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climate change: Facts & Related Content
News •
UN's top court says failing to protect planet from climate change could violate international law
• July 23, 2025, 10:54 PM ET (AP)
For hope on climate change, follow the money, UN chief tells AP
• July 23, 2025, 1:46 PM ET (AP)
The tiny Pacific nation of Vanuatu turns to the world court as climate disasters mount
• July 22, 2025, 8:33 AM ET (AP)
How climate change could force FIFA to rethink the World Cup calendar
• July 16, 2025, 5:39 PM ET (AP)
The US faces more frequent extreme weather events, but attitudes and actions aren't keeping up
• July 9, 2025, 4:35 PM ET (AP)
Facts
Also Known As | climatic fluctuation • climate variation • climatic variation • climatic change |
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Photos and Videos
Related Topics and References
Topics
global warmingglobal coolingdecadal climate variationinterannual climate variationanthropogenic climate changetheory of astronomical cyclesoxygen isotope ratiopluvial regimeMilankovich effectThe Perils of an Early Springclimateweatherseismic waveradiative forcinggeochemical cyclegeostrophic motionconstructionEquatorInternetWhat Is Earth’s Velocity?
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Key People

Al Gore
vice president of United States

Milutin Milankovitch
Serbian mathematician and geophysicist

Greta Thunberg
Swedish activist

William Nordhaus
American economist

Eduard Brückner
Austrian geographer and climatologist
Causes and Effects
Causes
- Fossil-fuel combustion, deforestation, rice cultivation, livestock ranching, industrial production, and other human activities have increased since the development of agriculture and especially since the start of the Industrial Revolution.
- Greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour, absorb infrared radiation emitted from Earth's surface and reradiate it back, thus contributing to the greenhouse effect.
- Ice sheets, sea ice, terrestrial vegetation, ocean temperatures, weathering rates, ocean circulation, and GHG concentrations are influenced either directly or indirectly by the atmosphere; however, they also all feed back into the atmosphere and influence it in important ways.
- Periodic changes in Earth's orbit and axial tilt with respect to the Sun (which occur over tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years) affect how solar radiation is distributed on Earth's surface.
- Tectonic movements, which change the shape, size, position, and elevation of the continental masses and the bathymetry of the oceans, have had strong effects on the circulation of both the atmosphere and the oceans.
- The brightness of the Sun continues to increase as the star ages and it passes on an increasing amount of this energy to Earth's atmosphere over time.
Effects
- The complex feedbacks between climate components can produce "tipping points" in the climate system, where small, gradual changes in one component of the system can lead to abrupt climate changes.
- The history of life has been strongly influenced by changes in climate, some of which radically altered the course of evolution.
- The most familiar and predictable phenomena are the seasonal cycles, to which people adjust their clothing, outdoor activities, thermostats, and agricultural practices.
- Human societies have changed adaptively in response to climate variations, although evidence abounds that certain societies and civilizations have collapsed in the face of rapid and severe climatic changes.