mallard: Conversely, the Laysan teal (formerly A. platyrhynchos laysanensis), of which only a small population survives on Laysan Island west of Hawaii, is now classified as a separate species, although it was once classed as a mallard and looks very similar to a small mallard hen. Of the…

monk seal: monachus) and the Hawaiian, or Laysan, monk seal (M. schauinslandi). The seals are threatened by human disturbance of their coastal habitats, disease, and continued hunting. By the 1990s there were only about 1,400 Hawaiian monk seals and 300 to 600 Mediterranean monk seals still alive.

mallard: Conversely, the Laysan teal (formerly A. platyrhynchos laysanensis), of which only a small population survives on Laysan Island west of Hawaii, is now classified as a separate species, although it was once classed as a mallard and looks very similar to a small mallard hen. Of the…

Marina Abramović: …with Frank Uwe Laysiepen (byname Ulay), a like-minded German artist. Much of their work together was concerned with gender identity, most notoriously Imponderabilia (1977), in which they stood naked while facing each other in a museum’s narrow entrance, forcing visitors to squeeze between them and, in so doing, to choose…

Layton, city, Davis county, northern Utah, U.S., between Great Salt Lake and the Wasatch Range. Settled (1850) by Mormon pioneers, it was named in 1885 for Christopher Layton, a soldier in the Mexican War (1846–47) who settled in Salt Lake valley and raised one of Utah’s first alfalfa crops. The

Layton: …was named in 1885 for Christopher Layton, a soldier in the Mexican War (1846–47) who settled in Salt Lake valley and raised one of Utah’s first alfalfa crops. The city was once a shipping and processing centre for surrounding irrigated farmlands producing vegetables and sugar beets, but it now is…

Irving Layton was a Romanian-born poet, who treated the Jewish Canadian experience with rebellious vigour. Layton’s family immigrated to Canada in 1913. He attended Macdonald College (B.Sc., 1939) and McGill University (M.A., 1946). After serving in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II,

Jack Layton was a Canadian politician who was leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2003 to 2011. Layton grew up in Hudson, Quebec, as the son and grandson of prominent Canadian politicians. His grandfather, Gilbert Layton, served as a cabinet minister under Quebec’s Union Nationale

Jack Layton was a Canadian politician who was leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2003 to 2011. Layton grew up in Hudson, Quebec, as the son and grandson of prominent Canadian politicians. His grandfather, Gilbert Layton, served as a cabinet minister under Quebec’s Union Nationale

Jonestown: Only one man, Temple member Larry Layton, was tried in the United States for his involvement in the November 18 events. He was found guilty of conspiracy and aiding and abetting in the murder of Ryan and the attempted murder of U.S. embassy official Richard Dwyer and was sentenced to…

The Economist: …socially and politically prominent editor Sir Walter Layton (1922–38) was influential in establishing the publication as an authority. By 1938 half The Economist’s sales were overseas. Layton’s successor, Geoffrey Crowther (1938–56), thus continued to expand its foreign affairs and business coverage. The magazine’s in-depth coverage of the Pearl Harbor attack…

basketball: Shots from the field: …main field shots is the layup, in which the shooter, while close to the basket, jumps and lays the ball against the backboard so it will rebound into the basket or just lays it over the rim. Away from the basket, players use a one-hand push shot from a stride,…

Caucasian peoples: …the closely related Mingrelians and Laz, and the Svan, make up the Republic of Georgia and live in western Transcaucasia (the Laz live in Turkish territory). Among the many peoples that make up the two smaller northern groups, the Chechens, who constitute the majority of the population of Chechnya republic…

Laz language, unwritten language spoken along the coast of the Black Sea in Georgia and in the adjacent areas of Turkey. Some scholars believe Laz and the closely related Mingrelian language to be dialects of the Svan language rather than independent languages. Both Laz and Mingrelian have made a

Battle of Kosovo: …armies of the Serbian prince Lazar and the Turkish forces of the Ottoman sultan Murad I (reigned 1360–89) that left both leaders killed and ended in a Turkish victory, the collapse of Serbia, and the complete encirclement of the crumbling Byzantine Empire by Turkish armies.

quarantine: Early practices: …Venice set up its first lazaretto, or quarantine station, on an island near the city. The Venetian system became the model for other European countries and the basis for widespread quarantine control for several centuries.

Jack White: The follow-up, Lazaretto (2014), garnered mostly glowing reviews. His devotion to vinyl recordings was especially evident on the latter album—an ambitious mix of familiar and unexpected musical approaches—which incorporated a raft of technical innovations for turntable users. The eclectic Boarding House Reach (2018) featured a variety of…

Pyotr Petrovich Lazarev was a Soviet physicist and biophysicist known for his physicochemical theory of the movement of ions and the consequent theory of excitation in living matter, which attempts to explain sensation, muscular contraction, and the functions of the central nervous system. Educated

Alonso Carrió de Lavandera: …ciegos caminantes (1775; El Lazarillo: A Guide for Inexperienced Travellers Between Buenos Aires and Lima) was originally attributed to Don Calixto Bustamente, Carrió’s Indian guide and traveling companion. Investigation revealed that Carrió had used a pseudonym to avoid punishment for having been critical of the Spanish regime. Critics have praised…

Lazarillo de Tormes, fictional character, the shrewd and ironic protagonist of La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus furtunas y adversidades (1554; The Life of Lazarillo of Tormes and other translations), by an unknown author. The work is considered the original picaresque

Spain: Spain’s Golden Age in literature: Thus, the hidalgo in the Lazarillo de Tormes (published 1554; doubtfully attributed to Diego Hurtado de Mendoza), the first of the picaresque novels, is down and out but would rather starve than work, and he expects his servant, the boy Lazarillo, to scrounge for them both. In Don Quixote (published…

Alonso Carrió de Lavandera: …ciegos caminantes (1775; El Lazarillo: A Guide for Inexperienced Travellers Between Buenos Aires and Lima) was originally attributed to Don Calixto Bustamente, Carrió’s Indian guide and traveling companion. Investigation revealed that Carrió had used a pseudonym to avoid punishment for having been critical of the Spanish regime. Critics have praised…

Vincentian, member of a Roman Catholic society of priests and brothers founded at Paris in 1625 by St. Vincent de Paul for the purpose of preaching missions to the poor country people and training young men in seminaries for the priesthood. To its original work the congregation has added extensive

Lazarillo de Tormes, fictional character, the shrewd and ironic protagonist of La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus furtunas y adversidades (1554; The Life of Lazarillo of Tormes and other translations), by an unknown author. The work is considered the original picaresque

Nazas River: …of the Laguna District, the Lázaro Cárdenas and Francisco Zarco dams were built across the Nazas in Durango, controlling the river and significantly reducing its flow. Several large cities, including Lerdo, Gómez Palacio, and Torreón, lie on the river’s banks.

Irving Layton was a Romanian-born poet, who treated the Jewish Canadian experience with rebellious vigour. Layton’s family immigrated to Canada in 1913. He attended Macdonald College (B.Sc., 1939) and McGill University (M.A., 1946). After serving in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II,

Paul Felix Lazarsfeld was an Austrian-born American sociologist whose studies of the mass media’s influence on society became classics in his field. Lazarsfeld was educated at the University of Vienna and took his Ph.D. there (1925) in applied mathematics. His interest having turned to applied

David Bowie: …he also cowrote the musical Lazarus (premiered 2015), which was inspired by The Man Who Fell to Earth, and he was the subject of a blockbuster art exhibition, David Bowie Is (opened 2013).

Ping Chong: …first independent stage performance, titled Lazarus, a multimedia play that deals with cultural alienation when it places Lazarus, the biblical figure who was raised from the dead, in 1970s New York City. Chong formed his own company, initially called the Fiji Theatre Company (now Ping Chong & Company), in 1975.…

Lazarus: Lazarus is also the name given by the Gospel According to Luke (16:19–31) to the beggar in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus. It is the only proper name attached to a character in the parables of Jesus.

Lazarus, (“God Has Helped”), either of two figures mentioned in the New Testament. The miraculous story of Lazarus being brought back to life by Jesus is known from the Gospel According to John (11:1–45). Lazarus of Bethany was the brother of Martha and Mary and lived at Bethany, near Jerusalem.

Donald Glover: Acting, writing, and producing career: …in the sci-fi horror film The Lazarus Effect, played a singer in the stripper comedy Magic Mike XXL, and memorably portrayed an astrodynamics scientist in Ridley Scott’s The Martian (all 2015).

Irving Pichel: Acting: …first production of Eugene O’Neill’s Lazarus Laughed, and Pichel earned acclaim for his performance in the title role. Two years later he signed with Paramount as an actor, and he worked steadily throughout the 1930s, appearing in nearly 60 movies. His credits included An American Tragedy (1931), Madame Butterfly (1932),…

Lazarus, (“God Has Helped”), either of two figures mentioned in the New Testament. The miraculous story of Lazarus being brought back to life by Jesus is known from the Gospel According to John (11:1–45). Lazarus of Bethany was the brother of Martha and Mary and lived at Bethany, near Jerusalem.

Aleksandar Hemon: The Lazarus Project (2008) intertwined two stories of eastern European immigrants to Chicago. Vladimir Brik, a Bosnian immigrant writer and the novel’s narrator, becomes obsessed with a murder case from nearly a century earlier in which Lazarus Averbuch, a young Russian Jew, was shot and…

Emma Lazarus was an American poet and essayist best known for her sonnet “The New Colossus,” written to the Statue of Liberty. Born into a cultured family of Sephardic (Spanish Jewish) stock, Lazarus learned languages and the classics at an early age. She early displayed a talent for poetry, and

Fred Lazarus, Jr. was an American merchandiser who parlayed his family’s small but successful department store into a $1.3 billion holding company known as Federated Department Stores. At age 10 Lazarus began selling in his family’s department store, F. & R. Lazarus, in Columbus, Ohio. At 18 he

Newhouse family: …as a clerk for Judge Herman Lazarus in Bayonne, N.J., when Lazarus took over a failing newspaper, the Bayonne Times. Lazarus asked Newhouse, then 17, to take care of the paper. Newhouse cut costs while working for more advertising and wider circulation, and within one year the newspaper was making…

Moritz Lazarus was a Jewish philosopher and psychologist, a leading opponent of anti-Semitism in his time and a founder of comparative psychology. The son of a rabbinical scholar, Lazarus studied Hebrew literature and history, law, and philosophy at Berlin. He served as professor at Bern (1860–66),

Los Zetas: …was captured the following year, Heriberto Lazcano (also known as El Lazco or Z3) took over the leadership of the group.

textile: Two-bar: Lease (or laze) rods are used to separate the warp yarns, forming a shed and aiding the hands in keeping the yarns separated and in order. Lease rods were found in some form on every later type of improved loom, and their use at this…

Jesse William Lazear was an American physician and member of the commission that proved that the infectious agent of yellow fever is transmitted by a mosquito, later known as Aëdes aegypti. Lazear received his medical degree (1892) from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University.

On Her Majesty’s Secret Service: …movie opens with Bond (George Lazenby) in Portugal, where he is searching for Blofeld (Telly Savalas), head of the criminal organization SPECTRE. While there, Bond saves a young woman named Tracy (Diana Rigg) from committing suicide. That evening at a casino, she loses at baccarat, but Bond covers her…

Lazio, regione, west-central Italy, fronting the Tyrrhenian Sea and comprising the provinces of Roma, Frosinone, Latina, Rieti, and Viterbo. In the east Lazio is dominated by the Reatini, Sabini, Simbruini, and Ernici ranges of the central Apennines, rising to 7,270 feet (2,216 metres) at Mount

Zamoyski Family: Tomasz Lazninski bought an estate there called Zamość, and his sons Florian (died 1510) and Maciej began to use the name Zamoyski. Florian’s grandson Stanisław was the first member of the family to serve as a senator. The Zamoyskis’ rise to power dates from the…

lazulite, phosphate mineral, a basic magnesium and aluminum phosphate [MgAl2 (PO4)2(OH)2], that often occurs as blue, glassy crystals, grains, or masses in granite pegmatites, aluminous metamorphic rocks and quartzites, and quartz veins. It is found in Werfen, Austria; Västarå, Sweden; Mocalno,

Laz language, unwritten language spoken along the coast of the Black Sea in Georgia and in the adjacent areas of Turkey. Some scholars believe Laz and the closely related Mingrelian language to be dialects of the Svan language rather than independent languages. Both Laz and Mingrelian have made a

lazurite, blue variety of the mineral sodalite (q.v.) that is responsible for the colour of lapis

amblyopia: …forcing the use of the weaker eye, often by carefully covering the stronger eye with a patch. However, despite the availability of effective treatments, amblyopia remains a major cause of childhood-onset reduced vision. Vision screening is an essential means of identifying children at risk of developing amblyopia.

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo: Early life: His mother entrusted Giambattista to Gregorio Lazzarini, a painter of decorative, academic taste, who taught his young pupil the basic techniques of his profession. Tiepolo was drawn to a melancholic style with strong contrasts of light and shade, or chiaroscuro. Such strong shadings of light and dark, coupled with a…

Sophia Loren is an Italian film actress who rose above her poverty-stricken origins in postwar Naples to become universally recognized as one of Italy’s most beautiful women and its most famous movie star. Before working in the cinema, Sofia Scicolone changed her last name to Lazzaro for work in

Naples: Naples from the Angevins to the Risorgimento: …while the Neapolitan poor, the lazzaroni, abandoned by their sovereign, remained vigorously if incomprehensibly monarchist. The nobly conceived Parthenopean Republic collapsed in a welter of blood. A punitive return by the Bourbons and the execution or exile of the republicans make the year 1799 a tragic epoch in the Neapolitan…

Grover Cleveland Alexander: …out future Hall of Famer Tony Lazzeri. He then pitched scoreless eighth and ninth innings to clinch the title for the Cardinals. Alexander spent three more seasons with the Cardinals and one with the Phillies before he was released in 1930. He then played for the House of David team…

lazzo, improvised comic dialogue or action in the commedia dell’arte. The word may have derived from lacci (Italian: “connecting link”), comic interludes performed by the character Arlecchino (Harlequin) between scenes, but is more likely a derivation of le azioni (“actions”). Lazzi were one of the

lazzo, improvised comic dialogue or action in the commedia dell’arte. The word may have derived from lacci (Italian: “connecting link”), comic interludes performed by the character Arlecchino (Harlequin) between scenes, but is more likely a derivation of le azioni (“actions”). Lazzi were one of the

pound, unit of avoirdupois weight, equal to 16 ounces, 7,000 grains, or 0.45359237 kg, and of troy and apothecaries’ weight, equal to 12 ounces, 5,760 grains, or 0.3732417216 kg. The Roman ancestor of the modern pound, the libra, is the source of the abbreviation lb. In medieval England several

Lloyds Banking Group, one of the largest comprehensive commercial banks in the United Kingdom, with subsidiary banks in other countries. It is also a major insurance company. Lloyds Banking Group is headquartered in London. The bank was established as Taylor and Lloyd in 1765 and renamed Lloyds and

Lyndon B. Johnson was the 36th president of the United States (1963–69). A moderate Democrat and vigorous leader in the United States Senate, Johnson was elected vice president in 1960 and acceded to the presidency in 1963 upon the assassination of Pres. John F. Kennedy. During his administration

Rob Reiner: Later films: …turned to political topics with LBJ (2016), a biopic about Lyndon B. Johnson’s rise to the U.S. presidency, and Shock and Awe (2017), about a group of reporters covering the impending invasion of Iraq in 2003. He also played the journalists’ boss in the latter film.

LBK culture, Neolithic culture that expanded over large areas of Europe north and west of the Danube River (from Slovakia to the Netherlands) about the 5th millennium bc. Farmers probably practiced a form of shifting cultivation on the loess soil. Emmer wheat and barley were grown, and domestic

leveraged buyout (LBO), acquisition strategy whereby a company is purchased by another company using borrowed money such as bonds or loans. In numerous cases, leveraged buyouts (LBOs) have been used by managers to buy out shareholders to gain control over the company, and the strategy played an

Pakistan: The Indus River plain: …the World Bank, constructed the Left Bank Outfall Drain (LBOD) in the 1980s and ’90s. The intent was to build a large artificial waterway roughly east of and parallel to the Indus to carry salt water from the plains of Punjab and Sindh provinces to the Arabian Sea coast in…

Large Binocular Telescope Observatory (LBTO), observatory consisting of two 8.4-metre (28-foot) telescopes located on Mount Graham (3,221 metres [10,567 feet]) in Arizona, U.S. The two telescopes combined have the resolution of a telescope with a mirror 22.8 metres (74.8 feet) across. Construction

cricket: Methods of dismissal: The batsman is out “leg before wicket” (lbw) if he intercepts with any part of his person (except his hand) that is in line between wicket and wicket a ball that has not first touched his bat or his hand and that has or would have pitched (hit the…

chemical analysis: Chromatography: …a liquid, the technique is liquid chromatography; if it is a gas, the technique is gas chromatography.

endangered species: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: …status in the near future Least Concern (LC), a category containing species that are pervasive and abundant after careful assessment Data Deficient (DD), a condition applied to species in which the amount of available data related to its risk of extinction is lacking in some way. Consequently, a complete assessment…

Library of Congress Classification, system of library organization developed during the reorganization of the U.S. Library of Congress. It consists of separate, mutually exclusive, special classifications, often having no connection save the accidental one of alphabetical notation. Unlike the Dewey

Charlotte Perriand: Collaborations with Le Corbusier: …tilting back”; also identified as LC1), the “Fauteuil Grand Confort” easy chair (1928; LC2 and LC3), and the chaise lounge (1928; LC4). Because of Le Corbusier’s towering reputation, he is often given sole credit for the conception and design of the chairs. However, as with any highly collaborative undertaking, giving…

Charlotte Perriand: Collaborations with Le Corbusier: …and the chaise lounge (1928; LC4). Because of Le Corbusier’s towering reputation, he is often given sole credit for the conception and design of the chairs. However, as with any highly collaborative undertaking, giving credit to any single individual is problematic. Perriand acknowledged that he had defined the framework of…

vitamin D: …a component of bile called lithocholic acid (LCA)—a substance implicated in colorectal cancer that is produced during the breakdown of fats in the digestive tract—bind to the same cellular receptor. Binding of either substance to the receptor results in increased production of an enzyme that facilitates the metabolism and detoxification…

Lutheran Church in America, Lutheran church in North America that in 1988 merged with two other Lutheran churches to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America

amphibious vehicle: … took delivery of its first LCAC (“landing craft, air cushion”) in 1984, and 90 more would enter service over subsequent years. Although boasting lighter armament than the LVT and its descendants—its twin gun mounts could support light or heavy machine guns or 40-mm grenade launchers—the LCAC’s range and versatility made…

chemical bonding: Molecular orbital theory: …which is known as the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) approximation, each MO is constructed from a superposition of atomic orbitals belonging to the atoms in the molecule. The size of the contribution of an orbital from a particular atom indicates the probability that the electron will be found…

London: The City Corporation: …London as a whole, the London County Council (LCC). However, the City Corporation successfully lobbied to preserve its autonomy and secured the creation of a second tier of elected local governments, the metropolitan boroughs, to function as a political counterweight to the LCC.

liquid crystal display (LCD), electronic display device that operates by applying a varying electric voltage to a layer of liquid crystal, thereby inducing changes in its optical properties. LCDs are commonly used for portable electronic games, as viewfinders for digital cameras and camcorders, in

Lesotho: Political crisis: …formed his own party, the Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD). The LCD overwhelmingly won the general elections of May 1998, and, upon Mokhehle’s resignation, Pakalitha Mosisili became prime minister. Although claims of voting fraud were raised, the election was declared free and fair by many international observers. Opposition parties protesting…

landing craft: …Tank, mounted with rockets, and LCG(L) designated a Landing Craft, Gun (Large), a craft equipped with two 4.7-inch (119-mm) naval guns to engage fortified beach defenses with direct fire.

metabolic disease: Fatty acid oxidation defects: Long-chain 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency may present with heart failure, hypoglycemia, multi-organ system failure, and retinal pigmentary changes. A fetus with LCHAD deficiency can induce liver disease during pregnancy in a mother who is a heterozygous carrier for the condition. This appears to be due…

landing craft: The resulting Landing Craft, Infantry (Large), called the LCI, was a 158-foot (48-metre) vessel with the capacity to carry 200 infantrymen on a 48-hour passage—more than enough time to cross small bodies of water such as the English Channel. The LCI did not have the standard bow…

Crédit Lyonnais, Le (LCL), major French commercial bank noted for providing financial services throughout the world and for aggressive acquisitions in the late 20th century. The bank is headquartered in Paris. Originally called Crédit Lyonnais, it was founded by Henri Germain on July 6, 1863, in

arithmetic: Fundamental theory: …of the numbers, called their least common multiple (LCM).

Las Campanas Observatory (LCO), astronomical observatory established in 1969 in the Atacama desert of Chile at an altitude of 2,282 metres (7,487 feet). It is owned by the Carnegie Institution for Science, an American private research centre. The region is well known for its remarkably clear skies

nuclear power: Economics: …industry is known as the levelized cost of electricity, or LCOE, which is the cost of generating one kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity averaged over the lifetime of the power plant. The LCOE is also known as the “busbar cost,” as it represents the cost of the electricity up to the…

LCROSS, U.S. spacecraft that was deliberately crashed into the Moon on October 9, 2009, resulting in the discovery of subsurface water. LCROSS was launched on June 18, 2009, from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on an Atlas rocket that also carried the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), a spacecraft

warship: Amphibians: Navy called the LCT (landing craft, tank), was carried over oceanic distances and launched at the time of assault. The LCT was too large to fit the davit of a conventional transport, so a new type of ship, the LSD (landing ship, dock), was created specifically to carry it.…

landing craft: The LCT Mk4 was capable of carrying and deploying six medium tanks. This vessel was used extensively at Normandy.

landing craft: For example, LCT(R) designated a Landing Craft, Tank, mounted with rockets, and LCG(L) designated a Landing Craft, Gun (Large), a craft equipped with two 4.7-inch (119-mm) naval guns to engage fortified beach defenses with direct fire.

Lutheran Council in the United States of America (LCUSA), cooperative agency for four Lutheran churches whose membership included about 95 percent of all Lutherans in the U.S., established Jan. 1, 1967, as a successor to the National Lutheran Council (NLC). The member churches were the Lutheran

landing craft: …the basic design for the Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP), often simply called the Higgins boat. The LCVP could carry 36 combat-equipped infantrymen or 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of cargo from ship to shore. During World War II the United States produced 23,398 of the craft. The British version of…

Sister Simone Campbell: …though informal role in the Leadership Conference of Women Religious (LCWR), a coalition representing the majority of American sisters. Campbell was also active on international issues and took part in religious delegations to Chiapas, Mexico (1996), Iraq (2002), Syria (2008), and Lebanon (2008).

Austria: Manufacturing: …the basic oxygen process, or LD process, originally named for the cities of Linz and Donawitz (the latter now part of Leoben); it is used under license by steelworks throughout the world. A considerable portion of Austria’s iron and steel industry is involved with construction abroad. Iron and steel firms…

drug: Dose-response relationship: …result being expressed as the median lethal dose (LD50), which is defined as the dose causing mortality in 50 percent of a group of animals.

therapeutic index, margin of safety that exists between the dose of a drug that produces the desired effect and the dose that produces unwanted and possibly dangerous side effects. This relationship is defined as the ratio LD50:ED50, where LD50 is the dose at which a drug kills 50 percent of a test

Lithuania: Independence restored: …Party, which renamed itself the Lithuanian Democratic Labour Party (LDLP), won 73 of 141 seats. Despite its victory, the LDLP did not seek to reverse policies. Instead, the government liberalized the economy, joined the Council of Europe, became an associate member of the Western European Union, and pursued membership in…

Kosovo: Political process: …main Kosovar Albanian parties, the Democratic League of Kosovo (Lidhja Demokratike e Kosovës; LDK) and the Democratic Party of Kosovo (Partia Demokratike e Kosovës; PDK), formed independent Kosovo’s first coalition government, with Hashim Thaçi of the PDK as prime minister and Fatmir Sejdiu of the LDK as president. The LDK…

atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology: …more and more fatty materials—primarily low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), protein-lipid complexes that serve as a vehicle for delivering cholesterol to the body—immune cells called macrophages are drawn to the site to scavenge the materials. When filled with lipids, the macrophages become known as “foam cells,” which later die and accumulate in…

Lithuania: Independence restored: …Party, which renamed itself the Lithuanian Democratic Labour Party (LDLP), won 73 of 141 seats. Despite its victory, the LDLP did not seek to reverse policies. Instead, the government liberalized the economy, joined the Council of Europe, became an associate member of the Western European Union, and pursued membership in…

Liberal-Democratic Party of Japan (LDP), Japan’s largest political party, which has held power almost continuously since its formation in 1955. The party has generally worked closely with business interests and followed a pro-U.S. foreign policy. During nearly four decades of uninterrupted power

Rolandas Paksas: Paksas founded the centre-right Liberal Democratic Party (Liberalų Demokratų Partija; LDP) in March 2002. Under its banner, he won the presidency of Lithuania in the second round of elections on Jan. 5, 2003, with 54.7 percent of the vote. His success came as a surprise to many. All the…

Raila Odinga: Political maneuvers: …left KANU and formed the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).