The Small House at Allington, novel by Anthony Trollope, published serially in The Cornhill Magazine from September 1862 to April 1864 and in two volumes in 1864, the fifth of his six Barsetshire

small intestine, a long, narrow, folded or coiled tube extending from the stomach to the large intestine; it is the region where most digestion and absorption of food takes place. It is about 6.7 to 7.6 metres (22 to 25 feet) long, highly convoluted, and contained in the central and lower abdominal

E.F. Schumacher: In his book Small Is Beautiful (1973), he argued that capitalism brought higher living standards at the cost of deteriorating culture. His belief that natural resources should be conserved led him to conclude that bigness—in particular, large industries and large cities—would lead to the depletion of those resources.

minuscule, in calligraphy, lowercase letters in most alphabets, in contrast to majuscule (uppercase or capital) letters. Minuscule letters cannot be fully contained between two real or imaginary parallel lines, since they have ascending stems (ascenders) on the letters b, d, f, h, k, and l, and

Magellanic Cloud: …diameter, and the other, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), measures less than 2° across. The Magellanic Clouds are visible to the unaided eye in the Southern Hemisphere, but they cannot be observed from most northern latitudes. The LMC is about 160,000 light-years from Earth, and the SMC lies 190,000 light-years…

SMART-1, first lunar probe of the European Space Agency. SMART-1 was launched on Sept. 27, 2003. The 367-kg (809-pound) probe had a xenon-ion engine that generated only 7 grams (0.2 ounce) of thrust, but it was sufficient to nudge SMART-1 from its first stop (the first Lagrangian point between

nucleic acid: Splicing: …consists of a number of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) that contain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).

nucleic acid: Other RNAs: For example, small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are involved in RNA splicing (see below), and other small RNAs that form part of the enzymes telomerase or ribonuclease P are part of ribonucleoprotein particles. The RNA component of telomerase contains a short sequence that serves as a template for…

probability theory: The Poisson approximation: The weak law of large numbers and the central limit theorem give information about the distribution of the proportion of successes in a large number of independent trials when the probability of success on each trial is p. In the mathematical formulation of…

Albrecht Dürer: Development after the second Italian trip: …and 1511 he produced the Small Passion in woodcuts. Both of these works are characterized by their tendency toward spaciousness and serenity. During 1513 and 1514 Dürer created the greatest of his copperplate engravings: the Knight, Death and Devil, St. Jerome in His Study, and Melencolia I—all of approximately the…

Jamaica Kincaid: A Small Place (1988), a three-part essay, continued her depiction of Antigua and her rage at its despoliation. Kincaid’s treatment of the themes of family relationships, personhood, and the taint of colonialism reached a fierce pitch in The Autobiography of My Mother (1996) and My…

Madeleine L’Engle: …before publishing her first book, The Small Rain (1945), a novel about an aspiring pianist who chooses her art over personal relationships. After writing her first children’s book, And Both Were Young (1949), she began a series of juvenile fictional works about the Austin family—Meet the Austins (1960), The Moon…

rice rat: … (Oecomys), dark rice rats (Melanomys), small rice rats (Microryzomys), and pygmy rice rats (Oligoryzomys), among others. All belong to the subfamily Sigmodontinae of the “true” mouse and rat family Muridae within the order Rodentia.

scabious: Major species: Small scabious (S. columbaria; also known as dwarf pincushion flower), from Eurasia and Africa, reaches 60 cm (24 inches). It is a perennial with toothed elongate oval basal leaves and cut stem leaves. The light blue flowers are 3.5 cm (about 1.5 inches) across.

Tom Kilburn: The computer was called the Small Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM) or just “Baby.” It was the world’s first working stored-program computer, and the Williams tube became one of the two standard methods of storage used by computers worldwide until the advent of magnetic-core storage in the mid-1950s. By April 1949…

small body, any natural solar system object other than the Sun and the major planets and dwarf planets and their satellites (moons). The small bodies populate the solar system in vast numbers and include the mostly rocky asteroids, or minor planets, the predominantly icy comets, and the fragments

measurement system: The Egyptians: …or three palms, equaled a small span. Fourteen digits, or one-half a cubit, equaled a large span. Sixteen digits, or four palms, made one t’ser. Twenty-four digits, or six palms, were a small cubit.

New Jersey Plan, one of two major competing proposals for the structure and functioning of the United States government that were introduced at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 in Philadelphia. Put forth in June by William Paterson, the head of the New Jersey delegation, the New Jersey Plan

mechanics of solids: Strain and strain-displacement relations: …to this situation, are called small strain or infinitesimal strain. Expressions for strain will also be given that are valid for rotations and fractional length changes of arbitrary magnitude; such expressions are called finite strain.

teasel: Major species: Shepherd’s rod, or small teasel (D. pilosus), native to Europe, has a globe-shaped flower head and white blooms with violet anthers.

Abu Simbel, site of two temples built by the Egyptian king Ramses II (reigned 1279–13 bce), now located in Aswān muḥāfaẓah (governorate), southern Egypt. In ancient times the area was at the southern frontier of pharaonic Egypt, facing Nubia. The four colossal statues of Ramses in front of the main

Woody Allen: 2000 and beyond: Small Time Crooks (2000) was a modest comedy starring Allen and Tracey Ullman as a married couple whose elaborate (but essentially absurd) bank robbery plan predictably goes off the rails. The Curse of the Jade Scorpion (2001), a B-movie tribute set in the New York…

William Wellman: Films of the early to mid-1930s: …appearances; and the love story Small Town Girl (1936), which teamed Robert Taylor and Janet Gaynor.

Heinrich Mann: …provincial schoolmaster, Professor Unrat (1905; Small Town Tyrant), became widely known through its film version Der blaue Engel (1928; The Blue Angel). His Kaiserreich trilogy—consisting of Die Armen (1917; The Poor); Der Untertan (1918; The Patrioteer); and Der Kopf (1925; The Chief)—carries even further his indictment of the

Irving Penn: …created in 1950–51, collectively called Small Trades, was of labourers in New York, Paris, and London formally posed in their work clothes and holding the tools of their trade. This project eventually extended to places such as Nepal, New Guinea, Dahomey (now Benin), and Morocco. Penn’s later platinum prints of…

undersea exploration: Platforms: …use include that of the Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) variety. This design type requires the use of twin submerged, streamlined hulls to support a structure that rides above the water surface. The deck shape is entirely unconstrained by the hull shape, as is the case for conventional surface…

Barbara Kingsolver: …Now or Never (1995) and Small Wonder (2002) contain observations on nature, family life, and world events. In Animal, Vegetable, Miracle (2007), Kingsolver expounded upon the environmental consequences of human consumption and used anecdotes from her own experiences eating only locally grown food to propose an alternate means of subsistence.…

David Lodge: …Tale of Two Campuses (1975), Small World: An Academic Romance (1984), and Nice Work (1988). The latter two were short-listed for the Booker Prize. Among his later novels were Paradise News (1991), Therapy (1995), Thinks… (2001), and Deaf Sentence (2008). Author, Author (2004) and A Man of Parts (2011) are…

South African literature: In Afrikaans: …vernacular of the Cape Coloureds, Adam Small was the most talented.

Albion W. Small was a sociologist who won recognition in the United States for sociology as an academic discipline with professional standards. In 1892 he became the first professor of sociology in the United States, at the University of Chicago, where he organized the first U.S. sociology

Albion W. Small was a sociologist who won recognition in the United States for sociology as an academic discipline with professional standards. In 1892 he became the first professor of sociology in the United States, at the University of Chicago, where he organized the first U.S. sociology

ska: …for “My Boy Lollipop” by Millie Small, a Jamaican singer based in London, and for hits by Prince Buster and by Desmond Dekker and the Aces. In the 1970s ska was a significant influence on British pop culture, and so-called groups (whose name derived from both the suits they wore…

Thomas Jefferson: Early years: …influences on his learning were William Small, a Scottish-born teacher of mathematics and science, and George Wythe, the leading legal scholar in Virginia. From them Jefferson learned a keen appreciation of supportive mentors, a concept he later institutionalized at the University of Virginia. He read law with Wythe from 1762…

nanoparticle: Detection, characterization, and isolation: …small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), along with their surface-specific analogues GISAXS and GISANS, where GI is “grazing incidence,” and X-ray or neutron reflectometry (XR/NR). The advantage of those techniques is that they are able to simultaneously sample and average very large numbers of nanoparticles and often…

lung cancer: Small-cell lung cancer: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), also called oat-cell carcinoma, is rarely found in people who have never smoked. It is characterized by cells that are small and round, oval, or shaped like oat grains. SCLC is the most aggressive type of lung cancer;…

lung cancer: Small-cell lung cancer: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), also called oat-cell carcinoma, is rarely found in people who have never smoked. It is characterized by cells that are small and round, oval, or shaped like oat grains. SCLC is the most aggressive type of lung cancer;…

canine: Paleontology and classification: Atelocynus (small-eared zorro) 1 species of South America. Genus Cerdocyon (crab-eating fox) 1 species of South America. Genus Chrysocyon (maned wolf) 1 species of South America.

barrel cactus: Almost as large is the small-flowered fishhook cactus (S. parviflorus) native to the Colorado Plateau. The remaining species of small cacti grow in widely scattered colonies.

hedgehog cactus: The small-flowered hedgehog cactus (Echinocereus viridiflorus), with small fragrant green to brown flowers, is the northernmost group, growing from Mexico to Wyoming and South Dakota. The claret cup (E. triglochidiatus) ranges from north of Mexico City to northern Utah and southern

cranberry: Major species: The small-fruited, or northern, cranberry (V. oxycoccos) is found in marshy land in northern North America and Asia and in northern and central Europe and is of local importance.

balloon fly, (family Acroceridae), any member of a family of flies in the insect order Diptera that are named for their swollen abdomen. It is also characterized by an extremely small head and a humped back. Some adults have a slender proboscis (feeding organ) and feed from flowers, whereas others

linden: Major species: Small-leaf, or little-leaf, linden (T. cordata), a European tree, is widely planted as a street tree. The hybrid Crimean linden (T. euchlora, a cross between T. cordata and T. dasystyla), which grows up to 20 metres (66 feet) in height, has yielded a graceful pyramidal…

industry: Secondary industry: Light, or small-scale, industry may be characterized by the nondurability of manufactured products and a smaller capital investment in plants and equipment, and it may involve nonstandard products, such as customized or craft work. The labour force may be either low skilled, as in textile…

Deborah Meier: …and founder of the “small-schools movement,” a vision of education as a cooperative investment of teachers, parents, students, and community.

xiaozhuan, in Chinese calligraphy, a standardized and simplified form of the earlier dazhuan script, in which all lines are of even thickness and curves and circles are relatively predominant. Its development during the Qin dynasty (221–206 bc) is traditionally attributed to Li Si, a minister of

genet: small-spotted genet (G. genetta), which also occurs in western Asia and southern Europe, they are found only in Africa. Genets live alone or in pairs and are active mainly at night. They frequent forests, grasslands, and brush and are as agile in the trees as…

smallage, (Apium graveolens), wild celery; strongly scented, erect, biennial herb of the carrot family (Apiaceae, or Umbelliferae) widely distributed in moist places within the temperate zones, and grown for use as a flavouring similar to celery. In traditional medicine, smallage roots are used as

SCSI, once-common standard for connecting peripheral devices (disks, modems, printers, etc.) to small and medium-sized computers. SCSI has given way to faster standards, such as FireWire and USB (Universal Serial

Dutch elm disease: …fungus normally occurs by the smaller European elm bark beetle (Scolytus multistriatus), less commonly by the American elm bark beetle (Hylurgopinus rufipes). Female beetles seek out dead or weakened elm wood to excavate an egg-laying gallery between the bark and the wood. If the fungus is present, tremendous numbers of…

smaller water strider, (the latter name derives from the fact that the body, widest at the middle or hind legs, tapers to the abdomen, giving the impression of broad shoulders), any of the approximately 300 species of the insect family Veliidae (order Heteroptera). Smaller water striders—which may

Richard E. Smalley was an American chemist and physicist, who shared the 1996 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Robert F. Curl, Jr., and Sir Harold W. Kroto for their joint discovery of carbon-60 (C60, or buckminsterfullerene) and the fullerenes. Smalley received a Ph.D. from Princeton University in

Richard E. Smalley was an American chemist and physicist, who shared the 1996 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Robert F. Curl, Jr., and Sir Harold W. Kroto for their joint discovery of carbon-60 (C60, or buckminsterfullerene) and the fullerenes. Smalley received a Ph.D. from Princeton University in

James Corden: …and its sequel (2021); and Smallfoot (2018). In addition, he provided the voice of an artificial intelligence in the comedy Superintelligence (2020), starring Melissa McCarthy. In 2019 Corden appeared in Cats, a film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber’s hugely successful stage musical. He later was cast in

Hungary: Political process: …Forum, Alliance of Free Democrats, Independent Smallholders’ Party, Christian Democratic People’s Party, Federation of Young Democrats (Fiatal Demokraták Szövetsége; Fidesz), and Hungarian Socialist Party—the latter being the party of reformed ex-communists. The same six parties were returned to Parliament in 1994, and for the following decade most of them remained…

black bass: …of them, the largemouth and smallmouth basses (M. salmoides and M. dolomieu), have been introduced in other countries and are prized as hard-fighting game fishes.

black bass: …of them, the largemouth and smallmouth basses (M. salmoides and M. dolomieu), have been introduced in other countries and are prized as hard-fighting game fishes.

smallpox, acute infectious disease that begins with a high fever, headache, and back pain and then proceeds to an eruption on the skin that leaves the face and limbs covered with cratered pockmarks, or pox. For centuries smallpox was one of the world’s most-dreaded plagues, killing as many as 30

smallpox vaccine, preparation of vaccinia virus given to prevent smallpox. Vaccinia virus is a type of poxvirus that is closely related to variola major, the virus that causes smallpox, and exposure to vaccinia provides cross immunity against smallpox. The smallpox vaccine is effective in

Robert Smalls was an American war hero and politician who, during the American Civil War, commandeered a Confederate ship to escape from the South and later became the first Black captain of a vessel in U.S. service. He served multiple terms (1875–79, 1882–83, and 1884–87) as a congressman from

computer science: Programming languages: …original object-oriented language was called Smalltalk, in which all programs were represented as collections of objects communicating with each other via message-passing. An object is a set of data together with the methods (functions) that can transform that data. Encapsulation refers to the fact that an object’s data can be…

sand shark: …smalltooth sand tiger shark (O. ferox) and the bigeye sand tiger shark (O. noronhai)—are largely deepwater species. Smalltooth sand tigers spend more time than bigeye sand tigers in shallow waters near islands and coastlines. The smalltooth sand tiger is the largest of the three sand shark species, commonly measuring…

sawfish: In 2015 the smalltooth sawfish (P. pectinata) was observed to have the ability to reproduce via parthenogenesis (a condition in which an unfertilized egg develops into an embryo). The species was one of the first vertebrate groups found to be capable of parthenogenesis in the wild. The strategy…

Aquaman: …in the live-action television drama Smallville (2001) and as the featured character in the made-for-TV movie Aquaman (2006). Jason Momoa portrayed Aquaman in Justice League (2017), the character’s feature film debut. Momoa reprised the role for Aquaman (2018), a film that met generally positive reviews and, with more than $1.1…

Joseph Roberts Smallwood was a Canadian politician who vigorously campaigned for Newfoundland’s admission into Canada and who, one day after Newfoundland became the country’s 10th province (March 31, 1949), became its premier (1949–72). From 1920 to 1925 Smallwood worked in New York City for a

Joseph Roberts Smallwood was a Canadian politician who vigorously campaigned for Newfoundland’s admission into Canada and who, one day after Newfoundland became the country’s 10th province (March 31, 1949), became its premier (1949–72). From 1920 to 1925 Smallwood worked in New York City for a

smaltite, a cobalt-rich, arsenic-poor member of a series of cobalt nickel arsenide minerals (see

Bhaishajya-guru, in Mahayana Buddhism, the healing buddha (“enlightened one”), widely worshipped in Tibet, China, and Japan. According to popular belief in those countries, some illnesses are effectively cured by merely touching his image or calling out his name. More serious illnesses, however,

Western Sahara: History: …1902 constructed the town of Semara at an inland oasis. Cape Juby (Ṭarfāyah) was occupied for Spain by Col. Francisco Bens in 1916, Güera was occupied in 1920, and Semara and the rest of the interior were occupied in 1934.

shrike-vireo: The slaty-capped shrike-vireo (Vireolanius leucotis) of northern South America is a heavily built forest bird with an olive green back and a slaty gray head punctuated with yellow. Much more subdued in colouring, the chestnut-sided shrike-vireo (V. melitophrys) is greenish brown above and white below, with…

smart bomb, type of precision-guided munition. Like a regular bomb, a smart bomb falls to the target solely by the force of gravity, but its fins or wings have control surfaces that move in response to guidance commands, enabling adjustments to be made to the angle of the bomb’s descent or the

money: Electronic money: …second form of EFT, “smart cards” (also known as stored-value cards), contain a computer chip that can make and receive payments while recording each new balance on the card. Users purchase the smart card (usually with currency or deposits) and can use it in place of currency. The issuer…

Digital handshakes for specific conditions.How much do you know about decentralized applications, known as dApps? What about smart contracts? If both of these concepts feel new to you, that’s perfectly understandable; they have a relatively new—but growing—set of use cases for cryptocurrency

smart drug, any of a group of pharmaceutical agents used to improve the intellectual capacity of persons suffering from neurological diseases and psychological disorders. The use of such drugs by healthy individuals in order to improve concentration, to study longer, and to better manage stress is

nanotechnology: Nanomaterials: …new electronic, photonic, and magnetic nanosensors, sometimes known as “smart dust.” Because of their small size, nanosensors exhibit unprecedented speed and sensitivity, extending in some cases down to the detection of single molecules. For example, nanowires made of carbon nanotubes, silicon, or other semiconductor materials exhibit exceptional sensitivity to chemical…

smart grid, a secure, integrated, reconfigurable, electronically controlled system used to deliver electric power that operates in parallel with a traditional power grid. Although many of its components had been developed, and some implemented, during the early 21st century, as of 2016 no smart

urban sprawl: Smart growth communities: Among the many alternatives to urban sprawl, nearly all can be placed under the umbrella of “smart growth” or “New Urbanism.” Smart growth is a management strategy designed to direct the growth of urban areas, whereas New Urbanism focuses on the physical…

search engine: History: …and Retrieval of Text” (SMART). The breakthrough observation that made SMART a success was that programming an algorithm to search for English syntax was harder—and less useful—than programming it to simply search for semantics (that is, the words in the documents being searched are important, but not their lingual…

smart bomb, type of precision-guided munition. Like a regular bomb, a smart bomb falls to the target solely by the force of gravity, but its fins or wings have control surfaces that move in response to guidance commands, enabling adjustments to be made to the angle of the bomb’s descent or the

Alfred E. Green: Smart Money (1931) was a taut crime yarn starring Edward G. Robinson, with James Cagney and Boris Karloff in support. Robinson was in fine form again in Silver Dollar (1932), a fact-based tale about the founding of Denver, Colorado.

food preservation: Packaging: Smart packages offer properties that meet the special needs of certain foods. For example, packages made with oxygen-absorbing materials remove oxygen from the inside of the package, thus protecting oxygen-sensitive products from oxidation. Temperature-sensitive films exhibit an abrupt change in gas permeability when they are…

Elliot Page: …ensemble cast in the film Smart People. He played the part of Vanessa Wetherhold, a snobbish overachiever determined to attend Stanford University. In 2009 Page’s sole film credit was for Whip It, a story about a Texan teen who begins playing Roller Derby against the wishes of her controlling parents.

smartphone, mobile telephone with a display screen (typically a liquid crystal display, or LCD), built-in personal information management programs (such as an electronic calendar and address book) typically found in a personal digital assistant (PDA), and an operating system (OS) that allows other

iron processing: History: …shorter channels were known as pigs.

Iraq: The UN embargo and oil-for-food program: …introducing what were termed “smart sanctions” that would be directed at prohibiting access to a much smaller, more specific list of materials to Iraq, including weapons and military technology. Iraq, however, refused such a program and again was able to have modifications to the existing sanctions sidelined within the…

H.L. Mencken: …edited (with George Jean Nathan) The Smart Set, a witty urban magazine influential in the growth of American literature, and in 1924 he and Nathan founded the American Mercury, which Mencken edited until 1933.

smartwatch, a small smartphonelike device worn on the wrist. Many smartwatches are connected to a smartphone that notifies the user of incoming calls, e-mail messages, and notifications from applications. Some smartwatches can even make telephone calls. Many smartwatches have colour displays, but

Christopher Smart was an English religious poet, best known for A Song to David (1763), in praise of the author of the Psalms, notable for flashes of childlike penetration and vivid imagination. In some respects his work anticipated that of William Blake and John Clare. After his education at the

Canadian literature: Modern period, 1900–60: Elizabeth Smart’s incantatory novel By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept (1945) is a frank and poetic account of obsessive love.

philosophy of mind: Qualitative states: …emerged in the wake of J.J.C. Smart’s discussions of identity theory is the suggestion that these apparent features of experience are not genuine properties “in the mind” or “in the world” but only the contents of mental representations (perhaps in a language of thought). Because this representationalist strategy may initially…

magic: Comparative religions: …approach, as is that of Ninian Smart, who devised a seven-dimensional (experiential, mythic, doctrinal, ethical, ritual, social, and material) worldview analysis for cross-cultural comparison that can be applied to different belief systems, whether called magic or religion. Likewise, Judaic scholar Jacob Neusner suggested the neutral rubric "modes of rationality" to…

SMART-1, first lunar probe of the European Space Agency. SMART-1 was launched on Sept. 27, 2003. The 367-kg (809-pound) probe had a xenon-ion engine that generated only 7 grams (0.2 ounce) of thrust, but it was sufficient to nudge SMART-1 from its first stop (the first Lagrangian point between

Smarta sect, orthodox Hindu sect composed of members of the “twice-born,” or initiated upper classes (Brahman, Kshatriya, and Vaishya), whose primarily Brahman followers are characterized by their allegiance to all the gods of the Hindu pantheon and by their adherence to rules of ritual and of

Will Arnett: Education and career: …Hayes, he launched the podcast SmartLess, where the three friends engage in good-natured ribbing and have a different guest on each week. Before each episode, the guest is known to only one of the three hosts. “There is no premise to the show,” Arnett told The Associated Press. “We start…

smartphone, mobile telephone with a display screen (typically a liquid crystal display, or LCD), built-in personal information management programs (such as an electronic calendar and address book) typically found in a personal digital assistant (PDA), and an operating system (OS) that allows other

smartwatch, a small smartphonelike device worn on the wrist. Many smartwatches are connected to a smartphone that notifies the user of incoming calls, e-mail messages, and notifications from applications. Some smartwatches can even make telephone calls. Many smartwatches have colour displays, but

Caryophyllales: Polygonaceae: The smartweed or buckwheat family, Polygonaceae, consists of popular vegetables and cultivated ornamentals. The most notable species is buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum); its edible seeds are used sometimes in flour, particularly for buckwheat pancakes, and portions of the plant are frequently included in animal feed.…

Smarty Jones, (foaled 2001), American racehorse (Thoroughbred) who in 2004 won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes but lost at the Belmont Stakes, ending his bid for the Triple Crown of American horse racing. Smarty Jones was foaled at the 100-acre (40-hectare) Someday Farm in Chester

Patricia Barber: Later albums included Smash (2013), which features original material, and Higher (2019), a work of classically inspired original jazz.

the Who: …solo album, the darkly amusing Smash Your Head Against the Wall; Townshend issued his first solo album, Who Came First, in 1972; and Daltrey offered his, Daltrey, in 1973. Still, the Who continued apace, releasing Townshend’s second magnum rock opera, Quadrophenia, in 1973, The Who by Numbers in 1975, and…

Stuart Heisler: Films of the 1940s: ” Smash-Up: The Story of a Woman (1947) was from a Dorothy Parker story and scripted by John Howard Lawson, who would soon be blacklisted as one of the Hollywood Ten. The drama boasted a superb performance by Hayward that earned the actress her first Academy…