Jackson Pollock: Poured works of Jackson Pollock: …as White Light (1954) and Scent (1955) in his last years. He died in an automobile accident in the summer of 1956.

artiodactyl: Scent glands: External glands occur in various places on artiodactyls. Preorbital glands, immediately in front of the eyes, are present in the giant forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni), in all cervids except the roe deer, and, among the bovids, in duikers, many neotragines, gazelles and their…

dog: Hounds: There are scent hounds and sight hounds. They are a diverse group, ranging from the low-slung dachshund to the fleet-footed greyhound. However, they all are dedicated to the tasks for which they were bred, whether coursing over rough terrain in search of gazelles, such as the Afghan…

hymenopteran: Chemical: Ants use scent marks, which they place on their pathways. They are thus able to find their way back to the nest and direct other colony members to a food source. When danger threatens, ants, wasps, and bees secrete an alarm substance. This marks the place of…

Al Pacino: Academy Award and later films: …a bitter blind man in Scent of a Woman (1992). Pacino’s other notable films of the 1990s included Carlito’s Way (1993); Heat (1995), a crime drama in which he played a detective hunting a thief (Robert De Niro); Donnie Brasco (1997), in which he starred as a low-level mobster who…

lepidopteran: Courtship and mating: …are detected by structures (scent sensilla) on the male’s antennae. Males with very large, feathery antennae, such as those of the giant silkworm moths, can locate females from 5 to 6 km (3 to 4 miles) away and may form courting swarms about them. A species may have a…

gardening: Scented gardens: Scent is one of the qualities that many people appreciate highly in gardens. Scented gardens, in which scent from leaves or flowers is the main criterion for inclusion of a plant, have been established, especially for the benefit of blind people. Some plants…

Janet Frame: In Scented Gardens for the Blind (1963), a girl becomes mute after her parents’ marriage dissolves. The Adaptable Man (1965) is a subversive comedy set in a small town that has just been connected to the electrical grid. Frame further investigated sanity and social isolation in…

sun orchid: violosa), and the scented sun orchid (T. avistata) are common Australian species.

geranium: The aromatic, or scented-leaved, geraniums are found in several species, including P. abrotanifolium, P. capitatum, P. citrosum, P. crispum, P. graveolens, and P. odoratissimum. Minty, fruity, floral, and spicy fragrances are released readily when their leaves are rubbed or bruised.

sceptre, ornamented rod or staff borne by rulers on ceremonial occasions as an emblem of authority and sovereignty. The primeval symbol of the staff was familiar to the Greeks and Romans and to the Germanic tribes in various forms (baculus, “long staff”; sceptrum, “short staff”) and had various

the Shirelles: …later to her more ambitious Scepter Records (for which Dionne Warwick also recorded). Unlike most girl groups, the Shirelles wrote some of their own songs, but their biggest hits were written by others—including Brill Building stalwarts Carole King and Gerry Goffin, whose “Will You Love Me Tomorrow

Robert Boyle: Scientific career: …his most influential writings were The Sceptical Chymist (1661), which assailed the then-current Aristotelian and especially Paracelsian notions about the composition of matter and methods of chemical analysis, and the Origine of Formes and Qualities (1666), which used chemical phenomena to support the corpuscularian hypothesis. Boyle also maintained a lifelong…

skepticism, in Western philosophy, the attitude of doubting knowledge claims set forth in various areas. Skeptics have challenged the adequacy or reliability of these claims by asking what principles they are based upon or what they actually establish. They have questioned whether some such claims

George Santayana: Santayana’s system of philosophy: Scepticism and Animal Faith (1923) marks an important departure from his earlier philosophy and serves as “a critical introduction” to and résumé of his new system developed in the four-volume Realms of Being (1928, 1930, 1937, 1940), an ontological (nature of being) treatise of great…

sceptre, ornamented rod or staff borne by rulers on ceremonial occasions as an emblem of authority and sovereignty. The primeval symbol of the staff was familiar to the Greeks and Romans and to the Germanic tribes in various forms (baculus, “long staff”; sceptrum, “short staff”) and had various

Maurice Scève was a French poet who was considered great in his own day, then long neglected. Reinstated by 20th-century critics and poets, chiefly for his poem cycle, Délie, Scève has often been described as the leader of the Lyonese school of writers (including Pernette du Guillet and Louise

continued fraction: In a simple continued fraction (SCF), all the bi are equal to 1 and all the ai are positive integers. An SCF is written, in the compact form, [a0; a1, a2, a3, …]. If the number of terms ai is finite, the SCF is said to terminate,…

chemical bonding: Computational approaches to molecular structure: …computations are referred to as self-consistent field (SCF) procedures. Thus, a particular electronic distribution is proposed, and the distribution of the electrons is recalculated on the basis of this first approximation. The distribution is then calculated again on the basis of that improved description, and the process is continued until…

Schaerbeek, municipality, Brussels-Capital Region, central Belgium. A village until 1795, it is now an industrial suburb northeast of Brussels and one of the 19 municipalities that make up Greater Brussels. A rail junction with switch and freight yards, it has an electric power station and

Central Asian arts: Buddhist morality plays: …first Mongolian actors were called schabi, or disciples, of the lama Noyan Hutuqtu. These men and women formed a regular troupe and were invited all over Mongolia to perform.

Theodor Fontane: …for its charming style, and Schach von Wuthenow (1883; A Man of Honor), in which he portrays the weaknesses of the Prussian upper class.

shaharith, (“dawn”), in Judaism, the first of three periods of daily prayer; the other daily services are minhah and maarib. They are all ideally recited in the synagogue so that a quorum (minyan) can be formed to pray as a corporate body representing “Israel.” Shaharith is considered a substitute

Ilona Elek was a Hungarian fencer who was the only woman to win two Olympic gold medals in the individual foil competition. In addition to her success in the Olympics, Elek was world champion in women’s foil in 1934, 1935, and 1951. She won more international fencing titles than any other woman. At

Hjalmar Schacht was a German banker and financial expert who achieved international renown by halting the ruinous inflation that threatened the existence of the Weimar Republic in 1922–23. He also served as minister of economics (1934–37) in the National Socialist government of Adolf Hitler.

Hjalmar Schacht was a German banker and financial expert who achieved international renown by halting the ruinous inflation that threatened the existence of the Weimar Republic in 1922–23. He also served as minister of economics (1934–37) in the National Socialist government of Adolf Hitler.

Leon Festinger: Social pressures in informal groups: …attracted many talented students, including Stanley Schachter and Harold Kelley.

motivation: The Schachter-Singer model: In 1962 the American psychologists Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer performed an experiment that suggested to them that elements of both the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories are factors in the experience of emotion. Their cognitive-physiological theory of emotion proposed that both bodily changes…

Bavarian State Picture Galleries: The Schack Gallery collection of 19th-century, late Romantic German painting was acquired by the state in 1940 and represents the private collection of Count Adolf Friedrich von Schack. It is housed in the former Prussian Embassy, built in 1907–09.

Western architecture: Germany and central Europe: …most excellent of buildings, and Oseas Schadaeus’s guide to the cathedral, Summum Argentoratensium Templum (1617; “Strasbourg’s Finest Church”) was the first illustrated guidebook ever devoted to a single medieval building and, in spite of its Latin title, was written in German. Other 17th- and early 18th-century histories and guides—and there…

Western architecture: The Low Countries: …its counterpart in that of Jozef Schadde, architect of the Antwerp stock exchange (1858–80) and the station in Brugge.

schadenfreude, the emotional experience of pleasure in response to another’s misfortune. Schadenfreude is a German word that combines Schaden, which means “damage,” and Freude, which means “joy.” The concept is common to people across cultures, but some languages do have comparable words. It has

Gottfried Schadow was a German sculptor, regarded as the founder of the modern Berlin school of sculptors. Schadow was trained under the court sculptor Jean-Pierre-Antoine Tassaert and in Rome (1785–87), where he studied under Antonio Canova. In 1788 he succeeded Tassaert as director of the

Gottfried Schadow was a German sculptor, regarded as the founder of the modern Berlin school of sculptors. Schadow was trained under the court sculptor Jean-Pierre-Antoine Tassaert and in Rome (1785–87), where he studied under Antonio Canova. In 1788 he succeeded Tassaert as director of the

Nazarene: …joined by Peter von Cornelius, Wilhelm von Schadow, and others who at various times were associated with the movement. They soon acquired the originally derisive nickname Nazarenes because of their affectation of biblical style of hair and dress. The major project of the Nazarenes was to revive the medieval art…

geography: Geography as a science: a new research agenda: ” Kurt Schaefer, a German-trained geographer at the University of Iowa, argued that science is characterized by its explanations. These involve laws, or generalized statements of observed regularities, that identify cause-and-effect relationships. According to Schaefer, “to explain the phenomena one has described means always to recognize…

Vincent Joseph Schaefer was an American research chemist and meteorologist who in 1946 carried out the first systematic series of experiments to investigate the physics of precipitation. From an aircraft over Massachusetts, he seeded clouds with pellets of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) and

weather modification: General considerations: The Schaefer-Langmuir experiments in the laboratory and the atmosphere demonstrated that so-called supercooled clouds—namely those composed of water droplets at temperatures below freezing—could be dissipated. When the supercooled clouds were seeded with grains of dry ice, ice crystals formed and grew large enough to fall out…

Claude-Frédéric-Armand Schaeffer was a French archaeologist whose excavation of the ancient city of Ugarit at Ras Shamra, Syria, disclosed a succession of cultures from the 7th or 6th millennium bc to about 1195 bc. Moreover, the resulting knowledge of northern Canaanite civilization helped to

checkers: …for the proof belongs to Jonathan Schaeffer, a Canadian computer scientist, who had earlier developed the first computer program, named Chinook, to win a world championship from a human at any game. Chinook lost its first championship challenge match in 1990 to the American mathematician Marion Tinsley, with two wins…

Pierre Schaeffer was a French composer, acoustician, and electronics engineer who in 1948, with his staff at Radio-diffusion et Télévision Française, introduced musique concrète. In this genre, sounds of natural origin, animate and inanimate, are recorded and manipulated so that the original sounds

stalking: History of stalking: In 1989 television actress Rebecca Schaeffer was murdered by a fan, and in 1993 tennis player Monica Seles was stabbed by a deranged supporter of rival player Steffi Graf. Several of those cases involved the harassment of celebrities in California, and the entertainment industry began to press for criminal…

Hermanus Johannes Aloysius Maria Schaepman was a Dutch statesman, Roman Catholic priest, and author who founded Catholic political clubs (forerunners of the Roman Catholic State Party) and established a Catholic-Calvinist legislative coalition that lasted from 1888 to 1905. Ordained a priest in

Schaerbeek, municipality, Brussels-Capital Region, central Belgium. A village until 1795, it is now an industrial suburb northeast of Brussels and one of the 19 municipalities that make up Greater Brussels. A rail junction with switch and freight yards, it has an electric power station and

Sankt Wolfgang: …or rack, railway ascends the Schafberg (5,850 feet [1,783 metres]) from the town. The Late Gothic-style Pilgrimage Church (1430–77) has a magnificent carved wooden altar (1481) by the sculptor Michael Pacher. The town’s Zum Weissen Rössl (The White Horse) inn was made famous in the operetta by Ralph Benatzky. Best…

Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer: …physiologist and inventor of the prone-pressure method (Schafer method) of artificial respiration adopted by the Royal Life Saving Society.

Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer was an English physiologist and inventor of the prone-pressure method (Schafer method) of artificial respiration adopted by the Royal Life Saving Society. The first holder of the Sharpey Scholarship (1871) at University College, London, he studied with William

Karl Schäfer was an Austrian figure skater who was the best performer in his sport during the 1930s and was an innovator in the sport as well. He won two successive gold medals in the Winter Olympics of 1932 and 1936. He was also world champion in figure skating from 1930 to 1936. (Read Scott

Philip Schaff was a Swiss-born American ecumenical leader and theologian whose works, especially the Creeds of Christendom (1877), helped set standards in the United States for scholarship in church history. Schaff was educated at the universities of Tübingen, Halle, and Berlin and was made a

Giovanni Morelli was an Italian patriot and art critic whose methods of direct study established the foundation of subsequent art criticism. Morelli was born to Swiss parents and, during his education in Switzerland and at the University of Munich, acquired so great a command of German as to write

Schaffhausen, most northerly canton of Switzerland. It lies north of the Rhine River and west of Lake Constance (Bodensee) and has an area of 115 square miles (298 square km), of which about 90 percent is classed as productive. It is virtually surrounded on the north, east, and west by Germany,

Schaffhausen, capital of Schaffhausen canton, northern Switzerland, on the right bank of the Rhine, west of Lake Constance (Bodensee). The site was first mentioned in 1045 as Villa Scafhusun. About 1049 Count Eberhard III of Nellenburg founded there the Benedictine monastery of All Saints, around

Swiss literature: Schaffhausen is represented in the novels of Albert Bächtold, and Joseph Reinhart wrote in the dialect of Solothurn.

Schaffhausen, most northerly canton of Switzerland. It lies north of the Rhine River and west of Lake Constance (Bodensee) and has an area of 115 square miles (298 square km), of which about 90 percent is classed as productive. It is virtually surrounded on the north, east, and west by Germany,

Schaffhausen, capital of Schaffhausen canton, northern Switzerland, on the right bank of the Rhine, west of Lake Constance (Bodensee). The site was first mentioned in 1045 as Villa Scafhusun. About 1049 Count Eberhard III of Nellenburg founded there the Benedictine monastery of All Saints, around

Albert Schäffle was an economist and sociologist who served briefly as Austrian minister of commerce and agriculture (1871); he was responsible for a major plan of imperial federalization for the Bohemian crownland. Schäffle became a professor of political economy at Tübingen (1860) and later

Franklin J. Schaffner was an American director who worked on a number of well-regarded television programs before launching a successful film career that included such classics as Planet of the Apes (1968) and Patton (1970). Schaffner, whose parents were Protestant missionaries, was raised in Japan

Franklin J. Schaffner was an American director who worked on a number of well-regarded television programs before launching a successful film career that included such classics as Planet of the Apes (1968) and Patton (1970). Schaffner, whose parents were Protestant missionaries, was raised in Japan

Jakob Schaffner was a Swiss writer who lived in Germany from 1913. He belonged to a new generation of Swiss writers who, searching for uncompromising greatness and believing in life as a boundless adventure, broke away from the saturated tradition of middle-class society. Schaffner was orphaned at

stained glass: 20th century: Matthew (1964) in Sobernheim; Ludwig Schaffrath’s cycle of modern grisaille windows for the cloister (1962–65) in Aachen, his high triple-gabled window walls for the transepts of St. Peter’s Church (1964) in Birkesdorf, near Düren, and his powerfully iconic and technically innovative slab- and rod-glass sanctuary window in St. Matthew’s…

Norman L. Bowen: Schairer, a young and able experimenter who had joined the laboratory from Yale University. Together they worked on silicate systems containing iron oxide, beginning with ferric oxide and later ferrous oxide.

Gilad Shalit is an Israeli soldier who was captured and held by Palestinian militants from June 2006 to October 2011. Shalit’s captivity became a significant focal point in Israeli politics and society. Shalit was born and raised in northern Israel, near the Lebanese border. In July 2005, weeks

Max Reinhardt: Discovery of the theatre: …revue, Schall und Rauch (Sound and Smoke), to which Reinhardt contributed sketches. Playing before invited audiences, it was so successful that it was transformed into a serious work and settled into the Kleines Theater in 1902. Reinhardt planned a full season and directed his first play, Oscar Wilde’s Salomé.

Adam Schall von Bell was a Jesuit missionary and astronomer who became an important adviser to the first emperor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). Schall arrived in China in 1622, having been trained in Rome in the astronomical system of Galileo. He soon impressed the Chinese with the superiority

Margaret Murie: …expedition was German American zoologist George Schaller, who later became a leading figure in wildlife conservation. Their careful study and persistence in promoting legislation led to the establishment in 1960 of the Arctic National Wildlife Range.

Andrew V. Schally is a Polish-born American endocrinologist and corecipient, with Roger Guillemin and Rosalyn Yalow, of the 1977 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. He was noted for isolating and synthesizing three hormones that are produced by the region of the brain known as the hypothalamus;

Andrew V. Schally is a Polish-born American endocrinologist and corecipient, with Roger Guillemin and Rosalyn Yalow, of the 1977 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. He was noted for isolating and synthesizing three hormones that are produced by the region of the brain known as the hypothalamus;

Dada: Duchamp, Man Ray, Morton Schamberg, and Francis Picabia. The Zürich group was concerned with issues surrounding the war, but New York Dadaists largely focused on mocking the art establishment. For instance, Duchamp’s ready-mades—the most famous being Fountain (1917), a porcelain urinal—incited heated debate about the very definition of…

Shāmil was the leader of Muslim Dagestan and Chechen mountaineers, whose fierce resistance delayed Russia’s conquest of the Caucasus for 25 years. The son of a free landlord, Shāmil studied grammar, logic, rhetoric, and Arabic, acquired prestige as a learned man, and in 1830 joined the Murīdīs, a

Shāmil was the leader of Muslim Dagestan and Chechen mountaineers, whose fierce resistance delayed Russia’s conquest of the Caucasus for 25 years. The son of a free landlord, Shāmil studied grammar, logic, rhetoric, and Arabic, acquired prestige as a learned man, and in 1830 joined the Murīdīs, a

Anastasia: …a woman who called herself Anna Anderson—and whom critics alleged to be one Franziska Schanzkowska, a Pole—who married an American history professor, J.E. Manahan, in 1968 and lived her final years in Virginia, U.S., dying in 1984. In the years up to 1970 she sought to be established as the…

pottery: Tin-glazed ware: …and is the work of Johann Schaper (died 1670), who had been a Nürnberg glass painter, J.L. Faber, and others. Polychrome enamel decoration was developed by another glass painter, Abraham Helmhack (1654–1724), who mastered the technique as early as 1690, many years before it was adopted by the factories. The…

Isaac Schapera was a South African social anthropologist known for his detailed ethnographic and typological work on the indigenous peoples of South Africa and Botswana. Schapera received an M.A. from the University of Cape Town and a Ph.D. from the London School of Economics and Political Science.

Charlotte von Stein was a German writer and an intimate friend of and important influence on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; she was the inspiration for the female figures Iphigenie in his Iphigenie auf Tauris and Natalie in Wilhelm Meister. She remained for Goethe an unattainable feminine ideal and

Keith Haring: With fellow artists Kenny Scharf and Jean-Michel Basquiat, Haring immersed himself in the punk clubs and street art scene of New York. In 1981 he began drawing graffiti—unauthorized chalk drawings on blank black advertising panels—in the New York subways. These would eventually number in the thousands, and they…

Scharnhorst, German battle cruiser completed in 1939. It did great damage to Allied shipping in northern waters during World War II before it was sunk by the British battleship “Duke of York” on Dec. 26, 1943. The “Scharnhorst” was a heavily armed ship of 26,000 tons standard displacement, carrying

Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst was a Prussian general who developed the modern general staff system. With another reformer of army procedures, August von Gneisenau, he devised the “shrinkage system” (Krümpersystem), in which army recruits were quickly trained and sent into the reserves so

Bavarian Alps: …deposits and are crossed at Scharnitz Pass (3,133 feet [955 metres]) by road and railway and at Achen Pass (3,087 feet [941 metres]) by road. Tourism and winter sports are the region’s main activities. A large national park preserves the original Alpine landscape, plants, and animals from the steady encroachment…

Hans Scharoun was a German architect who was closely associated with modern architectural movements of the 1920s, much later producing his best known work, the hall for the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (1963). Scharoun received his training at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin from 1912 to 1914.

Dore Schary was a U.S. motion-picture producer, screenwriter, playwright, and director whose career included work on more than 300 motion pictures. Between 1926 and 1932 Schary worked in the New York City area as a director of amateur theatricals, a publicist, and a newspaper writer and at summer

Dore Schary was a U.S. motion-picture producer, screenwriter, playwright, and director whose career included work on more than 300 motion pictures. Between 1926 and 1932 Schary worked in the New York City area as a director of amateur theatricals, a publicist, and a newspaper writer and at summer

Sighișoara, town, Mureș județ (county), central Romania. Situated in the historic region of Transylvania, it is 40 miles (65 km) northeast of Sibiu city and 110 miles (175 km) northwest of Bucharest. The town circles a hill, on the summit of which stands a citadel with a ring of walls, nine extant

Feldkirch: Schattenburg castle, the Montforts’ seat, houses a local museum. Other historic buildings include the Gothic parish church of Sankt Nikolaus (1478), the town hall (1493), and Sankt Johannes’ Church (1218). The most important of the many old town gates and towers is the Katzenturm (1491–1507).…

Elmer Eric Schattschneider was a U.S. political scientist and educator known for the study and advocacy of the political party system of government. Schattschneider earned an A.B. at the University of Wisconsin (1915), an M.A. at the University of Pittsburgh (1927), and a Ph.D. at Columbia

Brian Schatz is an American politician who was appointed as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate from Hawaii in 2012 and won a special election in 2014. Schatz was born in Michigan and moved with his family to Hawaii at the age of two. After graduating from Punahou School, Pres. Barack Obama’s alma mater,

Brian Schatz is an American politician who was appointed as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate from Hawaii in 2012 and won a special election in 2014. Schatz was born in Michigan and moved with his family to Hawaii at the age of two. After graduating from Punahou School, Pres. Barack Obama’s alma mater,

G.W. Pabst: …film was Der Schatz (1923; The Treasure), about the passions aroused during a search for hidden treasure. His first successful film as a director was Die freudlose Gasse (1925; The Joyless Street), which became internationally famous as a grimly authentic portrayal of life in inflation-ridden postwar Vienna. His second successful…

Houston Texans: …Andre Johnson and standout quarterback Matt Schaub, the Texans posted the first winning record (9–7) in franchise history. Houston captured its first division title in 2011 after going 10–6 and won its opening-round playoff game before being eliminated by the Baltimore Ravens in the divisional round of the postseason. Led…

Christian Democratic Union: History: …Kohl’s successor as party leader, Wolfgang Schäuble, was forced to resign, and the party subsequently elected as its leader someone who was untainted by the scandal—Angela Merkel, a former East German and the first woman to head a major German party. In 2005, under Merkel’s leadership, the CDU-CSU bloc edged…

Carl von Ossietzky: …and became editor of the Weltbühne, a liberal political weekly, in 1927, where in a series of articles he unmasked the Reichswehr (German army) leaders’ secret preparations for rearmament. Accused of treason, Ossietzky was sentenced in November 1931 to 18 months’ imprisonment but was granted amnesty in December 1932.

directing: Directorial styles: Stein’s work with West Berlin’s Schaubühne company included group visits to Greece for research on Greek tragedy and to England to prepare for productions of Shakespeare; on those occasions the research itself was dramatized by Stein and the company into complementary performances aimed at helping to illuminate the respective plays.…

Fritz Schaudinn was a German zoologist who, with the dermatologist Erich Hoffmann, in 1905 discovered the causal organism of syphilis, Spirochaeta pallida, later called Treponema pallidum. He is known for his work in the development of protozoology as an experimental science. He earned his

Hans Leonhard Schäuffelein was a German painter and designer of woodcuts whose work bears the strong influence of Albrecht Dürer. An altarpiece for the Church of Ober-Sankt-Veit, near Vienna, believed to be his first work, was drawn by Dürer. In 1509 Schäuffelein worked in the Tirol and later in

Hans Leonhard Schäuffelein was a German painter and designer of woodcuts whose work bears the strong influence of Albrecht Dürer. An altarpiece for the Church of Ober-Sankt-Veit, near Vienna, believed to be his first work, was drawn by Dürer. In 1509 Schäuffelein worked in the Tirol and later in

Hans Leonhard Schäuffelein was a German painter and designer of woodcuts whose work bears the strong influence of Albrecht Dürer. An altarpiece for the Church of Ober-Sankt-Veit, near Vienna, believed to be his first work, was drawn by Dürer. In 1509 Schäuffelein worked in the Tirol and later in

English National Ballet: Peter Schaufuss, Ivan Nagy, Derek Deane, Matz Skoog, and Wayne Eagling. Tamara Rojo was appointed to the position in 2012.

Schaumburg-Lippe, one of the smallest of member states of the German Reich prior to the end of World War II. It lay east of the middle bend of the Weser River and was bounded on all sides by Prussian territory from 1866 to 1946. Bückeburg was its capital. Schaumburg, or Schauenburg, northeast of

Schauspiel, any spectacle or public performance. In late 18th-century German literature the word took on the more specific meaning of a play that has characteristics of both a tragedy and a comedy in that it is a serious play with a happy ending and in which the hero does not

Switzerland: Theatre: …period in Germany (1933–45), Zürich’s Schauspielhaus (German: “Playhouse”) was an important centre for theatre, where many refugee writers, directors, and actors performed or staged productions. The country’s two most successful postwar dramatists, Max Frisch and Friedrich Dürrenmatt, staged their debut works at the Schauspielhaus, and contemporary playwrights such as Maja…

Western architecture: Germany: His Schauspielhaus (theatre and concert hall) of 1818–26 is essentially a grid of trabeated elements framing glazed openings. The modern flavour of this construction, which, according to Schinkel, derived from the Choragic Monument of Thrasyllus in Athens, has contributed to Schinkel’s popularity as an architect in…