Take Action

print Print
Please select which sections you would like to print:
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style
Feedback
Corrections? Updates? Omissions? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
Thank you for your feedback

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

External Websites
  1. Analyze the social good achieved by social media with Forbes.
  2. Consider the “good, bad, and ugly” of social media with social worker Frances Dalomba.
  3. Explore the negative effects of social media at the BBC.
  4. Consider how you felt about the issue before reading this article. After reading the pros and cons on this topic, has your thinking changed? If so, how? List two to three ways. If your thoughts have not changed, list two to three ways your better understanding of the “other side of the issue” now helps you better argue your position.
  5. Push for the position and policies you support by writing U.S. senators and representatives.

Sources

  1. Kristin Marino, "Social Media: The New News Source," schools.com, Apr. 16, 2012
  2. Sabrina Kidwali and Catherine Imperatore, "Social Media as an Advocacy Tool," Techniques: Connecting Education & Careers, Sep. 2011
  3. John D. Sutter, "Theater Shooting Unfolds in Real Time on Social Media," cnn.com, July 20, 2012
  4. Trevor Hughes and Carolyn Pesce, "Motive Sought in Deadly Shooting Rampage at Colorado Theater," usatoday.com, July 21, 2012
  5. LexisNexis Risk Solutions, "Role of Social Media in Law Enforcement Significant and Growing," lexisnexis.com, July 18, 2012
  6. Dan Evon, "NYPD Adding Twitter Tracking Unit to Police Force," socialnewsdaily.com (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  7. Richard Dalke, "Social Media Case Study: The Stanley Cup Hockey Riots," freshnetworks.com, June 27, 2011
  8. Global Post, "Vancouver Riots: The Shame and the Blame Spread Online," globalpost.com, June 17, 2012
  9. National School Boards Association, "Creating and Connecting: Research and Guidelines on Online Social - and Educational - Networking," nsba.org, July 2007
  10. Sarah Kessler, "The Case for Social Media in Schools," mashable.com, Sep. 29, 2010
  11. Elizabeth Delmatoff, "How Social Media Transformed Our School Community," oregoned.org, Apr. 2010
  12. Brian Solis, "People Use Social Networks to Connect with Friends and Family, Sometimes Brands," briansolis.com, Sep. 13, 2011
  13. Megan Sponcil and Priscilla Gitimu, "Use of Social Media by College Students: Relationship to Communication and Self-concept," <emJournal of Technology Research, 2012
  14. Common Sense Media, "Social Media, Social Life: How Teens View Their Digital Lives," commonsensemedia.org, 2012
  15. Bianca Bosker, "Fortune 500 List Boasts More Female CEOs Than Ever Before," huffingtonpost.com, May 7, 2012
  16. Huffington Post, "Social Media by Gender: Women Dominate Pinterest, Twitter, Men Dominate Reddit, YouTube (Infographic)," huffingtonpost.com, June 21, 2012
  17. Laura Said-Moorhouse and Stina Backer, "Why Women in Business Are Flocking to Twitter Chat," cnn.com, Sep. 27, 2012
  18. One.org, "Helping African Women Business Leaders Connect with Social Media," one.org (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  19. Jobvite, "The Essential Guide to Developing a Social Recruiting Strategy," jobvite.com, Mar. 3, 2012
  20. HR Focus, "Certain Tools Are Helping HR Connect Swiftly with the Right Job Candidates," ivyexec.com, Sep. 1, 2012
  21. Jobvite, "2012 Social Job Seeker Survey," jobvite.com, 2012
  22. Sharon Jayson, "’Flocking’ Behavior Lands on Social Networking Sites," USA TODAY, Sep. 27, 2009
  23. Morgan, "5 Ways Social Media Can Facilitate Offline Networking," sociableboost.com, May 8, 2012
  24. Annalisa Rodriguez, "Social Media Doesn’t Mean Social Isolation," usatodayeducate.com, Oct. 16, 2012
  25. Robert M. Bond, et al., "A 61-million-person Experiment in Social Influence and Political Mobilization," Nature, Sep. 13, 2012
  26. Keith Hampton, et al., "Social Networking Sites and Our Lives," pewinternet.org, June 16, 2011
  27. Lee Rainie, "Social Media and Voting," Pew Internet, pewinternet.org, Nov. 6, 2012
  28. Xiaolin Zhou, Barry Wellman, and Justine Yu, "Egypt: The First Internet Revolt?," Peace Magazine, July-Sep. 2011
  29. Stuart Schaar, "Revolutionary Challenges in Tunisia and Egypt: Generations in Conflict," New Politics, Summer 2011
  30. Todd Wasserman, "The Architect of #OccupyWallStreet Praises the Power of ’Magical Hashtags,’" mashable.com, Oct. 27, 2011
  31. Andy Nathan, "How Social Media Saved the Economy," technorati.com, June 14, 2011
  32. Quentin Hardy, "McKinsey Says Social Media Could Add $1.3 Million to the Economy," bits.blogs.nytimes.com, July 25, 2012
  33. Chris Crum, "Facebook Now Has 1.01 Billion Active Users, Brought in $1.26 Billion in Q3 Revenue," webpronews.com, Oct. 24, 2012
  34. New York Times, "Twitter," topics.nytimes.com (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  35. Raquel Recuero, "Facebook, Public Education and Equity: A 13-year-old Fights for a ’Better School,’" dmlcentral.net, Oct. 8, 2012
  36. Rheana Murray, "Families Find Photos Lost During Sandy," nydailynews.com, Nov. 27, 2012
  37. Peter Jordan, "We Are All Daniel Cui," facebookstories.com, Oct. 1, 2012
  38. Sarah Medina, "Daniel Cui, High School Goalie, Gets Support of Peers After Mean Prank (Video)," huffingtonpost.com, Oct. 3, 2012
  39. University of Alabama at Birmingham, "Move Over Youngsters, Grandma’s on Facebook," newswise.com, Oct. 27, 2011
  40. Aylin Zafar, "Facebook for Centenarians: Senior Citizens Learn Social Media," theatlantic.com, Aug. 31, 2011
  41. Kathryn Zickuhr, "Generations 2010," pewinternet.org, Dec. 16, 2010
  42. Kathryn Zickuhr, "Generations 2010," pewinternet.org, Dec. 16, 2010
  43. Mary Wilks, "Online Social Networking’s Effect on Adolescent Social Development," eckerd.edu (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  44. Jewish Action, "The Social Media Revolution: What Does It Mean for Our Children?," ou.org, Aug. 24, 2012
  45. Levi R. Baker and Debra L. Oswald, "Shyness and Online Social Networking Services," Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Nov. 2010
  46. D. D. Luxton, J. D. June, and J. M. Fairall, "Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective," American Journal of Public Health, May 2012
  47. D. D. Luxton, J. D. June, and J. M. Fairall, "Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective," American Journal of Public Health, May 2012
  48. Charlotte Tucker, "Social Media, Texting Play New Role in Response to Disasters: Preparedness, Communication Targeted," thenationshealth.aphapublications.org, May – June 2011
  49. 5 Boroughs Partnership, "Stamp Out Stigma," 5boroughspartnership.nhs.uk (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  50. The Stigma Project, "Our Mission & Vision," thestigmaproject.org (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  51. The Economist, "Economist Debates: Social Networking," economist.com, Feb. 13, 2012
  52. Wipe Out Homophobia, facebook.com (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  53. Jenny Lawson, "The Bloggess," thebloggess.com (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  54. Ginny Graves, "Miracle on Facebook," Good Housekeeping, July 2012
  55. Planet Hunters, "PH1: A Planet in a Four-star System," blog.planethunters.org, Oct. 15, 2012
  56. Anick Jesdanun, "The Best Crowdfunding Site for Hurricane Sandy Relief," huffingtonpost.com, Nov. 12, 2012
  57. Crowdwise, "About Us," crowdwise.com (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  58. Pencils of Promise, "Our Approach," pencilsofpromise.org (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  59. Bigger Brains, "Get Noticed. Disseminate Your Research Better," biggerbrains.com (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  60. Intuit Websites, "How Small Businesses Are Using Social Media," s1.intuitstatic.com (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  61. Tim Mullaney, "Social Media Is Reinventing How Business Is Done," usatoday.com, May 6, 2012
  62. Harry Rollason, "Why Social Media Makes Customer Service Better," mashable.com, Sep. 29, 2012
  63. Meris Stansbury, "Ten Ways Schools Are Using Social Media Effectively," eschoolnews.com, Oct. 21, 2011
  64. OnlineUniversities.com, "Pros and Cons of Social Media in Education," socialtimes.com, 2012
  65. National School Boards Association, "Creating and Connecting: Research and Guidelines on Online Social - and Educational - Networking," nsba.org, July 2007
  66. Mark Blankenship, "How Social Media Can and Should Impact Higher Education," Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, Mar. 2011
  67. Diane Cordell, "Skype and the Embedded Librarian," Library Technology Reports, Feb. 2012
  68. Tim Childers, "From Social Networking to Academic Networking… A Paradigm Shift," Internet@Schools, May-June 2011
  69. Edmodo, "About Edmodo," edmodo.com (accessed Mar. 24, 2015)
  70. Greg Rollett, "How Musicians Are Using Social Media to Connect with Fans," mashable.com, Mar. 12, 2010
  71. Ben Sisario, "Digital Notes: 50,000 Are Owed Royalties, Agency Says," mediacoder.blogs.nytimes.com, Aug. 15, 2012
  72. Ben Sisario, "The New Rise of a Summer Hit: Tweet It Maybe" nytimes.com, Aug. 21, 2012
  73. Desiree Adib, "Pop Star Justin Bieber Is on the Brink of Superstardom," abcnews.go.com, Nov. 14, 2009
  74. Zack O’Malley Greenburg, "Justin Bieber, Venture Capitalist," Forbes Asia Magazine, June 4, 2012
  75. National Endowment for the Arts, "NEA Chairman Rocco Landesman Announces New Report on How Americans Use Electronic Media to Participate in the Arts," nea.gov, June 25, 2010
  76. Kaplan Test Prep, "Kaplan Test Prep Survey: Percentage of College Admissions Officers Who Visit Applicants’ Social Networking Pages Continues to Grow — But Most Students Shrug," press.kaptest.com, Nov. 20, 2014
  77. Dana Flavelle, "Worries Follow Rise of Facebook," thestar.com, May 4, 2007
  78. Tabitha Whissemore, "Students Connect through Social Media Project," communitycollegetimes.com, Nov. 28, 2011
  79. Olga R. Rodriguez, "Mexico Tweets Cause Massive Shootout Panic," huffingtonpost.com, Sep. 8, 2012
  80. Sam Laird, "Twitter Troll Who Posted Fake Sandy News Apologizes to Internet," mashable.com, Oct. 30, 2012
  81. ConsumerReports.org, "Facebook & Your Privacy: Who Sees the Data You Share on the Biggest Social Network," Consumer Reports, June 2012
  82. Declan McCullagh, "Feds Snoop on Social-Network Accounts without Warrants," news.cnet.com, Sep. 27, 2012
  83. Sheryl Nance-Nash, "What Insurers Could Do with Your ’Social Media Score,’" dailyfinance.com, Dec. 12, 2011
  84. Paul A. Kirschner and Aryn C. Karpinski, "Facebook and Academic Performance," Computers in Human Behavior, Nov. 2010
  85. Jimmy Daly, "How Is Facebook Affecting College Students’ Grades [Infographic]," edtechmagazine.com, July 2, 2012
  86. Leslie Lanir, "Digital Information Overwhelms and Distracts Students," decodedscience.com, Nov. 4, 2012
  87. David Gutierrez, "Facebook Is Making You Miserable, Scientists Find," naturalnews.com, Nov. 29, 2012
  88. Lee Rainie, Amanda Lenhart, and Aaron Smith, "The Tone of Life on Social Networking Sites," pewinternet.org, Feb. 9, 2012
  89. Victoria J. Rideout, Ulla G. Foehr, and Donald F. Roberts, "Generation M2L Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds," kff.org, Jan. 2010
  90. Mark Dolliver, "Social Networking: A Waste of Time?," adweek.com, Oct. 7, 2010
  91. Urs Gasser and John Palfrey, "Mastering Multitasking," Educational Leadership, Mar. 2009
  92. David P. Willis, "Social Media Games Have Become Big Business," usatoday.com, Feb. 24, 2012
  93. Chris Cuomo, "Rep. Anthony Weiner: ’The Picture Was of Me and I Sent It,’" abcnews.go.com, June 6, 2011
  94. Raquel Recuero, "Social Media Discourse: Violence, Olympiads and Our Everyday Life," dmlcentral.net, Aug. 23, 2012
  95. K. Wolfling, M. E. Beutel, and K. W. Muller, "Construction of a Standardized Clinical Interview to Assess Internet Addiction: First Findings Regarding the Usefulness of AICA-C," Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, 2012
  96. Tony Dokoupil, "Is the Onslaught Making Us Crazy?," Newsweek, July 16, 2012
  97. David Derbyshire, "Social Websites Harm Children’s Brains: Chilling Warning to Parents from Top Neuroscientist," Daily Mail, Feb. 24, 2009
  98. USC Annenberg School Center for the Digital Future, "Special Report: America at the Digital Turning Point," annenberg.usc.edu, Jan, 2012
  99. Joann Pan, "Tweets at the Tables? More of Us Mix Social Media and Food," mashable.com, Feb. 29, 2012
  100. Barb Dybwad, "10% of Under 25s Think It’s OK to Text During Sex," mashable.com, May 5, 2010
  101. Matt McKinney, "Gangs Sometimes Fire First Shots Online," startribune.com, July 14, 2012
  102. Javelin Strategy & Research, "2012 Identity Fraud Industry Report: Social Media and Mobile Forming the New Fraud Frontier," javelinstrategy.com, 2012
  103. Alexandra Topping, "Social Networking Sites Fuelling Stalking, Report Warns," guardian.co.uk, Feb. 1, 2012
  104. US Army, "Social Media Roundup: Dangers of Location-Based Social Networking and Geotagging," slideshare.net, Feb. 22, 2012
  105. Daniel Hernandez, "Mexico: Decapitated Woman Mourned by Social Media Website," latimes.com, Sep. 25, 2011
  106. ValleyCentral.com, "Fourth Social Media Murder Reported in Nuevo Laredo," valleycentral.com, Nov. 10, 2011
  107. Nucleus Research, "Facebook: Measuring the Cost to Business of Social Networking," nucleusresearch.com, July 2009
  108. GFI Software, "Social Networking at Work: Thanks, but No Thanks?," gfi.com, June 3, 2011
  109. David Schepp, "Employees Admit Social Media Is a Waste of Their Time [Infographic]," jobs.aol.com, June 13, 2012
  110. F. Mishna, et al., "Cyber Bullying Behaviors Among Middle and High School Students," American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, July 2010
  111. Kathryn Anderson, "Workplace Aggression and Violence: Nurses and Midwives Say No," Australian Nursing Journal, July 2011
  112. Janis Wolak, David Finkelhor, and Kimberly J. Mitchell, "How Often Are Teens Arrested for Sexting? Data from a National Sample of Police Cases," Pediatrics, Jan. 2012
  113. Nancy V. Gifford, "Sexting in the USA," fosi.org (accessed Dec. 6, 2012)
  114. Ben Weitsenkorn, "Private Porn Pics Aren’t Private for Long," nbcnews.com, Oct. 2012
  115. Stephen Marche, "Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?," Atlantic Monthly, May 2012
  116. National Research Corporation, "1 in 5 Americans Use Social Media for Health Care Information," hcmg.nationalresearch.com, Feb. 28, 2011
  117. Megan Garber, "Health Blogger Could be Jailed for Giving Health Advice While Unlicensed," theatlantic.com, Apr. 24, 2012
  118. Jeffrey Benabio, "Why Twitter Is Bad for Your Health," thedermblog.com, Apr. 6, 2010
  119. Mia Moody, "New Media-Same Stereotypes: An Analysis of Social Media Depictions of President Barack Obama and Michelle Obama," The Journal of New Media & Culture, Summer 2012
  120. Matthew Johnson, "Facing Online Hate: Preparing Youth to Deal with Hate on the Internet," medialiteracyweek.ca (accessed Dec. 6, 2012)
  121. Heidi Beirich and Laurie Wood, "Robert Killian’s Years of Posing as a Neo-Nazi Biker Cost Him Dearly," splcenter.org, Fall 2012
  122. Ryan Owens and Chris Murphey, "Growing Number of ‘Project X’ Party Copycats Lead to Arrests Nationwide," abcnews.go.com, Mar. 17, 2012
  123. NBC News, "Thousands Descend on Tiny Dutch Town after Facebook Invitation Goes Viral," worldnews.nbcnews.com, Sep. 22, 2012
  124. CBS Local, "USC Study Examines Whether Social Networking Exacerbates Risky Behavior Among Teens," losangeles.cbslocal.com, Apr. 2, 2012
  125. Howard Blume, "Students’ Online Photos of California Tests Delay Release of Scores," latimes.com, July 18, 2012
  126. Sal Bommarito, "New York City High School Cheating Scandal Sparks Fear That Facebook Can Be Used to Cheat," policymic.com, July 2012
  127. ExactTarget, "Digital Morning Report," exacttarget.com, 2010
  128. Jim Giles, "The Oracle of Facebook," New Scientist, Apr. 28, 2012
  129. Lindsey Stiner, "Is Social Media to Blame for Inappropriate Student-Teacher Relationships?," connectamarillo.com, Oct. 16, 2012
  130. Abbie Alford, "Social Media Fueling Teacher & Student Sexual Relationships," fox23.com, May 24, 2012
  131. I am Baker, "The Ugly Truth about Instagram," iambaker.net, June 26, 2012
  132. Angela West, "What You Should Know about Pinterest and Copyright," pcworld.com, Feb. 26, 2012
  133. Nancy Messieh, "How Not to Run an Instagram Account: Vogue Spain Caught Stealing from Well-Known Street Photographer," thenextweb.com, Apr. 22, 2012
  134. Michael J. Bugeja, "Facing the Facebook," chronicle.com, Jan. 23. 2006
  135. Janet Kornblum and Mary Beth Marklein, "What You Say Online Could Haunt You," usatoday.com, Mar. 8, 2006
  136. Matt Raymond, "How Tweet It Is!: Library Acquires Entire Twitter Archive," blogs.loc.gov, Apr. 14, 2010
  137. Shendl Tuchman, "Divorce and Social Networking Sites," goodtherapy.org, Aug. 27, 2012
  138. Rob Waugh, "Beware the New Computer Virus Spreading Via Chat Messaging Window on Facebook," dailymail.co.uk, May 21, 2012
  139. Kyle Christie, "Going Viral: Using Social Media to Publicise Academic Research," guardian.co.uk, Apr. 11, 2011
  140. Emily Johns, "Dangers Faced by Journalists Extend to Social Media Users," silha.umn.edu, Fall 2011
  141. Martha Payne, "Martha Payne: Diary of a Girl Who Fed the Starving," telegraph.co.uk, Oct. 4, 2012
  142. Aaron Smith, Laurie Segall, and Stacy Cowley, "Facebook Reaches One Billion Users," cnnmoney.com, Oct. 4, 2012
  143. Aaron Smith, Laurie Segall, and Stacy Cowley, "Facebook Reaches One Billion Users," cnnmoney.com, Oct. 4, 2012
  144. Semiocast, "Brazil Becomes 2nd Country on Twitter, Japan 3rd Netherlands Most Active Country," semiocast.com, Jan. 1, 2012
  145. Chenda Ngak, "Pinterest CEO Says Key to Success Was Marketing, Not Engineering," cbsnews.com, Oct. 22, 2012
  146. Sean Ludwig, "Pinterest Now the Third Most Popular Social Network After Facebook & Twitter," venturebeat.com, Apr. 5, 2012
  147. Nielsen Wire, "Social Media Report 2012: Social Media Comes of Age," blog.nielsen.com, Dec. 3, 2012
  148. Seer Interactive, "How Do They Make Money?," seerinteractive.com (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  149. Tineka Smith, "Social Media Revenue Predicted to Reach $16.9bn in 2012," cbronline.com, July 25, 2012
  150. Tineka Smith, "Social Media Revenue Predicted to Reach $16.9bn in 2012," cbronline.com, July 25, 2012
  151. Pew Research Center, "Internet’s Broader Role in Campaign 2008: Social Networking and Online Videos Take Off," people-press.org, Jan. 11, 2008
  152. Jeremiah Owyang, "Snapshot of Presidential Candidate Social Networking Stats: Nov 3, 2008," web-strategist.com, Nov. 3, 2008
  153. Vivek Kundra and Katie Stanton, "New Technologies and Participation," whitehouse.gov, June 12, 2009
  154. White House Office of the Press Secretary, "Weekly Address: President Obama Announces Steps to Reform Government and Promote Fiscal Discipline," whitehouse.gov, Apr. 25, 2009
  155. Audrey Hudson, "Exclusive: W.H. Collects Web Users’ Data Without Notice," washingtontimes.com, Sep. 16, 2009
  156. Liz Gannes, "Twitter CEO Dick Costolo: We’re Not a Media Company. We’re in the Media Business.," allthingsd.com, Jan. 30, 2012
  157. Twitter Blog, "One Hundred Million Voices," blog.twitter.com, Sep. 8, 2011
  158. Barack Obama, twitter.com, Nov. 6, 2012
  159. Shea Bennett, "Revealed: Twitter’s 10 Most Retweeted Tweets of All Time," mediabistro.com, Sep. 27, 2012
  160. Shea Bennett, "Revealed: Twitter’s 10 Most Retweeted Tweets of All Time," mediabistro.com, Sep. 27, 2012
  161. Garry Blight, Sheila Pulham, and Paul Torpey, "Arab Spring: An Interactive Timeline of Middle East Protests," guardian.co.uk, Jan. 5, 2012
  162. Garry Blight, Sheila Pulham, and Paul Torpey, "Arab Spring: An Interactive Timeline of Middle East Protests," guardian.co.uk, Jan. 5, 2012
  163. Michael Falcone, "In Iraq: To Twitter or Not to Twitter?," thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com, Feb. 9, 2009
  164. Aaron Gouveia, "Wasting Time at Work," salary.com (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  165. Illinois General Assembly, "HB1314," ilga.gov, Aug. 2009
  166. Internet Safety Technical Task Force, "Enhancing Child Safety & Online Technologies," cyber.law.harvard.edu, Dec. 31, 2008
  167. Internet Safety Technical Task Force, "Enhancing Child Safety & Online Technologies," cyber.law.harvard.edu, Dec. 31, 2008
  168. Illinois General Assembly, "Bill Status of HB3782," ilga.gov (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  169. Jerry Brown, twitter.com, Sep. 27, 2012
  170. State of Delaware, "House Bill # 309 w/HA 1 + SA 2 + HA 2," legis.delaware.gov, July 20, 2012
  171. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Employer Access to Social Media Usernames and Passwords," ncsl.org (accessed Dec. 5, 2012)
  172. Metro, "Instagram Attracts More Mobile Visitors Than Twitter for First Time," metro.co.uk, Sep. 28, 2012
  173. Beth Snyder Bulik, "Apparently That Text Can’t Wait -- Not Even During Sex: Report Reveals Surprising News about Social Media and Its Grip on Our Lives," adage.com, May 5, 2010
  174. Beth Snyder Bulik, "Apparently That Text Can’t Wait -- Not Even During Sex: Report Reveals Surprising News about Social Media and Its Grip on Our Lives," adage.com, May 5, 2010
  175. Zephoria, "The Top 20 Valuable Facebook Statistics," zephoria.com, Feb. 2015
  176. Josh Constine, "Facebook’s Growth Since IPO in 12 Big Numbers," techcrunch.com, May 17, 2013
  177. Josh Constine, "Facebook’s Growth Since IPO in 12 Big Numbers," techcrunch.com, May 17, 2013
  178. Twitter, "About," twitter.com (accessed Mar. 24, 2015)
  179. Michael Arrington, "Facebook Just Launched Open Registrations," techcrunch.com, Sep. 26, 2006
  180. DJ Saul, "3 Million Teens Leave Facebook in 3 Years: The 2014 Facebook Demographic Report," istrategylabs.com, Jan. 15, 2014
  181. The Nielsen Company, "The Digital Consumer," Nielsen.com, Feb. 2014
  182. Reynol Junco, "Student Class Standing, Facebook Use, and Academic Performance," Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Jan. 2015
  183. Reynol Junco, "Student Class Standing, Facebook Use, and Academic Performance," Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Jan. 2015
  184. Robert M. Pressman, et al., "Examining the Interface of Family and Personal Traits, Media, and Academic Imperatives Using the Learning Habit Study," American Journal of Family Therapy, Sep. 2, 2014
  185. Reuters, "Maryland Students Accused of Using Twitter to Cheat on Test," reuters.com, Mar. 23, 2015
  186. Reuters, "Maryland Students Accused of Using Twitter to Cheat on Test," reuters.com, Mar. 23, 2015
  187. Associated Press, "Teacher-Student Sex Investigations Rising in Texas, 74 New Cases since Sept.," ksat.com, Mar. 16, 2015
  188. Merrill Hope, "41% Increase in Texas Teacher-Student Sexual Misconduct Cases," breitbart.com, Mar. 19, 2015
  189. Merrill Hope, "41% Increase in Texas Teacher-Student Sexual Misconduct Cases," breitbart.com, Mar. 19, 2015
  190. Pew Research Center, "Social Media Fact Sheet," pewresearch.org, June 12, 2019
  191. Michael Barthel, et al., "The Evolving Role of News on Twitter and Facebook," journalism.org, July 14, 2015
  192. Nic Newman, et al., "Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2016 Tracking the Future of News," reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk, 2016
  193. BBC Trending "How the Paris Attacks Unfolded on Social Media," bbc.com, Nov. 17, 2015
  194. Nichole Tucker, "Study Shows That Twitter Broke the Ebola Outbreak Story Before Health Officials," inquisitr.com, June 3, 2015
  195. Sam Thielman, "Twitter Breaks News of the Boston Marathon Explosions: Injuries Reported, Photos Disseminated, Google Launches Person Finder," adweek.com, Apr. 15, 2013
  196. Sam Thielman, "Twitter Breaks News of the Boston Marathon Explosions: Injuries Reported, Photos Disseminated, Google Launches Person Finder," adweek.com, Apr. 15, 2013
  197. Alex Murray "How Messaging and Social Apps Helped Convict Adam Johnson," bbc.com, Mar. 24, 2016
  198. Anna Orso "This Tweet May Be Used against You: Kathryn Knott, Social Media and Criminal Justice in 2015," billypenn.com, Dec. 22, 2015
  199. McClatchy-Tribune News Service "More Departments Using Facebook to Catch Criminals," policeone.com, May 14, 2016
  200. Amanda Lenhart, et al., "Teens, Technology & Friendships: Video Games, Social Media and Mobile Phones Play a Role in How Teens Meet and Interact with Friends," pewinternet.org, Aug. 2015
  201. Pew Research Center, "Women and Leadership," pewsocialtrends.org, Jan. 14, 2015
  202. Rachel Hyde, "Pinterest and the Male Market: How to Make a Move," investopedia.com, Jan. 26, 2016
  203. Cooper Smith, "Here’s Why Instagram’s Demographics Are So Attractive to Brands," businessinsider.com, Aug. 17, 2014
  204. Douglas MacMillan, "Snapchat CEO: 70% of Users Are Women," blogs.wsj.com, Nov. 20, 2013
  205. JD Rucker, "Facebook Has More Female Users but Much More Male Journalists Covering It," techi.com, Mar. 8, 2013
  206. Jobvite, "The Jobvite Recruiter Nation Survey 2015," jobvite.com, 2015
  207. JobVite, "Americans Uncertain About the Future of Work, 2016 Jobvite Job Seeker Nation Shows," jobvite.com, 2016
  208. Jobvite, "Job Seeker Nation Study 2015," jobvite.com, 2015
  209. LookSharp, "State of College Hiring 2015," usatcollege.files.wordpress.com, 2015
  210. Refuel Agency, "2015 College Explorer," research.refuelagency.com, Jan. 2016
  211. Rubina Madan Fillion, "The Five Biggest Social Media Movements of 2014," blogs.wsj.com, Dec. 3, 2014
  212. Frank, "Movements That Defined 2015," frank.jou.ufl.edu, Dec. 31, 2015
  213. Facebook, "Facebook Reports First Quarter 2016 Results and Announces Proposal for New Class of Stock," investor.fb.com, Apr. 27, 2016
  214. Ugochi Onwuanibe, "The Global Impact of Social Media," themarketmoghul.com, Sep. 7, 2015
  215. Andrew Perrin, "Social Media Usage 2005-2015," pewinternet.org, Oct. 8, 2015
  216. PlanetHunters, "A New Paper and New Planet Discoveries," blog.planethunters.org, Oct. 30, 2014
  217. Pencils of Promise, "Annual Report 2015," pencilsofpromise.org, 2015
  218. ALS Association, "The ALS Association Expresses Sincere Gratitude to Over Three Million Donors," alsa.org, Aug. 29, 2014
  219. Nora Ganim Barnes, Ava M. Lescault, and Glenn Holmes, "The 2015 Fortune 500 and Social Media: Instagram Gains, Blogs Lose," umassd.edu, 2015
  220. TopRank Marketing News, "TopRank Fast Facts: 50+ Useful Consumer Insights & Statistics for Online Marketers," toprankmarketing.com, May 20, 2013
  221. Rob Harris, "What Are the Benefits for Customers of Major Companies Using Social Media?," smallbusiness.chron.com (accessed June 2, 2016)
  222. Rob Harris, "What Are the Benefits for Customers of Major Companies Using Social Media?," smallbusiness.chron.com (accessed June 2, 2016)
  223. Laura Woods, "Here’s Justin Bieber’s Net Worth on His 22nd Birthday," time.com, Feb. 29, 2016
  224. Facebook, "Safety Check," facebook.com (accessed June 2, 2016)
  225. Deepa Seetharaman, "Paris Attacks Push Facebook, Twitter Users to New Tools," wsj.com, Nov. 14, 2015
  226. Deepa Seetharaman, "Paris Attacks Push Facebook, Twitter Users to New Tools," wsj.com, Nov. 14, 2015
  227. Tom Rosenstiel, et al., "Twitter and the News: How People Use the Social Network to Learn About the World," americanpressinstitute.org, Sep. 1, 2015
  228. Mary Madden, "Public Perceptions of Privacy and Security in the Post-Snowden Era," pewinternet.org, Nov. 12, 2014
  229. Mary Madden, "Privacy Management on Social Media Sites," pewinternet.org, Feb. 24, 2012
  230. Facebook, "Government Requests Report," govtrequests.facebook.com (accessed June 8, 2016)
  231. Facebook, "Government Requests Report," govtrequests.facebook.com (accessed June 8, 2016)
  232. Glenn Greenwald, "XKeyscore: NSA Tool Collects ’Nearly Everything a User Does on the Internet’," theguardian.com, July 31, 2013
  233. Insurance Quotes, "Your Social Media Could Affect Your Insurance Rates," insurancequotes.org (accessed June 8, 2016)
  234. Louis-Philippe Beland and Richard Murphy, "Ill Communication: Technology, Distraction & Student Performance," cep.lse.ac.uk, May 2015
  235. Common Sense Media, "The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Tweens and Teens," commonsensemedia.org, 2015
  236. Amada Lenhart, "Chapter 5: Conflict, Friendships and Technology," pewinternet.org, Aug. 6, 2015
  237. Russell B. Clayton, Alexander Nagurney, and Jessica R. Smith, "Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking," online.liebertpub.com, Oct. 2013
  238. Russell B. Clayton, "The Third Wheel: The Impact of Twitter Use on Relationship Infidelity and Divorce," cs.vu.nl, 2014
  239. Jason Mander, "Daily Time Spent on Social Networks Rises to 1.72 Hours," globalwebindex.net, Jan. 26, 2015
  240. International Social Games Association, "About Social Games," i-sga.org (accessed June 15, 2016)
  241. Kimberlee Morrison, "52% of Recruiters Check Social Media During the Hiring Process [Infographic]," adweek.com, Mar. 24, 2015
  242. Richard Sandomir, "Curt Schilling, ESPN Analyst, Is Fired Over Offensive Social Media Post," nytimes.com, Apr. 20, 2016
  243. Liu Yi Lin, et al., "Association Between Social Media Use and Depression Among U.S. Young Adults," ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Apr. 2016
  244. Cecilie Schou Andreassen, Ståle Pallesen, and Mark D. Griffiths, "The Relationship Between Addictive Use of Social Media, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem: Findings from a Large National Survey," researchgate.net, Feb. 2016
  245. Office for National Statistics, "Insights into Children’s Mental Health and Well-Being," ons.gov.uk, Oct. 20, 2015
  246. Kostadin Kushlev, Jason Proulx, and Elizabeth W. Dunn, "’Silence Your Phones’: Smartphone Notifications Increase Inattention and Hyperactivity Symptoms," researchgate.net, 2016
  247. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "Overusing Social Media as an Adolescent May Hurt Your Love Life Later On," uncnews.unc.edu, June 21, 2016
  248. Conor Gallagher, "Man Jailed After Having Sex with Girl (15) He Groomed Using Fake Social Media Profile," independent.ie, Jan. 12, 2016
  249. Callum Jones, "Man Jailed for Six Years After He Groomed Girls Online and Offered Money for Sex," northamptonchron.co.uk, Feb, 23, 2016
  250. Ray Surette, "Social Networks Set Off a ’Performance Crime’ Spree," newsweek.com, Jan. 30, 2016
  251. Ed Smith, "Social Media and Crime," instantcheckmate.com, Aug. 21, 2013
  252. SYRIA:Direct, "Islamic State Executes Female Journalist in Raqqa," syriadirect.org, Jan. 4, 2016
  253. Hawes Spencer, Sheryl Gay Stolberg, and Richard Perez-Pena, "Concerns over Social Media Link to Virginia Girl’s Killing," nytimes.com, Feb. 1, 2016
  254. Ellen Barry and Maher Sattar, "Bangladesh Activist Is Killed after Criticizing Militants," nytimes.com, Apr. 7, 2016
  255. Kenneth Olmstead, Cliff Lampe, and Nicole B. Ellison, "Social Media and the Workplace," pewinternet.org, June 22, 2016
  256. Society for Human Resource Management, "Does 24-Hour Connectedness Create Feelings of Guilt?," shrm.org, Apr. 23, 2015
  257. Alicia Compton and Catherine O’Flynn, "Employment Snapshot 2016: Social Media in the Workplace," williamfry.com, 2016
  258. Cox, "2014 Teen Internet Safety Survey," cox.com, 2014
  259. Statistic Brain, "Cyberbullying / Bullying Statistics," statisticbrain.com (accessed July 13, 2016)
  260. Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin, "State Cyberbullying Laws," cyberbullying.org, Jan. 2016
  261. DoSomething.org, "11 Facts About Sexting," dosomething.org (accessed July 13, 2016)
  262. Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin, "State Sexting Laws," cyberbullying.org, July 2015
  263. Ryan J. Reilly, "Domestic Terrorists Organizing Online Are ’Real Threat,’ DOJ Warns," huffingtonpost.com, Oct. 14, 2015
  264. Jamie Bartlett, Jeremy Reffin, Noelle Rumball, and Sarah Williamson, "Anti-Social Media," demos.co.uk, Feb. 2014
  265. David Martin Davies, "Dramatic Increase of Improper Student-Teacher Relationships in Texas," houstonpublicmedia.org, Oct. 3, 2016
  266. Kaplan Test Prep, "Kaplan Test Prep Survey: College Admissions Officers Say Social Media Increasingly Affects Applicants’ Chances," press.kaptest.com, Feb. 10, 2017
  267. Andrew McGill, "Can Twitter Fit Inside the Library of Congress?," theatlantic.com, Aug. 4, 2016
  268. American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (AAML), "Big Surge in Social Networking Evidence Says Survey of Nation’s Top Divorce Lawyers," aaml.org, Feb. 10, 2010
  269. Hunt Allcott and Matthew Gentzkow, "Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election," web.stanford.edu, Jan. 2017
  270. Doreen McCallister, "Snapchat Parent’s Stock Soars by 50 Percent on First Day of Trading," npr.org, Mar. 2, 2017
  271. Michael Gove and Kai Diekmann, "Full Transcript of Interview with Donald Trump," thetimes.co.uk, Jan. 16, 2017
  272. Richard Gray, "Lies, Propaganda and Fake News: A Challenge for Our Age," bbc.com, Mar. 1, 2017
  273. BBC, "Pizzagate: Gunman Fires in Restaurant at Centre of Conspiracy," bbc.com, Dec. 5, 2016
  274. Maeve Duggan, et al., "Demographics of Key Social Networking Platforms," pewinternet.org, Jan. 9, 2015
  275. Rob Price, "Facebook’s New Video Business Is Awash with Copyright Infringement and Celebrities Are Some of the Biggest Offenders, " businessinsider.com, May 6, 2015
  276. James Estrin, "Haitian Photographer Wins Major U.S. Copyright Victory," lens.blogs.nytimes.com, Nov. 23, 2013
  277. Nicole Martinez, "Video Creators Are Losing Millions from Facebook Video Posts," artlawjournal.com, Sep. 3, 2015
  278. Soroush Vosoughi, Deb Roy, Sinan Aral, "The Spread of True and False News Online," Science, Mar. 2018
  279. United States of America v. Internet Research Agency LLC, et al., justice.gov, Feb. 16, 2018
  280. Alyssa Newcomb, "How Parkland’s Social Media-Savvy Teens Took Back the Internet — and the Gun Control Debate," nbc.com, Feb. 22, 2018
  281. Michelle Cottle, "How Parkland Students Changed the Gun Debate," theatlantic.com, Feb. 28, 2018
  282. German Lopez, "It’s Official: March for Our Lives Was One of the Biggest Youth Protests since the Vietnam War," vox.com, Mar. 26, 2018
  283. Katanga Johnson, "’Vote Them Out!’ - Thousands Register to Vote at U.S. Gun-Control Marches," reuters.com, Mar. 24, 2018
  284. New York Times, "Facebook’s Zuckerberg Braces for Two Days of Grueling Capitol Hill Questioning," nytimes.com, Apr. 10, 2018
  285. Joseph Weber, "Facebook’s Zuckerberg Braces for Two Days of Grueling Capitol Hill Questioning," foxnews.com, Apr. 10, 2018
  286. Editorial Team, "How Much Time Do People Spend on Social Media in 2019?," famemass.com, Aug. 5, 2019
  287. Kaplan Test Prep, "College Admissions: The Complete Guide to Social Media," kaptest.com, July 31, 2018
  288. Monica Anderson and Jingjing Jiang, "Teens’ Social Media Habits and Experiences," pewresearch.org, Nov. 28, 2018
  289. David A. Broniatowski, et al., "Weaponized Health Communication: Twitter Bots and Russian Trolls Amplify the Vaccine Debate," ajph.aphapublications.org, Aug. 23, 2018
  290. William Cummings, "Trump Sets Record for Most Tweets in a Single Day Since He Took Office,” usatoday.com, Jan. 23, 2020
  291. Flixed Team, "The COVID-19 Media Diet,” flixed.io, Apr. 20, 2020
  292. Neal Rothschild, "Trump Rules Social Media, Crushes 2020 Democrats,” axios.com, Nov. 2, 2019
  293. Brian Fung, "Twitter Labeled Trump Tweets with a Fact Check for the First Time," cnn.com, May 27, 2020
  294. Brian Fung, Ryan Nobles, and Kevin Liptak, "Trump Signs Executive Order Targeting Social Media Companies," cnn.com, May 28, 2020
  295. Donald Trump, Twitter.com, May 26, 2020
  296. Donald Trump, "Executive Order on Preventing Online Censorship," whitehouse.gov, May 28,2020
  297. Megan Marples, "Some Cyberbullies Show Signs of PTSD, According to UK Study," cnn.com, June 24, 2020
  298. Olafimihan Oshin, "Majority Says Social Media Does More to Divide than Unite: Poll," thehill.com, May 9, 2021
  299. Common Sense Media, "The Common Sense Census: Media Use by Tweens and Teens," commonsensemedia.org, 2022
  300. Daniel Kolitz, “How Has Social Media Impacted Our Mental Health,” gizmodo.com, Aug. 16, 2021
  301. Jean Philippe Décieux, Andreas Heinen, and Helmut Willems, “Social Media and Its Role in Friendship-Driven Interactions among Young People: A Mixed Methods Study,” YOUNG, journals.sagepub.com, 2018
  302. Maya Massing-Schaffer, et al., “Adolescent Peer Experiences and Prospective Suicidal Ideation: The Protective Role of Online-Only Friendships,” Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, tandfonline.com, Apr. 23, 2020
  303. Monica Anderson, et al., “Connection, Creativity and Drama: Teen Life on Social Media in 2022,” pewresearch.org, Nov. 16, 2022
  304. Zawn Villines, “How Social Networking Changes Friendships,” goodtherapy.org, Nov. 23, 2012
  305. Lori Wade, “How Social Media is Reshaping Today’s Education System,” csis.georgetown.edu (accessed Nov. 16, 2022)
  306. UNICEF Office of Global Insight and Policy, “Digital Civic Engagement by Young People,” unicef.org, Feb. 2020
  307. Joel Penney, “‘It’s My Duty to Be Like ‘This Is Wrong:’ Youth Political Social Media Practices in the Trump Era,” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, academic.oup.com, Nov. 2019
  308. Maryville University, “A Guide to Activism in the Digital Age,” online.maryville.edu (accessed Nov. 17, 2022)
  309. Shafaq Fatema, Li Yanbin, and Dong Fugui, “Social Media Influence on Politicians’ and Citizens’ Relationship through the Moderating Effect of Political Slogans,” Media Governance and the Public Sphere, frontiersin.org, Sep. 27, 2022
  310. Shelley L. Craig, et al., “Can Social Media Participation Enhance LGBTQ+ Youth Well-Being? Development of the Social Media Benefits Scale,” Social Media + Society, journals.sagepub.com, Jan. 23, 2021
  311. Shelley L. Craig, et al., “Can Social Media Participation Enhance LGBTQ+ Youth Well-Being? Development of the Social Media Benefits Scale,” Social Media + Society, journals.sagepub.com, Jan. 23, 2021
  312. Maria Ochoa, “How Bilingual Social Media Content Helps Promote Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion in Nonprofits,” emprendercreative.com, May 20, 2021
  313. Merriam-Webster, “Cyberbullying,” merriam-webster.com (accessed Nov. 9, 2022)
  314. McAfee, “Cyberbullying in Plain Sight: A McAfee Connected Family Report,” mcafee.com, Aug. 2022
  315. Monica Anderson, “A Majority of Teens Have Experienced Some Form of Cyberbullying,” pewresearch.org, Sep. 27, 2018
  316. Emily A. Vogels, “The State of Online Harassment,” pewresearch.org, Jan. 13, 2021
  317. Swansea University, “Oung Victims of Cyberbullying Twice As Likely to Attempt Suicide and Self-Harm, Study Finds,” swansea.ac.uk, Apr. 19, 2018
  318. UNICEF, “​​Cyberbullying: What Is It and How to Stop It,” unicef.org, Feb. 2022
  319. Dell Cameron and Mack DeGeurin, “Meta’s Toxic Algorithm ’Substantially Contributed’ to Ethnic Cleansing in Myanmar: Amnesty International,” gizmodo.com, Sep. 28, 2022
  320. Daron Acemoğlu and Asuman Ozdaglar, “Misinformation: Strategic Sharing, Homophily, and Endogenous Echo Chambers,” cepr.org, June 30, 2021
  321. Filippo Menczer and Thomas Hills, “Information Overload Helps Fake News Spread, and Social Media Knows It,” scientificamerican.com, Dec. 1, 2020
  322. Chris Meserole, “How Misinformation Spreads on Social Media—and What to Do about It,” brookings.edu, May 9, 2018
  323. Sadiq Muhammed and Saji K. Mathew, “ The Disaster of Misinformation: A Review of Research in Social Media,” International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, Feb. 15, 2022
  324. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, “Munich Security Conference,” who.int, Feb. 15, 2020
  325. Tulane University School of Professional Advancement, “Key Social Media Privacy Issues for 2020,” sopa.tulane.edu (accessed Nov. 11, 2022)
  326. Lee Rainie, “Americans’ Complicated Feelings about Social Media in an Era of Privacy Concerns,” pewresearch.org, Mar. 27, 2018
  327. EPIC, “Social Media Privacy,” epic.org (accessed Nov. 11, 2022)
  328. Jomilė Nakutavičiūtė, “What Are the Most Common Social Media Privacy Issues?,” nordvpn.com, Mar. 18, 2022
  329. Michelle Wilson, “8 Reasons Why Social Media is Bad for Your Data Security (And Why It’s Good),” hp.com, July 2, 2019
  330. Associated Press, “Utah’s New Social Media Law Means Children Will Need Approval from Parents,” npr.org, Mar. 24, 2023
  331. Samantha Murphy Kelly, “Utah Governor Signs Bill Requiring Teens to Get Parental Approval to Join Social Media Sites,” cnn.com, Mar. 23, 2023
  332. Brian Fung, "Arkansas Governor Signs Sweeping Bill Imposing a Minimum Age Limit for Social Media Usage," cnn.com, Apr. 12, 2023
  333. Vivek H. Murthy, “Surgeon General: Why I’m Calling for a Warning Label on Social Media Platforms,” nytimes.com, June 17, 2024
  334. Ellen Barry, “Surgeon General Calls for Warning Labels on Social Media Platforms,” nytimes.com, June 17, 2024
  335. United Brain Association, “Digital Addiction Fast Facts,” unitedbrainassociation.org (accessed June 25, 2024)
  336. Jena Hilliard, “Social Media Addiction,” addictioncenter.com, June 13, 2024
  337. Vivek H. Murthy, “Surgeon General: Why I’m Calling for a Warning Label on Social Media Platforms,” nytimes.com, June 17, 2024
  338. Olivia Willis, "How Social Media Is Connecting People Living with Illness," abc.net.au, Feb 27, 2018
  339. Simon Kemp, “Digital 2023: The United States of America,” datareportal.com, Feb. 9, 2023
  340. Rohit Shewale, "Social Media Users 2024 (Global Data & Statistics)," demandsage.com, Mar. 4, 2024
  341. Simon Kemp, “The Time We Spend on Social Media,” datareportal.com, Jan. 31, 2024