scar

scar, mark left on the skin after the healing of a cut, burn, or other area of wounded tissue. As part of the healing process, specialized cells called fibroblasts in adjacent areas of skin produce a fibrous connective tissue made up of collagen. The bundles formed by these whitish, rather inelastic fibres make up the bulk of the scar tissue. Though scar tissues possess networks of small capillaries and are thus supplied with blood, they lack the oil glands and elastic tissue that normally protect the skin against irritation; consequently, they are often slightly painful or itchy.

Sometimes a scar becomes an excessively thick and fibrous, tumourlike growth called a keloid (q.v.), which extends beyond the wound’s original limits. Another, less serious form of overscarring is that of hypertrophic scars, in which the scar grows overly thick but remains confined within the limits of the wound. Keloids and hypertrophic scars are most troublesome when they result from serious burns and cover large areas of the skin; these may inhibit a person’s movement, especially around a joint. All scars, but especially those resulting from unaided healing of third-degree burns, also are prone to malignant change.

The treatment of serious or prominent scars is considered by plastic surgeons to be among their most important problems. Dermabrasion, i.e., abrading the skin in a controlled manner, can be used to remove unsightly scars that have resulted from surgery or acne. Small scars can best be prevented by keeping a scab from forming on a wound through the use of nonstick bandages. The scars left in the wake of scabs form indentations in the skin.