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North American mainstream culture prevails in South Dakota, yet traditional customs are preserved in many religious enclaves and Native American reservations. Augustana College hosts Nordland Fest, a three-day celebration of Norwegian culture, Czech Days in Tabor honours that heritage, and numerous Indian powwows are held throughout the year.
The arts
The South Dakota Symphony Orchestra is based at the Washington Pavilion of Arts and Science in Sioux Falls; local orchestras perform throughout the state. South Dakota’s literary tradition includes local colourist Hamlin Garland, whose family moved west from Wisconsin; Norwegian-born O.E. Rölvaag, who spent his early life near Sioux Falls, which was the setting for his Giants in the Earth (1927); and Charles Eastman (1858–1939) and Elaine Goodale Eastman (1863–1953), who published several works on the 19th-century Sioux. Laura Ingalls Wilder set five of her Little House novels in and around the town of De Smet, and she drew on her own childhood experiences there to present a vivid picture of pioneer life. Tom Brokaw, longtime journalist and former host of the NBC Nightly News, reflected on his childhood in South Dakota in his autobiography, A Long Way from Home: Growing Up in the American Heartland, and in The Greatest Generation.
South Dakota has also produced a number of renowned visual artists, most notably Harvey Dunn (1884–1952), remembered for his paintings of pioneer life and his book and magazine illustrations, and Oscar Howe (1915–83), a Yanktonai Sioux who incorporated tribal motifs and symbolism in his paintings. A collection of Howe’s works is housed at the University of South Dakota. Traditional Native American crafts, many of which include intricate beadwork, are displayed and sold throughout the state.
Cultural institutions
Among the numerous museums in South Dakota, several stand out for their extraordinary collections and exhibits: the South Dakota State Historical Society in Pierre, the W.H. Over Museum of Natural and Cultural History in Vermillion, the Agricultural Heritage Museum in Brookings, and the Smith Zimmerman State Historical Museum in Madison. The Ingalls Homestead is a “living history” museum in De Smet that offers a window onto the pioneer life depicted in Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Little House novels. The National Music Museum at the University of South Dakota displays thousands of instruments from around the world. The Archaeological Research Center, part of the South Dakota State Historical Society in Rapid City, preserves the state’s major archaeology sites. The Prehistoric Indian Village in Mitchell includes a teaching and research facility as well as the Boehnen Museum, which contains a reconstructed earth lodge, pottery, tools, and other artifacts. The Mammoth Site in Hot Springs provides visitors with a look at an active archaeological dig where the remains of scores of mammoths and other Ice Age creatures are studied on-site.
The library at the University of South Dakota at Vermillion has a significant collection focusing on regional and Native American history and culture. The Center for Western Studies at Augustana College contains an art museum with substantial collections of regional literature, documents, and photographs.
Sports and recreation
Although there are no major professional sports franchises in South Dakota, Sioux Falls is the home of the Skyforce, long a member of the Continental Basketball League and more recently part of the National Basketball Association’s Developmental League. The city also has a team in the Northern League, an association of professional baseball teams that are unaffiliated with Major League Baseball. College sports fans in the state primarily follow the fortunes of South Dakota State University and University of South Dakota teams.
Boating, fishing, swimming, and hiking are some of the most popular activities for South Dakotans. In the winter, snowmobiling, skiing, and snowboarding are common. Rodeos are a popular form of entertainment in South Dakota; the Black Hills Roundup is held every July in Belle Fourche. The Sturgis Motorcycle Rally, which dates from 1938, draws hundreds of thousands of bikers to the state each year to witness the Jackpine Gypsies Championship Half-Mile Race and to ride the roadways that snake through the Black Hills. South Dakota’s recreational areas include the Custer and Bear Butte state parks, Black Hills National Forest, Crazy Horse Memorial, Wind Cave National Park, and Badlands National Park. Many camping sites are maintained in the Black Hills and along the Missouri River valley. Among the state’s best-known athletes are Casey Tibbs (1929–90), winner of many professional rodeo championships, and Billy Mills, a Sioux who won a gold medal in the 10,000-metre run at the 1964 Olympic Games.
Media and publishing
Daily newspapers with the largest circulation are the Argus Leader, published in Sioux Falls, and the Rapid City Journal. The South Dakota Review (1963), a literary, scholarly journal, is a publication of the English Department at the University of South Dakota. South Dakota History, a quarterly publication of the South Dakota State Historical Society, published its first issue in 1970. South Dakota Magazine, founded in Yankton in 1985, covers the state’s communities, arts, heritage, and culture.