Washington Nationals: …pitching (led by Strasburg and Max Scherzer) and hitting by young phenom Juan Soto led the team back to the postseason in 2019. There Washington exorcised years of playoff failures by defeating the two-time defending NL champion Los Angeles Dodgers in the division series for the franchise’s first victory of…

scherzo, in music, frequently the third movement of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet; also, in the Baroque era (c. 1600–c. 1750), a light vocal or instrumental piece (e.g., the Scherzi musicali of Claudio Monteverdi, 1607), and, in the 19th century, an independent orchestral composition. In

scherzo, in music, frequently the third movement of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet; also, in the Baroque era (c. 1600–c. 1750), a light vocal or instrumental piece (e.g., the Scherzi musicali of Claudio Monteverdi, 1607), and, in the 19th century, an independent orchestral composition. In

scherzo, in music, frequently the third movement of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet; also, in the Baroque era (c. 1600–c. 1750), a light vocal or instrumental piece (e.g., the Scherzi musicali of Claudio Monteverdi, 1607), and, in the 19th century, an independent orchestral composition. In

Rhätikon Mountains: The group’s highest peak is Schesaplana (9,724 feet [2,964 m]) on the Austrian-Swiss border, east-northeast of Maienfeld, Switz. Tourism is the main economic base of the region.

Costa Concordia disaster: …of the ship’s crew, notably Capt. Francesco Schettino, were charged with various crimes.

agrostology: …1708 the German botanist Johann Scheuchzer wrote Agrostographiae Helveticae Prodromus, a taxonomic paper on grasses that some authors consider to mark the birth of agrostology. Many systems of classification followed this brief beginning. The earliest were based purely on external morphology of the plant, but later systems take into consideration…

Scheveningen, seaside resort and fishing port, Zuid-Holland provincie, western Netherlands, on the North Sea. Fishing has been an occupation there since the 14th century. Charles II embarked from Scheveningen to return to England at the Restoration (1660), and King William I landed nearby in 1813.

Icelandic literature: The 19th century: …men in particular: a philologist, Hallgrímur Scheving; a poet and lexicographer, Sveinbjörn Egilsson; and a philosopher and mathematician, Björn Gunnlaugsson. The principal movement in this renaissance was Romanticism. Inspired by the philosopher Henrik Steffens, Bjarni Thorarensen produced nationalistic poetry that became a model for 19th-century lyrical poetry.

sculpture: Relief sculpture: Stiacciato relief is an extremely subtle type of flat, low relief carving that is especially associated with the 15th-century sculptors Donatello and Desiderio da Settignano. The design is partly drawn with finely engraved chisel lines and partly carved in relief. The stiacciato technique depends largely…

Tampa Bay Buccaneers: …surprise hire of college coach Greg Schiano, who oversaw two losing seasons that featured a number of embarrassing moments—notably a MRSA bacterial outbreak in the locker room—before being fired at the end of the 2013 season. The Buccaneers rebuilt around young quarterback Jameis Winston, and the team posted its first…

Mars: Spacecraft exploration: …Gas Orbiter (TGO) and the Schiaparelli lander. Schiaparelli ejected its parachute early and crashed into the surface. The TGO mapped the vertical distribution of dust and water vapor in the atmosphere. It did not detect any methane, which conflicted with Curiosity’s detection and suggests that some process destroys methane before…

Elsa Schiaparelli was an Italian-born fashion designer who established an important couture house in Paris. She was famous for her Surrealist fashions of the 1930s and for her witty accessories, such as a purse in the shape of a telephone. Schiaparelli ran away from her upper-class family and

Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli was an Italian astronomer and senator whose reports of groups of straight lines on Mars touched off much controversy on the possible existence of life on that planet. Schiaparelli went to Berlin in 1854 to study astronomy under Johann F. Encke. Two years later he was

diplomatics: Post-Renaissance scholarship: In Italy Luigi Schiaparelli made vital contributions to the study of Lombard documents. From the 19th century, some study of documents has formed part of the medieval-history curriculum in most European universities.

Italy: The end of French rule: By the terms of the armistice of Schiarino-Rizzino (April 16, 1814), Beauharnais was able to retain control of Lombardy. But an insurrection in Milan on April 20 allowed the Austrians to occupy the entire region.

Bill Frist: …centre of the controversy surrounding Terry Schiavo, a brain-damaged Florida woman whose family was locked in a fierce legal battle over whether to remove her from life support. After viewing video footage of Schiavo, Frist challenged the opinion of doctors who had examined her in person, stating that because she…

Tintoretto: Career: …of Tintoretto’s closest collaboration with Andrea Meldolla; together they decorated the Palazzo Zen with frescoes. The fresco technique had an important part in the formation of Tintoretto’s idiom, for it suggested to him the quickness of execution that was to become fundamental to his manner of painting. Unfortunately only some…

Aftenposten: …was established in 1860 by Christian Schibsted and played a significant role in developing a sense of Norwegian nationhood. Noted from its founding for the strength of its coverage of local and, increasingly, national news, Aftenposten generally took an editorial stance that was moderately conservative.

Patrick Joseph Frawley, Jr.: …was named chairman of the Schick Safety Razor Company. The nationalization of a Schick plant in Cuba one year later transformed Frawley into an outspoken promoter of anticommunist and conservative causes. He gave voice to political issues through his Twin Circle Publishing Co., which purchased the National Catholic Register in…

Schick test, method for determining susceptibility to diphtheria; it laid the basis for inoculation against the disease. A minute amount of diphtheria toxin is injected into the skin of the forearm. Redness at the site of injection after three days indicates a positive reaction (absence of

razor: …manufactured was that on which Jacob Schick, a retired U.S. Army colonel, applied for a patent in 1928 and that he placed on the market in 1931. Competitive models soon appeared. In the electric razor a shearing head, driven by a small motor, is divided into two sections: the outer…

Wilhelm Schickard was a German astronomer, mathematician, and cartographer. In 1623, he invented one of the first calculating machines. He proposed to Johannes Kepler the development of a mechanical means of calculating ephemerides (predicted positions of celestial bodies at regular intervals of

René Schickele was a German journalist, poet, novelist, and dramatist, whose personal experience of conflict between nations made his work an intense plea for peace and understanding. Schickele was active as a foreign correspondent, editor, and, from 1915 to 1919, as the publisher of the Weissen

August, Graf von Platen: …attacked its extravagances, particularly the Schicksaldrama, or fate drama, in his witty comedies in the manner of Aristophanes: Die verhängnisvolle Gabel (1826; “The Fateful Prong”) and Der romantische Oedipus (1829; “The Romantic Oedipus”). Der romantische Oedipus earned him the enmity of two other eminent German writers—Karl Immermann, whose work was…

Hans Carossa: His first novel, Doktor Bürgers Ende (1913; “The End of Doctor Bürger”; revised and republished in 1930 as Die Schicksale Doktor Bürgers, “The Fortunes of Doctor Bürger”), in which a young doctor, driven to despair by the suffering around him, commits suicide when he fails to save the…

Alfred Döblin: …in the book Schicksalsreise (1949; Destiny’s Journey).

fate tragedy, a type of play especially popular in early 19th-century Germany in which a malignant destiny drives the protagonist to commit a horrible crime, often unsuspectingly. Adolf Mullner’s Der neunundzwanzigste Februar (1812; “February 29”) and Die Schuld (1813; “The Debt”) and Zacharias

Amadeus Quartet: …three young Austrian Jewish refugees—Peter Schidlof, the group’s violist; Norbert Brainin, a violinist; and Siegmund Nissel, also a violinist. They were released from the camp with help from Dame Myra Hess and Ralph Vaughan Williams. Schidlof, who had been a violinist, began to study the viola. With the introduction…

Schiedam, gemeente (municipality) and river port, western Netherlands, at the confluence of the Schie and Nieuwe Maas (New Meuse) rivers, just west of Rotterdam. Named for an early dam on the Schie, it was chartered in 1273 and conducted a flourishing medieval trade in fish and grain until it was

Egon Schiele was an Austrian Expressionist painter, draftsman, and printmaker noted for the eroticism of his figurative works. As a student at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts (1907–09), Schiele was strongly influenced by the Jugendstil movement, the German Art Nouveau. He met Gustav Klimt, leader

Gaylen Gerber: …panels of the Swiss artist Adrian Schiess, which were at one end of the wall, and the paintings of the German artist Gerhard Richter, which occupied the other end. By using his own works as a line of demarcation, Gerber established equivalencies between two distinct artists.

Betty Bone Schiess was an American Episcopal priest who was at the forefront of the movement that led the church to permit the ordination of women. Betty Bone received a bachelor’s degree from the University of Cincinnati in 1945 and a master’s from Syracuse (New York) University in 1947. After

Francesco del Cossa: …work, the frescoes in the Schifanoia Palace at Ferrara (probably commissioned in 1469), Cossa developed a personal style of great coherence and vitality. Illustrating a humanist program, these frescoes represent in three tiers allegorical scenes, astrological symbols of the months, and scenes representing the daily life of Borso d’Este, the…

Francesco del Cossa: …work, the frescoes in the Schifanoia Palace at Ferrara (probably commissioned in 1469), Cossa developed a personal style of great coherence and vitality. Illustrating a humanist program, these frescoes represent in three tiers allegorical scenes, astrological symbols of the months, and scenes representing the daily life of Borso d’Este, the…

amine: Addition: …amines react readily to form imines (also called azomethines or Schiff bases), R2C=NR′.

The Well-Tempered Clavier, BWV 846–893: Richter, Angela Hewitt, and András Schiff. A performance by American composer Wendy (formerly Walter) Carlos of two of the prelude and fugue numbers from Book I is noteworthy for having been played on a Moog synthesizer (Switched-On Bach, 1968). She made other recordings of Baroque music on synthesizer as…

Dorothy Schiff was an American newspaper publisher of the New York Post, then a steadfastly liberal publication. Schiff attended Bryn Mawr (Pennsylvania) College in 1920–21, and for some years she led the life of a wealthy debutante and socialite. During the 1930s, however, she became interested in

Jacob H. Schiff was an American financier and philanthropist. As head of the investment banking firm of Kuhn, Loeb, and Company, he became one of the leading railroad bankers in the United States, playing a pivotal role in the reorganization of several transcontinental lines around the turn of the

Jacob H. Schiff was an American financier and philanthropist. As head of the investment banking firm of Kuhn, Loeb, and Company, he became one of the leading railroad bankers in the United States, playing a pivotal role in the reorganization of several transcontinental lines around the turn of the

Moritz Schiff was a German physiologist who investigated the effects produced by removal of the thyroid gland. A graduate of the University of Göttingen (M.D., 1844) and a student of the French physiologist François Magendie in Paris, Schiff became director of the ornithology section of the

textile: Net and lace making: Schiffli lace, a type of embroidery, is made by modern machines, evolved from a hand version, using needles with points at each end. Several hundred needles are placed horizontally, often in two rows, one above the other. The fabric to be embroidered is held vertically…

Coogan’s Bluff: …and a notable score by Lalo Schifrin, who composed the famous theme song to the television series Mission: Impossible (1966–73) as well as the later scores for the Dirty Harry films. Lee J. Cobb, who played a crusty New York City police lieutenant, earned particular praise for his performance. The…

Emanuel Schikaneder was a prominent German actor, singer, playwright, and theatre manager now chiefly remembered as the librettist of Mozart’s opera Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute). Schikaneder began his career as an actor with a small traveling company performing the improvised farce and song

Emanuel Schikaneder was a prominent German actor, singer, playwright, and theatre manager now chiefly remembered as the librettist of Mozart’s opera Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute). Schikaneder began his career as an actor with a small traveling company performing the improvised farce and song

ostariophysan: Annotated classification: Family Schilbeidae (schilbeid catfishes) Similar to Siluridae, but with adipose fin usually present and spine in dorsal fin. Food fishes. Size to 2.3 metres (about 8 feet), 110 kg (240 pounds). Asia and Africa. About 25 genera, 56 species. Families Amblycipitidae (torrent catfishes) Mountain streams of southern…

ostariophysan: Annotated classification: Family Schilbeidae (schilbeid catfishes) Similar to Siluridae, but with adipose fin usually present and spine in dorsal fin. Food fishes. Size to 2.3 metres (about 8 feet), 110 kg (240 pounds). Asia and Africa. About 25 genera, 56 species. Families Amblycipitidae (torrent catfishes) Mountain streams of southern…

Pieter Bruegel, the Elder: Life: According to Carel van Mander’s Het Schilderboeck (Book of Painters), published in Amsterdam in 1604 (35 years after Bruegel’s death), Bruegel was apprenticed to Pieter Coecke van Aelst, a leading Antwerp artist who had located in Brussels. The head of a large workshop, Coecke was a sculptor, architect, and designer…

Joseph Schildkraut was an Austrian-born American stage, television, and motion-picture actor. Schildkraut joined his father, the actor Rudolf Schildkraut, on his first American tour in 1910 and remained to study at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (1912–13). He made his professional debut in

Finnish literature: Origins: …among the Idlers belonged to Runar Schildt, whose novellas and plays dealt with ethical and artistic problems (e.g., Häxskogen [1920; “Witchwood”]). Schildt also ventured beyond the boundaries of city and class to describe life in the Swedish-speaking countryside. Poets linked to this group include Arvid Mörne, whose work was devoted…

Christology: Post-Enlightenment Christology: …such as Karl Rahner and Edward Schillebeeckx have acknowledged the historicity of the dogmatic pronouncements and have insisted on allowing for new and fresh interpretations without forfeiting their essential content.

Daniela Schiller is an Israeli-born cognitive neuroscientist best known for her research in the area of memory reconsolidation, or the process of re-storing memories after they have been retrieved. Schiller, the youngest of four children, was raised in Rishon LeẔiyyon, Israel, near Tel Aviv–Yafo.

humanism: Other uses: …century the pragmatic humanism of Ferdinand C.S. Schiller, the Christian humanism of Jacques Maritain, and the movement known as secular humanism, though differing from each other significantly in content, all showed this anthropocentric emphasis.

Friedrich Schiller was a leading German dramatist, poet, and literary theorist, best remembered for such dramas as Die Räuber (1781; The Robbers), the Wallenstein trilogy (1800–01), Maria Stuart (1801), and Wilhelm Tell (1804). Friedrich Schiller was the second child of Lieut. Johann Kaspar

Friedrich Schiller was a leading German dramatist, poet, and literary theorist, best remembered for such dramas as Die Räuber (1781; The Robbers), the Wallenstein trilogy (1800–01), Maria Stuart (1801), and Wilhelm Tell (1804). Friedrich Schiller was the second child of Lieut. Johann Kaspar

Hermann Kurz: …for two powerful historical novels, Schillers Heimatjahre (1843; “Schiller’s Homeland Years”) and Der Sonnenwirt (1855; “The Proprietor of the Sun Inn”), both critical of the existing social order, and for his satirically humorous tales of Swabian life in Erzählungen (1858–63; “Tales”).

Austria: Austria in the European Union: …strongest in Europe, retired the schilling.

malabsorption test: …are required to undergo the Schilling test. Radioactive vitamin B12 is administered orally, and the amount excreted in the urine over the next 24 hours is measured. Malabsorption is confirmed if less than 8 percent of the vitamin B12 is excreted in the urine.

Curt Schilling is an American professional baseball player who emerged as a leading pitcher in the 1990s and helped both the Arizona Diamondbacks (2001) and the Boston Red Sox (2004 and 2007) win the World Series. Schilling was drafted by the Red Sox out of Yavapai Junior College in Prescott,

Curt Schilling is an American professional baseball player who emerged as a leading pitcher in the 1990s and helped both the Arizona Diamondbacks (2001) and the Boston Red Sox (2004 and 2007) win the World Series. Schilling was drafted by the Red Sox out of Yavapai Junior College in Prescott,

Johann Schiltberger was a German nobleman whose Reisebuch (“Travel Book”), describing his journeys through areas now chiefly within the Transcaucasian region and Russia, offers an important record of medieval times. While serving in the Crusade of King Sigismund of Hungary against the Turks, the

Johann Schiltberger was a German nobleman whose Reisebuch (“Travel Book”), describing his journeys through areas now chiefly within the Transcaucasian region and Russia, offers an important record of medieval times. While serving in the Crusade of King Sigismund of Hungary against the Turks, the

Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck was a Dutch statesman and leader of the Patriot Party who as councillor pensionary (raadpensionaris) ruled the Batavian Commonwealth (now the Netherlands) under Napoleon I from 1805 to 1806 and instituted sweeping fiscal and educational reforms. A lawyer in Amsterdam

Theodor Woldsen Storm: …greatest novella, Der Schimmelreiter (1888; The Rider on the White Horse [also published as The Dykemaster]), which, with its forceful hero and terse, objective style, shows vivid imagination and great narrative verve. Among his other major works are the charming story Pole Poppenspäler (1874), the historical novella Aquis submersus (1875),…

Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper was a German botanist, one of the first to successfully divide the continents into floral regions. Schimper received the Ph.D. from the University of Strasbourg in 1878. After a year (1880–81) as a fellow at Johns Hopkins University, in Baltimore, he returned to

geochronology: Completion of the Phanerozoic time scale: …scientists, Heinrich Ernst Beyrich and Wilhelm Philipp Schimper. Beyrich introduced the Oligocene in 1854 after having investigated outcrops in Belgium and Germany, while Schimper proposed adding the Paleocene in 1874 based on his studies of Paris Basin flora.

Otto Heinrich Schindewolf was a German paleontologist, known for his research on corals and cephalopods. Schindewolf was a faculty member of the University of Marburg from 1919 until 1927, when he became director of the Geological Survey of Berlin; in 1948 he became a professor at the University of

Australian literature: Literature from 1970 to 2000: When Schindler’s Ark (1982), which is centrally about just this situation, won the Booker Prize in 1982, it caused something of a sensation for being as much a work of fact as of fiction. Keneally was a gifted storyteller, and his fiction appealed to both the…

Oskar Schindler: …basis for Steven Spielberg’s film Schindler’s List (1993), which starred Liam Neeson as Schindler and Ralph Fiennes as Göth.

Australian literature: Literature from 1970 to 2000: When Schindler’s Ark (1982), which is centrally about just this situation, won the Booker Prize in 1982, it caused something of a sensation for being as much a work of fact as of fiction. Keneally was a gifted storyteller, and his fiction appealed to both the…

Alma Mahler was known for her relationships with celebrated men, including her husband, Gustav Mahler. The daughter of the painter Emil Schindler, Alma grew up surrounded by art and artists. She studied art and became friends with the painter Gustav Klimt, who made several portraits of her. Her

Oskar Schindler was a German industrialist who, aided by his wife and staff, sheltered approximately 1,100 Jews from the Nazis by employing them in his factories, which supplied the German army during World War II. Schindler was the eldest of two children born to a farm machinery manufacturer and

perciform: Annotated classification: 1 genus (Schindleria) with 2 species. The classification of perciform fishes will continue to receive extensive study. Questions regarding the relationships at the higher levels of classification are still unsettled, although much progress has been made, largely through the research of American ichthyologist G.D. Johnson.…

Matthäus Schiner was a Swiss prelate, papal diplomat, and intimate counsellor of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V; he worked to preserve the freedom of the Papal States from French domination. Consecrated bishop of Sion in 1499, Schiner soon established himself as a master of diplomacy. He helped

Karl Friedrich Schinkel was a German architect and painter whose Romantic–Classical creations in other related arts made him the leading arbiter of national aesthetic taste in his lifetime. The son of an archdeacon, Schinkel studied architecture with the brilliant Friedrich Gilly (1798–1800) and at

Matthäus Schiner was a Swiss prelate, papal diplomat, and intimate counsellor of the Holy Roman emperor Charles V; he worked to preserve the freedom of the Papal States from French domination. Consecrated bishop of Sion in 1499, Schiner soon established himself as a master of diplomacy. He helped

Anacardiaceae: The reddish brown wood of quebracho trees (genus Schinopsis, especially S. lorentzii) yields commercial tannin. The pepper tree (Schinus molle), Cotinus species, and several species of sumac (Rhus) are cultivated as ornamentals. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac (all Toxicodendron

Sapindales: Distribution and abundance: …has about 40 species, and Schinus (occurring from Mexico to Argentina) has about 30 species.

pepper tree, (Schinus molle), ornamental tree of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae), native to dry South America and cultivated in warm regions. Its piquant fruits, often called “pink peppercorns,” are sometimes used in beverages and medicines because of their hot taste and aroma, though the plant

Schio, town, Veneto region, northern Italy, northwest of Vicenza, on the Leogra River. A manufacturing centre with wool, machinery, lumber, and cutlery enterprises, Schio’s ancient wool trade declined with the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797 but was restored through the efforts of Alessandro

airport: Pier and satellite designs: …International Airport in Germany and Schiphol Airport near Amsterdam still use such terminals. In the late 1970s, pier designs at Chicago’s O’Hare and Atlanta’s Hartsfield successfully handled in excess of 45 million mainly domestic passengers per year. However, as the number of aircraft gates grows, the distances that a passenger…

schipperke, Belgian dog breed that originated in Flanders several centuries ago and was used for many years as a guard on barges. The schipperke (“little captain”) is descended from a black shepherd dog, the Leauvenaar, which also gave rise to the Belgian sheepdog. A short, thickset, tailless dog

Baldur von Schirach was a Nazi politician and head of the Nazi youth movement. The son of a German theatre director and an American mother, Schirach studied at the University of Munich. He joined the National Socialist Party in 1925 and was elected to the Reichstag in 1932. He was appointed

Wally Schirra was a U.S. astronaut who flew the Mercury Sigma 7 (1962) and was command pilot of Gemini 6 (1965), which made the first rendezvous in space. He was the only astronaut to fly in all three of the early U.S. crewed spaceflight programs—Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo. Schirra began flying at

Wally Schirra was a U.S. astronaut who flew the Mercury Sigma 7 (1962) and was command pilot of Gemini 6 (1965), which made the first rendezvous in space. He was the only astronaut to fly in all three of the early U.S. crewed spaceflight programs—Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo. Schirra began flying at

Schisandraceae: The genera Schisandra, with about 25 species, and Kadsura, with 22 species, are mostly climbing vines with separate male and female flowers that are often found on separate plants. The fruits produce one to five seeds each. A few species are occasionally cultivated as ornamentals—for example, the…

Schisandraceae: …cultivated as ornamentals—for example, the magnolia vine, or five-flavour berry (Schisandra chinensis), for its fragrant white or pink flowers and attractive fruits, and kadsura vine (Kadsura japonica), for its clusters of scarlet-coloured fruits.

Schisandraceae, family of three genera and some 90 species of flowering plants of the primitive order Austrobaileyales. The family consists of mostly tropical and subtropical woody plants. All have radially symmetrical, mainly beetle-pollinated flowers that lack differentiation between the outer

schism, in Christianity, a break in the unity of the church. In the early church, “schism” was used to describe those groups that broke with the church and established rival churches. The term originally referred to those divisions that were caused by disagreement over something other than basic

Congregationalism: England: …Anglican parish church, and the Schism Act (1714) was directed against their schools. The death of Anne in 1714, before the Schism Act could be fully implemented, was considered providential by the Dissenters. They supported the new regime of George I (1714–27) and the Whig ascendancy, and for the next…

Bruce Sterling: Sterling’s novel Schismatrix (1985) and the short-story collection Crystal Express (1989) examine the contrasting philosophies of the Shapers, who alter themselves genetically, and the Mechanists, who alter themselves with prosthetic devices. In Islands in the Net (1988), heroine Laura Webster is drawn into the geopolitics of a…

schist, megascopically crystalline rock that has a highly developed schistosity, or tendency to split into layers. Banding (foliation) is typically poorly developed or absent. Most schists are composed largely of platy minerals such as muscovite, chlorite, talc, sericite, biotite, and graphite;

locust: The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) inhabits dry grasslands and deserts from Africa to the Punjab and can fly upward to about 1,500 metres (5,000 feet) in huge towers of individuals. The smaller Italian and Moroccan locusts (Calliptamus italicus and Dociostaurus maroccanus) cause extensive plant damage in…

schistosity, mode of foliation that occurs in certain metamorphic rocks as a consequence of the parallel alignment of platy and lath-shaped mineral constituents. It reflects a considerable intensity of metamorphism—i.e., changes resulting from high temperatures, pressures, and

schistosity, mode of foliation that occurs in certain metamorphic rocks as a consequence of the parallel alignment of platy and lath-shaped mineral constituents. It reflects a considerable intensity of metamorphism—i.e., changes resulting from high temperatures, pressures, and

Schistosoma, fluke genus (phylum Platyhelminthes), three members of which are well known for causing the disease schistosomiasis (q.v.) in humans. See also

fluke: The urinary blood fluke (S. haematobium), which lives in the veins of the urinary bladder, occurs mainly in Africa, southern Europe, and the Middle East. Eggs, laid in the veins, break through the vein wall into the bladder and are voided during urination. The larval fluke…

fluke: The Oriental blood fluke, which occurs primarily in China, Japan, Taiwan, the East Indies, and the Philippine Islands, differs from S. mansoni and S. haematobium in that it may attack vertebrates other than man, including various domestic animals, rats, and mice. Snails of the genus Oncomelania…

fluke: The intestinal blood fluke (S. mansoni), which lives in the veins around the large and small intestines, occurs primarily in Africa and in northern South America. The eggs pass from the host with the feces. The larva enters the body of a snail (any of several…

schistosomiasis: …by small parasitic flatworms (family Schistosomatidae) commonly called blood flukes. Schistosomiasis is characterized by inflammation of the intestines, bladder, liver, and other organs. Next to malaria, it is probably humanity’s most serious parasitic infection, being endemic to some 78 countries and affecting some 240 million people yearly in