia Minor • Anadolu

Photos

cave dwellings in Cappadocia

Cappadocia, Turkey

archaeological sites of Anatolia and northern Syria

Hattusas: Lion Gate

Hattusas: Yerkapi rampart

Anatolia and northern Syria

Alexander the Great: Battle of Issus

Rūm Seljuq sultanate

This map shows the territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire from 1300 to its greatest extent in 1683-99, highlighting different periods under rulers such as Mehmed II, Selim I, and Süleyman the Magnificent, and marking key cities, seas, and geographical boundaries in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

See All Images →

Topics

Cabeiri Phoenicia Cappadocia Lydia ancient Middle East Phrygia Ionia Galatia Cilicia Little Armenia ʿAmūq

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Turkey: Introduction

Major Events

Russo-Turkish wars

Kayaköy, Turkey: church

Greco-Turkish wars

Battle of Chāldirān monument

Battle of Chāldirān

Jelālī Revolts

Syrian Wars

councils of Ephesus

Treaty of Sèvres

War of the Brothers

Turkey

Hagia Sophia: mosaic

Byzantine Empire

historical empire, Eurasia

Was the city of Troy real or a myth?

Troy

ancient city, Turkey

Ephesus, Turkey: Temple of Artemis

Ephesus

ancient city, Turkey

Cappadocia, Göreme National Park, Turkey: caves

Cappadocia

ancient district, Turkey

Lydia

Lydia

ancient region, Anatolia

Çatalhüyük

Çatalhüyük

archaeological site, Turkey

Pergamum

Pergamum

ancient city, Turkey

Phrygia

ancient district, Turkey

Ionia, ancient Anatolia

Ionia

ancient region, Turkey

Galatia

ancient district, Turkey

Cilicia

Cilicia

ancient district, Anatolia

Miletus: Greco-Roman theatre

Miletus

ancient city, Turkey

Lycia

ancient district, Turkey

Bithynia

ancient district, Anatolia

Key People

Caravaggio: The Conversion of St. Paul (second version)

St. Paul the Apostle

Christian Apostle

Pompey

Pompey the Great

Roman statesman

Ibn Baṭṭūṭah

Ibn Battuta

Muslim explorer and writer

Galen of Pergamum

Galen

Greek physician

St. Irenaeus

bishop of Lyon

Apollonius of Perga

Greek mathematician

Ramon Llull.

Ramon Llull

Catalan mystic

Anaxagoras

Anaxagoras

Greek philosopher

Justinian II

Justinian II

Byzantine emperor

Meïr

Jewish rabbi and scholar

Taceddin Ahmedi

Turkish author

Aydın Dynasty

Turkmen dynasty

Theodotus The Gnostic

Gnostic philosopher

Candar Dynasty

Turkish dynasty

Eretna dynasty

dynasty, Anatolia

Saruhan Dynasty

Turkmen dynasty

Ramazan Dynasty

Turkmen dynasty

Eşref Dynasty

Turkmen dynasty

Peregrinus Proteus

Greek philosopher

Tribonian

Byzantine legal scholar

Quiz

Temple of Artemis at Jerash, Jordan. (Jarash, Jordan)

Ancient Anatolia