Ask the Chatbot Games & Quizzes History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture ProCon Money Videos
Turkey
Table of Contents
References & Edit History Facts & Stats
Images, Videos & Interactives
Turkey Turkey Bodrum, Turkey: Castle of St. Peter Turkey
Exploring Turkey's rich history and cultural heritage
Bosporus River The Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent Physical features of Turkey Mount Ararat
For Students
Turkey summary
Quizzes
Flags of all countries of the world. Flags of the world. National flags. Country flags. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
The Country Quiz
7:023 Geography: Think of Something Big, globe showing Africa, Europe, and Eurasia
Which Country Is Larger By Area? Quiz
Flags of the world against blue sky. Countries, International. Globalization, global relations, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Poland, Palestine, Japan. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society
Which Country Is Larger By Population? Quiz
Flags of all nations of the world. Grouping of various country flags on a world map.
Which Country Is Larger? Quiz
Opened passport with visas, stamps, seals, world map. (travel, tourism)
Guess the Country by Its Neighbors Quiz
Related Questions
Read Next
Anatolian Alevi Muslims perform Semah at a Djemevi (cem house or cemevi) to celebrate Newroz -the arrival of spring - the "Rite of Unity". They pray together in this special mass officiated by religious Alevi leader "Dede", performed dhikr and performed Semah - a religious dance, in Ismir, Turkey, March 26, 2022
Who Are the Alevis in Turkey?
Discover
Communism - mosaic hammer and sickle with star on the Pavilion of Ukraine at the All Russia Exhibition Centre (also known as VDNKh) in Moscow. Communist symbol of the former Soviet Union. USSR
Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse?
cloning. First cloned cat. First cloned companion animal. CC (copy cat) female domestic shorthair cat (b. Dec. 22, 2001) photo Jan. 18, 2002. Cloned at Texas A&M Univ. College of Vet. Med. & Biomedical Sciences. Reproductive cloning genetics DNA cc cat
CC, The First Cloned Cat
coffee beans, ground coffee, cup of coffee
Know Your Joe: 5 Things You Didn’t Know About Coffee
David Cameron. President Barack Obama and Prime Minister David Cameron of the United Kingdom talk during the G8 Summit at the Lough Erne Resort in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland, June 17, 2013
What’s the Difference Between a President and a Prime Minister?
Remarkable new details of Pluto's largest moon Charon are revealed in this image from New Horizons' Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI), taken late on July 13, 2015 from a distance of 289,000 miles
Why Is Pluto No Longer a Planet?
Statue of Nostradamus
Nostradamus and His Prophecies
Alexandria, Egypt - September 12, 2014 - Wedding Bridesmaids Competition, reward for Best Bridesmaids for participation in competitions. Prize for victory
Who Votes for the Academy Awards?

Turkey: Facts & Stats

verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
Share
Share to social media
URL
https://www.britannica.com/facts/Turkey
Written and fact-checked by
The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

The Information Architects maintain a master list of the topics included in the corpus of  Encyclopædia Britannica, and create and manage the relationships between them.
The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

News •

LA Kings apologize for selling scarves made in Turkey on Armenian Night • Mar. 3, 2025, 4:34 PM ET (AP)
Kurdish PKK militants declare a ceasefire in 40-year insurgency in Turkey • Mar. 1, 2025, 1:01 PM ET (AP)
Turkey's Kurds wary of path to peace after PKK declares ceasefire • Mar. 1, 2025, 12:47 PM ET (AP)
Jose Mourinho banned for four matches and fined after Turkish referees comment • Feb. 28, 2025, 5:44 AM ET (AP)
Russian and US diplomats meet in Istanbul for second round of talks • Feb. 27, 2025, 9:45 PM ET (AP)

Facts

Also Known As Republic of Turkey • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
Head Of State And Government1 President: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Capital Ankara
Population (2024 est.) 86,797,000
Currency Exchange Rate 1 USD equals 32.392 Turkish lira
Form Of Government multiparty republic with one legislative house (Grand National Assembly of Turkey [6001])
Official Language Turkish
Official Religion none
Official Name Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (Republic of Turkey)
Total Area (Sq Km) 769,604
Total Area (Sq Mi) 297,144
Monetary Unit Turkish lira (TL)
Population Rank (2025) 17
Population Projection 2030 89,080,000
Density: Persons Per Sq Mi (2024) 310.9
Density: Persons Per Sq Km (2024) 112.8
Urban-Rural Population Urban: (2024) 77.9% • Rural: (2024) 22.1%
Life Expectancy At Birth Male: (2020–2022) 74.8 years • Female: (2020–2022) 80.3 years
Literacy: Percentage Of Population Age 15 And Over Literate Male: (2019) 99% • Female: (2019) 94%
Gni (U.S.$ ’000,000) (2023) 994,012
Gni Per Capita (U.S.$) (2023) 11,650
1Amendments to the constitution passed in April 2017 and implemented in July 2018 expanded the Grand National Assembly from 550 to 600 seats, eliminated the post of prime minister, and expanded the role of the president.

Photos and Videos

Turkey
Turkey
Bodrum, Turkey: Castle of St. Peter
Turkey
Bosporus River
The Ottoman Empire at its greatest extent
Physical features of Turkey
Mount Ararat
Black Sea
Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
Exploring Turkey's rich history and cultural heritage
Experience the hustle-bustle of Istanbul
Experience Istanbul with its bustling bazaar, exquisite architecture, great mosques, and the hammam, or Turkish bath
National anthem of Turkey
See All Videos, Images, Audio and Interactives →

Related Topics and References

Topics
Dig Deeper: More Articles That Discuss This Topic
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
Turkish politician
Kemal Atatürk
Kemal Atatürk
president of Turkey
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
president of Turkey
Bülent Ecevit
prime minister of Turkey
Necmettin Erbakan
Necmettin Erbakan
prime minister of Turkey
Cem Uzan
Turkish businessman and politician
Abdullah Gül
Abdullah Gül
president of Turkey
Karadjordje
Serbian political leader
Jeff Flake
Jeff Flake
United States senator
Celâl Bayar
president of Turkey
Adnan Menderes
prime minister of Turkey
Ziya Gökalp
Turkish author
İsmet İnönü
president of Turkey
Mary Mills Patrick.
Mary Mills Patrick
American missionary and educator
Tansu Çiller
Tansu Çiller
Turkish prime minister and economist
Adıvar, Halide Edib
Halide Edib Adıvar
Turkish author
Süleyman Demirel
president of Turkey
Turgut Özal
president of Turkey
Şükrü Saracoğlu
prime minister of Turkey
Fevzi Çakmak
Turkish statesman

Related Places

Istanbul
Istanbul
Turkey
Hattusas: Lion Gate
Boğazköy
Turkey
tomb of Rūmī
Konya
Turkey
İzmir, Turkey: clock tower
İzmir
Turkey
Trabzon: Aya Sofya
Trabzon
Turkey
Ankara, Turkey
Ankara
national capital, Turkey
Kayseri, Turkey: courtyard of the Sultanhanı caravansary
Kayseri
Turkey
Sivas
Sivas
Turkey
Ruins of the citadel at Sinop, Tur.
Sinop
Turkey
mosque with minaret near Edirne
Edirne
Turkey
Samsun
Samsun
Turkey
Bursa: Yeşil Mausoleum
Bursa
Turkey
Van, Turkey
Van
Turkey
Diyarbakır, Turkey
Diyarbakır
Turkey
Middle East
Middle East
region, Asia, Africa, and Europe

Related Quizzes and Features

Quiz
Flags of the world against blue sky. Countries, International. Globalization, global relations, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Poland, Palestine, Japan. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society
Which Country Is Larger By Population? Quiz
Actual continental drift of plates. Thematic map.
Geography Fun Facts
Brown globe on antique map. Brown world on vintage map. North America. Green globe. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz
The President of the Republic Giorgio Napolitano at the Quirinale Palace (cropped out), shakes hands with the President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, Rome, Oct. 17, 2009. egypt protests 2011, protests in egypt 2011
Before They Were World Leaders: Middle East Edition
Flags of the world. National flags. Country flags. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Countries of the World
7:023 Geography: Think of Something Big, globe showing Africa, Europe, and Eurasia
Which Country Is Larger By Area? Quiz
Brown globe on antique map. Brown world on vintage map. North America. Green globe. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
Countries & Their Features
Opened passport with visas, stamps, seals, world map. (travel, tourism)
Guess the Country by Its Neighbors Quiz
Flags of all countries of the world. Flags of the world. National flags. Country flags. Hompepage blog 2009, history and society, geography and travel, explore discovery
The Country Quiz
10:087 Ocean: The World of Water, two globes showing eastern and western hemispheres
You Name It!
Tomb of Mohammed Bin Ali, Salalah, Oman.
A View of the Middle East
Flags of all nations of the world. Grouping of various country flags on a world map.
Which Country Is Larger? Quiz
Demystified
Anatolian Alevi Muslims perform Semah at a Djemevi (cem house or cemevi) to celebrate Newroz -the arrival of spring - the "Rite of Unity". They pray together in this special mass officiated by religious Alevi leader "Dede", performed dhikr and performed Semah - a religious dance, in Ismir, Turkey, March 26, 2022
Who Are the Alevis in Turkey?