Cornelia Adele Strong Fassett was an American painter, perhaps best remembered for her painting of a meeting of the Electoral Commission of 1877 and her portraits of other major political figures of her day. Fassett studied art in New York City and in Europe, where she stayed for three years. She

Jeremy Strong is an American actor best known for playing Kendall Roy in Succession (2018–23), the HBO comedy-drama series that showcases a powerful media-mogul patriarch and his adult children’s desperate attempts to win his approval and succeed him atop the family’s media empire. He is also known

Falkland Islands: History of the Falkland Islands: The English captain John Strong made the first recorded landing in the Falklands, in 1690, and named the sound between the two main islands after Viscount Falkland, a British naval official. The name was later applied to the whole island group. The French navigator Louis-Antoine de Bougainville founded…

Earth Council Alliance: …by Canadian businessman and diplomat Maurice Strong, who served as secretary-general of the Earth Summit. Dedicated to implementing the principles of Agenda 21, the Earth Council from 1992 to 1998 organized more than 80 national councils for sustainable development. In the early 21st century, Strong and American philanthropist Tommy Short…

William Strong was a U.S. Supreme Court justice (1870–80), one of the most respected justices of the 19th-century court. Admitted to the bar in 1832, Strong practiced law in Reading, Pa., and served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1847–51). While sitting on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court

William Duncan Strong was an American anthropologist who studied North and South American Indian cultures and emphasized the value of archaeological data and a historical approach. The son of an attorney for Pacific Coast and Alaskan Indian tribes, Strong was early involved with Indian culture and

nuclear model: …second group, called strong-interaction, or statistical models, the main assumption is that the protons and neutrons are mutually coupled to each other and behave cooperatively in a way that reflects the short-ranged strong nuclear force between them. The liquid-drop model and compound-nucleus model (qq.v.) are examples of this group.

accentual verse, in prosody, a metrical system based only on the number of stresses or accented syllables in a line of verse. In accentual verse the total number of syllables in a line can vary as long as there are the prescribed number of accents. This system is used in Germanic poetry, including

accentual verse, in prosody, a metrical system based only on the number of stresses or accented syllables in a line of verse. In accentual verse the total number of syllables in a line can vary as long as there are the prescribed number of accents. This system is used in Germanic poetry, including

Richard FitzGilbert, 2nd earl of Pembroke was an Anglo-Norman lord whose invasion of Ireland in 1170 initiated the opening phase of the English conquest. The son of Gilbert FitzGilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke, he succeeded to his father’s estates in southern Wales in 1148/49. Pembroke had evidently

Kelly Clarkson: …I Ever Wanted (2009) and Stronger (2011), the latter of which earned her another Grammy Award for best pop vocal album. Powerfully produced singles such as “My Life Would Suck Without You” and “Stronger (What Doesn’t Kill You)” extended her string of hits. Additionally, with the popular ballad “Don’t You…

Olivia Newton-John: Career: The albums Stronger than Before (2005) and Grace and Gratitude (2006) include inspirational and meditative songs. LIV ON (2016) deals with loss and healing. Newton-John also released several Christmas albums, including This Christmas (2012) with Travolta and Friends for Christmas (2016) with British-born Australian singer John Farnham.…

Reba McEntire: Her 33rd studio album, Stronger Than the Truth, was released in 2019. It was followed by the box set Revived Remixed Revisited (2021).

Mary J. Blige: Music career: Stronger with Each Tear (2009) was criticized for its overreliance on guest vocalists and Auto-Tune technology, but Blige rebounded in convincing fashion with My Life II…The Journey Continues (Act I) (2011), which plays to her strengths, balancing soulful ballads with catchy dance tunes that recall…

Hugo Weisgall: …works, The Tenor (1950) and The Stronger (1952), that solidified his reputation as a master of the genre. In 1956 Weisgall completed his first full-length opera, Six Characters in Search of an Author, an adaptation of Luigi Pirandello’s play by that name. His next opera, Purgatory (1958), based on a…

fortification, in military science, any work erected to strengthen a position against attack. Fortifications are usually of two types: permanent and field. Permanent fortifications include elaborate forts and troop shelters and are most often erected in times of peace or upon threat of war. Field

Stromboli Island, northeasternmost of the Eolie (Lipari) Islands, in the Tyrrhenian Sea (of the Mediterranean), off northeastern Sicily. It has an area of 5 square miles (12 square km). Of volcanic formation, the island is still active, and fluid lava flows continuously from its crater to the sea,

otter: Saltwater otters: on the herbivorous urchins (genus Strongylocentrotus) enables kelp forests and the fish associated with them to flourish. However, large numbers of sea otters can deplete shellfish populations, competing with fisheries for crabs, clams, and abalones. Female sea otters give birth in water to only one young at a time, and…

evolution: Gametic isolation: Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and S. franciscanus can be induced to release their eggs and sperm simultaneously, but most of the fertilizations that result are between eggs and sperm of the same species. In animals with internal fertilization, sperm cells may be unable to function in the sexual ducts of…

evolution: Gametic isolation: For example, the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and S. franciscanus can be induced to release their eggs and sperm simultaneously, but most of the fertilizations that result are between eggs and sperm of the same species. In animals with internal fertilization, sperm cells may be unable to function in the…

threadworm, (Strongyloides stercoralis), worm of the phylum Nematoda that is parasitic in the human intestine but is able to live freely and breed in the soil. It is especially common in the moist tropics. Larvae are passed out of the host’s body in the feces. They usually reenter through the skin

strontianite, a strontium carbonate mineral (SrCO3) that is the original and principal source of strontium. It occurs in white masses of radiating fibres, although pale green, yellow, or gray colours are also known. Strontianite forms soft, brittle crystals that are commonly associated with barite,

strontium (Sr), chemical element, one of the alkaline-earth metals of Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table. It is used as an ingredient in red signal flares and phosphors and is the principal health hazard in radioactive fallout. atomic number 38 atomic weight 87.62 melting point 769 °C (1,416 °F)

optical ceramics: Optical and infrared windows: … (KCl), calcium fluoride (CaF), and strontium fluoride (SrF2) have been used for erosion-resistant infrared radomes, windows for infrared detectors, and infrared laser windows. These polycrystalline halide materials tend to transmit lower wavelengths than oxides, extending down to the infrared region; however, their grain boundaries and porosity scatter radiation. Therefore, they…

strontium: Compounds: Strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)2, is sometimes used to extract sugar from molasses because it forms a soluble saccharide from which the sugar can be easily regenerated by the action of carbon dioxide. Strontium monosulfide, SrS, is employed as a depilatory and as an ingredient in phosphors…

strontium: Compounds: Strontium monosulfide, SrS, is employed as a depilatory and as an ingredient in phosphors for electroluminescent devices and luminous paints.

crystal: Ionic bonds: … (CaS), barium selenide (BaSe), or strontium oxide (SrO). They have the same structure as sodium chloride, with each atom having six neighbours. Oxygen can be combined with various cations to form a large number of ionically bonded solids.

strontium: Occurrence, properties, and uses: Strontium-89 is employed in the treatment of bone cancer, as it targets bone tissues, delivers its beta radiation, and then decays in a few months’ time (half-life 51 days).

strontium: Occurrence, properties, and uses: …of which the longest-lived is strontium-90 (28.9-year half-life). This isotope, formed by nuclear explosions, is considered the most dangerous constituent of fallout. Because of its chemical resemblance to calcium, it is assimilated in bones and teeth, where it continues ejecting electrons that cause radiation injury by damaging bone marrow, impairing…

S.R. Srinivasa Varadhan: …work, Varadhan and American mathematician Daniel Stroock studied diffusion processes and obtained important results in population genetics. In work with the Greek-born American mathematician George Papanicolaou and Chinese mathematician Maozheng Guo, Varadhan obtained important new results in hydrodynamics, which he later extended to give new methods for the theory of…

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: SS Major General Jürgen Stroop supervised the coup de grace: the dynamiting of the Great Synagogue of Warsaw. Thereupon he wrote his report: “The Warsaw Ghetto Is No More.”

stroopwafel, a popular Dutch treat similar to a cookie, featuring two thin wafflelike wafers with a sweet filling. Stroopwafel was first made in Gouda, Netherlands, possibly in the late 18th century. The batter—which is typically made from flour, milk, eggs, butter, brown sugar, and yeast—is rolled

Strophanthus: …species contain toxic alkaloids called strophanthins, which are used as arrow poisons and in low dosages as cardiac and vascular stimulants. One species, S. sarmentosus, is a source of the drug cortisone.

Strophanthus, genus of ornamental and drug plants in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae), with more than 40 species of woody vines, shrubs, or small trees that are native to tropical Africa and Southeast Asia. The flower petals of some species are drawn out into long threads. The bark and seeds of

Strophanthus: One species, S. sarmentosus, is a source of the drug cortisone.

psilocin: cubensis (formerly Stropharia cubensis). Hallucinogenic mushrooms used in religious ceremonies by Indigenous peoples of Mexico were considered sacred and were called “god’s flesh” by the Aztecs. In the 1950s the active principles psilocin and a closely related substance called psilocybin were isolated from the Mexican mushrooms. As…

stanza, a division of a poem consisting of two or more lines arranged together as a unit. More specifically, a stanza usually is a group of lines arranged together in a recurring pattern of metrical lengths and a sequence of rhymes. The structure of a stanza (also called a strophe or stave) is

strophe, in poetry, a group of verses that form a distinct unit within a poem. The term is sometimes used as a synonym for stanza, usually in reference to a Pindaric ode or to a poem that does not have a regular metre and rhyme pattern, such as free verse. In ancient Greek drama the strophe was the

theatre: Visual and spatial aspects: …a distant city, and a stropheion, a revolving machine, used to show heroes in heaven or battles at sea.

Stropheodonta, genus of small, extinct brachiopods (lamp shells) found as fossils in Devonian marine rocks (those about 359 million to 416 million years old). Stropheodonta has a distinctive internal structure and a shell form with fine linear and arcuate (bowlike) markings on its concavo-convex

cantata: …of the cantata in earlier strophic arias (in which the melody for each strophe, or stanza, was varied over a constant bass) and such earlier vocal works of chamber proportion as the late madrigals of Claudio Monteverdi.

gastropod: Classification: Superfamily Strophocheilacea Large helicoidal to elongated shells of South America (Strophocheilidae) or southwestern Africa (Dorcasiidae). Order Sigmurethra Ureter originates near anterior margin of kidney, follows backward to posterior end, then reflexes forward along hindgut to open

gastropod: Classification: …shells of South America (Strophocheilidae) or southwestern Africa (Dorcasiidae). Order Sigmurethra Ureter originates near anterior margin of kidney, follows backward to posterior end, then reflexes forward along hindgut to open alongside anus; position greatly altered in sluglike forms; about 18,000 species. Suborder

Strophomena, genus of extinct brachiopods (lamp shells) found as fossils in Middle and Upper Ordovician marine rocks (those ranging in age from 438 million to 478 million years old). The shell consists of two parts, or valves, dissimilar in shape—one strongly convex, the other concave. A

lamp shells: Annotated classification: Order Strophomenida Teeth deltidiodont when present; ventral muscles large; shell substance pseudopunctate (with rods of calcite), rarely impunctate; more than 400 genera; mid-Ordovician to Early Jurassic. Order Pentamerida Biconvex, ventral valve usually with a spondylium (united dental plates); delthyrium usually open; dorsal-valve brachiophores

Joseph George Strossmayer was a Croatian Roman Catholic bishop who inspired and led the National Party, which was dedicated to the development of a strong Yugoslav nationalist movement. Ordained in 1838, Strossmayer became lecturer in theology at Vienna and chaplain to the Austrian emperor. In 1850

Joseph George Strossmayer was a Croatian Roman Catholic bishop who inspired and led the National Party, which was dedicated to the development of a strong Yugoslav nationalist movement. Ordained in 1838, Strossmayer became lecturer in theology at Vienna and chaplain to the Austrian emperor. In 1850

Werner Herzog: Herzog’s most realistic film, Stroszek (1977), is a bittersweet tale of isolation concerning a German immigrant who, with his two misfit companions, finds the dairy lands of Wisconsin to be lonelier and bleaker than the slums of Berlin. Herzog’s other films included Herz aus Glas (1977; Heart of Glass),…

Stroud: town (parish) and district, administrative and historic county of Gloucestershire, south-central England. The district occupies an area in the south-central part of the county between the cities of Bristol to the southwest and Gloucester to the north; it borders the River Severn on the west.…

Stroud, town (parish) and district, administrative and historic county of Gloucestershire, south-central England. The district occupies an area in the south-central part of the county between the cities of Bristol to the southwest and Gloucester to the north; it borders the River Severn on the

Robert Stroud: …prison and published; his book, Stroud’s Digest on the Diseases of Birds, published in 1943, was an important work in the field. In 1942, however, Stroud was transferred to Alcatraz, where he was allowed to continue his research but was denied further right of publication. In 1959 he was transferred…

Coogan’s Bluff: …escaped killer, James Ringerman (Don Stroud). Ringerman, however, is in the hospital after overdosing on LSD. Coogan grows increasingly frustrated at the legal technicalities hindering Ringerman’s release and soon takes matters into his own hands. He tricks the hospital into releasing Ringerman into his custody, but plans go awry…

Sir Ranulph Fiennes: …the British physician and adventurer Mike Stroud made several unsuccessful attempts to reach the North Pole unsupported (i.e., without outside contact or resupply) and on foot before deciding to try the same feat in Antarctica in 1992–93. They did cross the continent—in the process setting a distance record for unsupported…

Robert Stroud was an American criminal, a convicted murderer who became a self-taught ornithologist during his 54 years in prison, 42 of them in solitary confinement, and made notable contributions to the study of birds. At the age of 13 Stroud ran away from home, and by the age of 18 he was in

Robert Stroud was an American criminal, a convicted murderer who became a self-taught ornithologist during his 54 years in prison, 42 of them in solitary confinement, and made notable contributions to the study of birds. At the age of 13 Stroud ran away from home, and by the age of 18 he was in

Stroudsburg, borough (town), seat of Monroe county, eastern Pennsylvania, U.S. A resort community, it lies along Brodhead Creek, adjacent to East Stroudsburg, in the Pocono Mountains area, near the Delaware River (there bridged to New Jersey). The site was first settled in 1760 by Colonel Jacob

Struma River, river in western Bulgaria and northeastern Greece, rising in the Vitosha Massif of the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria, southwest of Sofia. It follows a course of 258 miles (415 km) south-southeast via Pernik to the Aegean Sea, which it enters 30 miles (50 km) west-southwest of Kavála.

C++: Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup began developing the new programming language shortly after joining the technical staff at Bell Laboratories in 1979. Stroustrup’s interest emerged from his experience as a doctoral student at the University of Cambridge, where he was unable to find a language he considered suitable…

Elizabeth Strout is an American author known for her empathetic novels that are typically set in small towns and feature flawed but likable characters dealing with personal issues. Many of the works are connected, with characters appearing in multiple books. Strout’s most notable novel is perhaps

telephone: Electromechanical switching: The Strowger switch consisted of essentially two parts: an array of 100 terminals, called the bank, that were arranged 10 rows high and 10 columns wide in a cylindrical arc; and a movable switch, called the brush, which was moved up and down the cylinder by…

metalwork: France: Among them is the famous Strozzi key, said to have been made for the apartments of Henry III, the bow of which takes the favoured form of two grotesque figures back to back. But as far as architectural ironwork was concerned, France remained almost at a standstill until the accession…

Barbara Strozzi was an Italian virtuoso singer and composer of vocal music, one of only a few women in the 17th century to publish their own compositions. Barbara Strozzi was the adopted daughter—and likely the illegitimate child—of the poet Giulio Strozzi; her mother, Isabella Garzoni, was a

Western painting: Early and High Baroque in Italy: …Francesco Maffei from Vicenza, whereas Bernardo Strozzi in 1630 carried to Venice the saturated colours and vigorous painterly qualities of the Genoese school. Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione also began his career in Genoa and, after a period in Rome, worked from 1648 as court painter in Mantua, where his brilliant free…

Benedetto da Maiano: …employed by the Florentine banker Filippo Strozzi, of whom he made a marble bust (from a terra-cotta model that some consider superior) and whose tomb in Sta. Maria Novella, Florence, he completed after 1491.

Barbara Strozzi: …the illegitimate child—of the poet Giulio Strozzi; her mother, Isabella Garzoni, was a “long-time servant” in Giulio’s household. Giulio used his connections in the intellectual world of Venice to showcase his daughter and to advance her career. He was a member of the Venetian circle of intellectuals known as the…

Mino da Fiesole: …and politically prominent Florentine merchant Niccolò Strozzi, was carved in Rome in 1454. Included among other of his major portrait busts are those of Astorgio Manfredi, Rinaldo della Luna (1461), and Diotisalvi Neroni (1464).

Florence: City layout: …palace in Florence is the Strozzi Palace, begun in 1489 for one of the city’s largest and wealthiest families (which, however, had been eclipsed politically by the Medici). Its enormous scale deliberately surpassed that of the Medici Palace. Noteworthy within the Strozzi Palace is a spacious courtyard, which by its…

Fra Angelico: Years at the priory of San Marco: …of Fra Angelico’s disciples, and Zanobi Strozzi, another pupil better known as a miniaturist, as well as his earliest collaborator, Battista Sanguigni. The hand of Fra Angelico himself is identifiable in the first 10 cells on the eastern side. Three subjects merit particular attention: a Resurrection, a coronation of the…

Inchon landing: Arthur D. Struble, the U.S. Navy’s Seventh Fleet commander.

blue-ribbon jury, a group, chosen from the citizenry of a district, that has special qualifications to try a complex or important case. The blue-ribbon jury is intended to overcome the problems of ordinary juries in interpreting complex technical or commercial questions. In the United States

structural clay products, ceramic products intended for use in building construction. Typical structural clay products are building brick, paving brick, terra-cotta facing tile, roofing tile, and drainage pipe. These objects are made from commonly occurring natural materials, which are mixed with

schemochrome, any one of many colourless, submicroscopic structures in organisms that serve as a source of colour by the manner in which they reflect light. Among those physical structures in organisms that fractionate light into its component colours are ridges, striations, facets, successive

social structure: Later trends in social structure theory: In Structural Contexts of Opportunities (1994), Peter M. Blau developed a formal macrosociological theory concerning the influences of large population structures on social life. He identified how different population groups relate to each other. He found that occupational heterogeneity increases the chance for contact between people…

damping: …structure itself that is called hysteresis damping or, sometimes, structural damping. In hysteresis damping, some of the energy involved in the repetitive internal deformation and restoration to original shape is dissipated in the form of random vibrations of the crystal lattice in solids and random kinetic energy of the molecules…

construction: Building science: …concept of a statically determinate structure—that is, a structure whose forces could be determined from Newton’s laws of motion alone—was set forth by Otto Mohr in 1874, after having been used intuitively for perhaps 40 years. Most 19th-century structures were purposely designed and fabricated with pin joints to be statically…

chemical formula: Structural formulas identify the location of chemical bonds between the atoms of a molecule. A structural formula consists of symbols for the atoms connected by short lines that represent chemical bonds—one, two, or three lines standing for single, double, or triple bonds, respectively. For example,…

structural functionalism, in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought according to which each of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute a society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and of society

blood group: Blood groups and genetic linkage: …the activity of closely linked structural genes on or off. The operator genes are themselves controlled by regulator genes. The operator genes are responsible for the quantity of Rh antigens, while the structural genes are responsible for their qualitative characteristics.

recombinant DNA: Genomics: Genomics has two subdivisions: structural genomics and functional genomics. Structural genomics is based on the complete nucleotide sequence of a genome. Each member of a library of clones is physically manipulated by robots and sequenced by automatic sequencing machines, enabling a very high throughput of DNA. The resulting sequences…

structural geology, scientific discipline that is concerned with rock deformation on both a large and a small scale. Its scope of study is vast, ranging from submicroscopic lattice defects in crystals to fault structures and fold systems of the Earth’s crust. A brief treatment of structural geology

grammar: Conceptions of grammar: … provide rules for correct usage), descriptive (i.e., describe how a language is actually used), or generative (i.e., provide instructions for the production of an infinite number of sentences in a language). The traditional focus of inquiry has been on morphology and syntax, and for some contemporary linguists (and many traditional…

Japan: Economic change: …taken up in the so-called Structural Impediments Initiative (SII) in the late 1980s. By the end of the decade it was generally acknowledged that formal barriers to trade had been largely dismantled, though areas such as construction bidding were still closed, and many cultural barriers remained.

hydrocarbon: Alkanes: …and are referred to as constitutional isomers. (An older name is structural isomers.) The compounds n-butane and isobutane are constitutional isomers and are the only ones possible for the formula C4H10. Because isomers are different compounds, they can have different physical and chemical properties. For example, n-butane has a higher…

structural landform, any topographic feature formed by the differential wearing away of rocks and the deposition of the resulting debris under the influence of exogenetic geomorphic forces. Such forces operate at the interface of the planetary atmosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere, and hydrosphere.

Zellig S. Harris: He carried the structural linguistic ideas of Leonard Bloomfield to their furthest logical development: to discover the linear distributional relations of phonemes and morphemes.

organic chemistry: Areas of specialization: The development of structural organic chemistry was one of the great achievements of 19th-century science, providing an essential basis for the field of biochemistry. The elucidation of the chemical transformations undergone by organic compounds within living cells was a central problem of biochemistry. The determination of the molecular

realism: Neorealism in international relations: Associated in particular with the American political scientist Kenneth Waltz, neorealism was an attempt to translate some of the key insights of classical realism into the language and methods of modern social science. In the Theory of International Politics (1979), Waltz…

metabolism: Synthesis of RNA: …amino acids into proteins; and structural RNA is found in the ribosomes that form the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell. In cells of organisms with well-defined nuclei (i.e., eukaryotes), a heterogenous RNA fraction of unknown function is constantly broken down and resynthesized in the nucleus of the cell but does…

metabolism: Synthesis of RNA: …amino acids into proteins; and structural RNA is found in the ribosomes that form the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell. In cells of organisms with well-defined nuclei (i.e., eukaryotes), a heterogenous RNA fraction of unknown function is constantly broken down and resynthesized in the nucleus of the cell but does…

structural system, in building construction, the particular method of assembling and constructing structural elements of a building so that they support and transmit applied loads safely to the ground without exceeding the allowable stresses in the members. Basic types of systems include

Jürgen Habermas: Career and public life: …as Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit (The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere). In 1961 Habermas became a privatdozent (unsalaried professor and lecturer) in Marburg, and in 1962 he was named extraordinary professor (professor without chair) at the University of Heidelberg. He succeeded Max Horkheimer as professor of philosophy and sociology…

petroleum trap: …simple system divides them into structural traps and stratigraphic traps. The most common type of structural trap is formed by an anticline, a structure with a concave (as viewed from below) roof caused by the local deformation of the reservoir rock and the impermeable cap rock. In this case, the…

peace psychology: …people quickly and dramatically, whereas structural violence is much more widespread and kills far more people by depriving them of satisfaction of their basic needs. For example, when people starve even though there’s enough food for everyone, the distribution system is creating structural violence. If a person justifies the deaths…

structural functionalism, in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought according to which each of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute a society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and of society

agency: Criticisms: Advocates of structuralist approaches to politics and society argue that history is not made by individuals (or by classes exhibiting agency) but is a consequence of structural requirements. Individuals take up preexisting roles and mainly reproduce structures they neither choose nor question. Furthermore, their intentions, whatever they…

structuralism, in psychology, a systematic movement founded in Germany by Wilhelm Wundt and mainly identified with Edward B. Titchener. Structuralism sought to analyze the adult mind (defined as the sum total of experience from birth to the present) in terms of the simplest definable components and

structuralism, in linguistics, any one of several schools of 20th-century linguistics committed to the structuralist principle that a language is a self-contained relational structure, the elements of which derive their existence and their value from their distribution and oppositions in texts or

philosophy of mathematics: Nontraditional versions: … and Shapiro is known as structuralism. The essential ideas here are that the real objects of study in mathematics are structures, or patterns—things such as infinite series, geometric spaces, and set-theoretic hierarchies—and that individual mathematical objects (such as the number 4) are not really objects at all in the ordinary…

structuralism, in cultural anthropology, the school of thought developed by the French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, in which cultures, viewed as systems, are analyzed in terms of the structural relations among their elements. According to Lévi-Strauss’s theories, universal patterns in

Arthur Eddington: Philosophy of science: …called “selective subjectivism” and “structuralism”—i.e., the interplay of physical observations and geometry. He believed that a great part of physics simply reflected the interpretation that the scientist imposes on his data. The better part of his philosophy, however, was not his metaphysics but his “structure” logic. His theoretical work…