Lake Albert

Lake Albert, northernmost of the lakes in the Western Rift Valley, in east-central Africa, on the border between Congo (Kinshasa) and Uganda. In 1864 the lake was first visited by a European, Samuel Baker, who was seeking the sources of the Nile; he named it for Queen Victoria’s consort and published his experiences in The Albert N’yanza (1866). Romolo Gessi, an Italian soldier and explorer, circumnavigated it in 1876. Both Henry Morton Stanley and Mehmed Emin Paşa (Eduard Schnitzer) established forts on its shores.

With an area of about 2,160 square miles (5,600 square km), a length of 100 miles (160 km), and an average width of 22 miles (35 km), Albert is a shallow body of water, averaging about 80 feet (25 metres) in depth; its maximum depth is 190 feet (60 metres).

In the southwest, the Semliki River brings into the lake the waters of Lake Edward, of the Congo Escarpment, and of the rain-soaked Ruwenzori Range, building a large alluvial plain in the process. There is a considerable expanse of lowland at the northern end, where the Victoria Nile enters as a sluggish stream in a swampy delta. Almost immediately the lake narrows into the Albert Nile, through which it supplies water to the White Nile. In the west and east, the lake is bordered by forested cliffs and ravines.

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Africa’s Physical Features

Lake Albert lies at an elevation of 2,021 feet (616 metres) in the lowest and hottest part of Uganda. The mean annual temperature is 78 °F (26 °C), and rainfall averages 34–40 inches (864–1,016 mm). Because of the high rate of evaporation, the waters are somewhat saline, and free phosphate is also present. Game—including elephant, buffalo, hippopotamus, crocodile, and antelope—is abundant, especially in the Semliki Plains and the northern shores near Murchison Falls (Kabarega Falls). Fishing sustains a scanty population, located in lakeshore villages.