Cyperaceae, sedge family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, a division of the order Poales. The Cyperaceae are grasslike herbaceous plants found especially in wet regions throughout the world. The Cyperaceae, among the 10 largest families of flowering plants, contain about 5,000 species and,

Cyperaceae, sedge family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, a division of the order Poales. The Cyperaceae are grasslike herbaceous plants found especially in wet regions throughout the world. The Cyperaceae, among the 10 largest families of flowering plants, contain about 5,000 species and,

frog: Sedge frogs (Hyperolius), for example, are climbing African frogs with adhesive toe disks. The flying frogs (Rhacophorus) are tree-dwelling, Old World rhacophorids; they can glide 12 to 15 metres (40 to 50 feet) by means of expanded webbing between the fingers and toes (see tree…

animal social behaviour: Social interactions involving sex: Similarly, male European sedge warblers (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus) with the longest and most elaborate birdsongs are the first to acquire mates in the spring.

Sedgefield, former borough (district), administrative and historic county of Durham, northeastern England, occupying a limestone plateau generally 300 to 400 feet (90 to 120 metres) in elevation between the Pennine uplands in the west and an inland extension of the North Sea coastal plain in the

Western architecture: United States: …in the Gothic style was Sedgeley, a mansion erected outside Philadelphia in 1798 to the design of Benjamin Latrobe. The thin, etiolated Gothic of this house was repeated in other of his designs—an unexecuted project for a cathedral in Baltimore, Maryland (1805); the Bank of Philadelphia (1807–08); Christ Church (1808),…

Sedgemoor, district, administrative and historic county of Somerset, southwestern England, in the north-central part of the county. Bridgwater, on the River Parrett in the southwest, is the administrative centre. Sedgemoor district is generally a low-lying basin with rich alluvial soils. It is

Battle of Sedgemoor, (July 16 [July 6, Old Style], 1685), in English history, battle fought about 3 miles (5 km) southeast of Bridgwater, Somerset, Eng. It was a massacre of the mainly untrained smallholders and cloth workers who had rallied to the support of James Scott, duke of Monmouth, by

Pearl S. Buck was an American author noted for her novels of life in China. She received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938. Pearl Sydenstricker was raised in Zhenjiang in eastern China by her Presbyterian missionary parents. Initially educated by her mother and a Chinese tutor, she was sent at

Adam Sedgwick was an English geologist who first applied the name Cambrian to the geologic period of time, now dated at 570 to 505 million years ago. Sedgwick was educated at the grammar schools of Dent and Sedbergh and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where in 1810 he was elected a fellow. Although

Adam Sedgwick was an English zoologist who is best known for his researches on the wormlike organism Peripatus, which he recognized as the zoologically important connecting link between the Annelida, or segmented worms, and the Arthropoda, such as crabs, spiders, and insects. A grandnephew of the

Anne Douglas Sedgwick was an expatriate American writer whose best-selling fiction observed European and American cultural differences. Sedgwick lived from the age of nine in London, where her father had business connections. In 1898 a novel she had written for private amusement was, through her

Catharine Maria Sedgwick was an early American writer whose internationally popular fiction was part of the first authentically native strain of American literature. Sedgwick was a daughter of Theodore Sedgwick, lawyer, congressman, and later senator and judge of the state Supreme Court. She became

Andy Warhol: … (1966), both of which featured Edie Sedgwick.

Kevin Bacon: Personal life, collaborations with Kyra Sedgwick, and musical career: …formally met his wife, actress Kyra Sedgwick, during the filming of Lemon Sky (1988), though, according to her, some 10 years earlier, as a 12-year-old, she had approached him as a fan. Only a few months after their meeting on the Lemon Sky set, Bacon and Sedgwick were married. They…

Statius Caecilius: …ranked by the literary critic Volcatius Sedigitus at the head of all Roman writers of comedy.

sedilia, in architecture, group of seats for the clergy in a Christian church of Gothic style. Usually consisting of three separate stone seats—for the priest, the deacon, and the subdeacon—the sedilia is located on the south side of the chancel, or choir, in a cruciform church (one that is built

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act: In Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co. (1985), the U.S. Supreme Court concluded that RICO is not limited to organized crime but may be applied to legitimate commercial-enterprise businesses. The Belgian company Sedima filed an action against rival Imrex in a U.S. district court in 1982, alleging…

river: Sediment yield and sediment load: All of the water that reaches a stream and its tributaries carries sediment eroded from the entire area drained by it. The total amount of erosional debris exported from such a drainage basin is its sediment yield. Sediment yield is…

landslide: …particles, referred to as the sediment fabric. Some materials with a loose, open sediment fabric will weaken if they are mechanically disturbed or flooded with water. An increase in water content, resulting from either natural causes or human activity, typically weakens sandy materials through the reduction of interparticle friction and…

Ralph A. Bagnold: …authority on the mechanics of sediment transport and on eolian (wind-effect) processes.

Precambrian: Establishing Precambrian boundaries: …dikes and the formation of sedimentary basins such as the Huronian on the U.S.-Canadian border, into which large volumes of clastic sediment (that is, sediment of predominantly clay, silt, and sand sizes) were deposited. Such sediments would have been derived by erosion of high plateaus and mountains that are characteristic…

biogeochemical cycle: carbon, and water; sedimentary cycles include those of iron, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and other more-earthbound elements.

sedimentary facies, physical, chemical, and biological aspects of a sedimentary bed and the lateral change within sequences of beds of the same geologic age. Sedimentary rocks can be formed only where sediments are deposited long enough to become compacted and cemented into hard beds or strata.

sedimentary rock: Sedimentary petrography involves the classification and study of sedimentary rocks using the petrographic microscope. Stratigraphy covers all aspects of sedimentary rocks, particularly from the perspective of their age and regional relationships as well as the correlation of sedimentary rocks in one region with sedimentary rock…

geology: Sedimentary petrology: The field of sedimentary petrology is concerned with the description and classification of sedimentary rocks, interpretation of the processes of transportation and deposition of the sedimentary materials forming the rocks, the environment that prevailed at the time the sediments were deposited, and the

Precambrian: Establishing Precambrian boundaries: …dikes and the formation of sedimentary basins such as the Huronian on the U.S.-Canadian border, into which large volumes of clastic sediment (that is, sediment of predominantly clay, silt, and sand sizes) were deposited. Such sediments would have been derived by erosion of high plateaus and mountains that are characteristic…

sedimentary rock, rock formed at or near Earth’s surface by the accumulation and lithification of sediment (detrital rock) or by the precipitation from solution at normal surface temperatures (chemical rock). Sedimentary rocks are the most common rocks exposed on Earth’s surface but are only a

sedimentary rock: Sedimentary structures: Sedimentary structures are the larger, generally three-dimensional physical features of sedimentary rocks; they are best seen in outcrop or in large hand specimens rather than through a microscope. Sedimentary structures include features like bedding, ripple marks, fossil tracks and trails, and mud cracks.…

separation and purification: Sedimentation: Particles such as viruses, colloids, bacteria, and small fragments of silica and alumina may be separated into different fractions of various sizes and densities. Suspensions of relatively massive particles settle under the influence of gravity, and the different rates can be exploited to effect…

sedimentation, in the geological sciences, process of deposition of a solid material from a state of suspension or solution in a fluid (usually air or water). Broadly defined it also includes deposits from glacial ice and those materials collected under the impetus of gravity alone, as in talus

separation and purification: Field separations: In sedimentation field-flow fractionation, for example, the channel is spun and the applied perpendicular field is a centrifugal force (gravity). Particles sediment toward the channel walls and reach a steady-state position. Since the flow velocity is nonuniform across the channel, the rate of migration will vary…

sedimentation tank, component of a modern system of water supply or wastewater treatment. A sedimentation tank allows suspended particles to settle out of water or wastewater as it flows slowly through the tank, thereby providing some degree of purification. A layer of accumulated solids, called

sedimentology, scientific discipline that is concerned with the physical and chemical properties of sedimentary rocks and the processes involved in their formation, including the transportation, deposition, and lithification (transformation to rock) of sediments. The objective of much

Vancouver Canucks: …Roberto Luongo, and identical-twin forwards Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the Canucks failed to advance beyond the second round of the playoffs over that span. In 2010–11 Vancouver captured the Presidents’ Trophy for posting the NHL’s best regular-season record that season, which the team followed by advancing to the Stanley Cup…

Vancouver Canucks: …and identical-twin forwards Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the Canucks failed to advance beyond the second round of the playoffs over that span. In 2010–11 Vancouver captured the Presidents’ Trophy for posting the NHL’s best regular-season record that season, which the team followed by advancing to the Stanley Cup finals for…

sedition, crime against the state. Though sedition may have the same ultimate effect as treason, it is generally limited to the offense of organizing or encouraging opposition to government in a manner (such as in speech or writing) that falls short of the more dangerous offenses constituting

Alien and Sedition Acts, (1798), four internal security laws passed by the U.S. Congress, restricting aliens and curtailing the excesses of an unrestrained press, in anticipation of an expected war with France. After the XYZ Affair (1797), war with France had appeared inevitable. Federalists, aware

Eugene V. Debs: …was convicted of sedition in 1918, was restored only posthumously in 1976. Debs’s years of living in harsh prison conditions adversely affected his health, and he spent long periods of the remainder of his life in a sanatorium in suburban Chicago.

Amelia Sedley, fictional character whose effete sentimentality is contrasted with the lively ambition of her lifelong friend Becky Sharp in the novel Vanity Fair (1847–48) by William Makepeace

Sir Charles Sedley, 4th Baronet was an English Restoration poet, dramatist, wit, and courtier. Sedley attended the University of Oxford but left without taking a degree. He inherited the baronetcy on the death of his elder brother. After the Restoration (1660) he was a prominent member of the group

Sedna, small body in the outer solar system that may be the first discovered object from the Oort cloud. Sedna was discovered in 2003 by a team of American astronomers at Palomar Observatory on Mount Palomar, California. At that time, it was the most distant object in the solar system that had ever

waka: The sedōka, or “head-repeated poem,” consists of two tercets of five, seven, and seven syllables each. An uncommon form, it was sometimes used for dialogues. Kakinomoto Hitomaro’s sedōka are noteworthy. Chōka and sedōka were seldom written after the 8th century.

Sedom, industrial site in southeastern Israel, near the southern end of the Dead Sea. It is the location of Dead Sea Works, originally an Israeli national company (founded 1952), which was sold to private interests in 1999. The biblical cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are believed to have been located

Sodom and Gomorrah: Historicity: …Sedom (Arabic: Jabal Usdum), or Mount Sodom, at the southwestern end of the sea, reflects Sodom’s name. The present-day industrial site of Sedom, Israel, on the Dead Sea shore, is located near the presumed site of Sodom and Gomorrah.

Sodom and Gomorrah: Historicity: …Sedom (Arabic: Jabal Usdum), or Mount Sodom, at the southwestern end of the sea, reflects Sodom’s name. The present-day industrial site of Sedom, Israel, on the Dead Sea shore, is located near the presumed site of Sodom and Gomorrah.

sidra, in Judaism, weekly readings from the Scriptures as part of the sabbath service. Each week a portion, or sidra, of the Pentateuch is read aloud in the synagogue; and it takes a full year to complete the reading. The Pentateuch—consisting of the biblical books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,

sidra, in Judaism, weekly readings from the Scriptures as part of the sabbath service. Each week a portion, or sidra, of the Pentateuch is read aloud in the synagogue; and it takes a full year to complete the reading. The Pentateuch—consisting of the biblical books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,

sidra, in Judaism, weekly readings from the Scriptures as part of the sabbath service. Each week a portion, or sidra, of the Pentateuch is read aloud in the synagogue; and it takes a full year to complete the reading. The Pentateuch—consisting of the biblical books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus,

Don Juan: …personality in the tragic drama El burlador de Sevilla (1630; “The Seducer of Seville,” translated in The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest), attributed to the Spanish dramatist Tirso de Molina. Through Tirso’s tragedy, Don Juan became an archetypcal character in the West, as familiar as Don Quixote, Hamlet,…

Roderick P. Hart: Hart’s Seducing America: How Television Charms the Modern Voter (rev. ed., 1999) asked what effect television had on citizenship in the United States. In attempting to reconstruct how Americans listened to and felt about televised politics, he contended that television miseducated the citizenry and made that…

seduction, in law, the act of a man enticing (without the use of physical force) a previously chaste woman to consent to sexual intercourse. In broader usage, the term refers to any act of persuasion, between heterosexual or homosexual individuals, and excluding the issue of chastity, that leads to

Lina Wertmüller: …ferito nell’onore (1972; variously entitled The Seduction of Mimi or Mimi the Metalworker, Wounded in Honour), a satire on sexual hypocrisy and changing social mores. Her next picture was Film d’amore e d’anarchia… (1973; Love and Anarchy), about an anarchist torn between his plot to assassinate Benito Mussolini and his…

Batman: The Caped Crusader in the Golden Age: …his polemic against the industry, Seduction of the Innocent (1954), Wertham charged that comics morally corrupt their impressionable young readers, impeaching Batman and Robin in particular for supposedly flaunting a gay lifestyle. Wertham wrote, “They live in sumptuous quarters, with beautiful flowers in large vases, and have a butler. It…

Sedulius Scottus was a poet and scholar who was part of a group of Irish savants at Liège. His poems, mostly in classical Latin metres, often praised his protector, Bishop Hartgar of Liège. His ingenious elegy on the death of Hartgar’s ram culminates in a bold comparison of the “martyred” ram with

stonecrop, (genus Sedum), genus of about 600 species of succulent plants in the family Crassulaceae, native to the temperate zone and to mountains in the tropics. Some species are grown in greenhouses for their unusual foliage and sometimes showy flowers. Low-growing species are popular in rock

stonecrop, (genus Sedum), genus of about 600 species of succulent plants in the family Crassulaceae, native to the temperate zone and to mountains in the tropics. Some species are grown in greenhouses for their unusual foliage and sometimes showy flowers. Low-growing species are popular in rock

stonecrop: Major species: Golden stonecrop, or wall-pepper (Sedum acre), white stonecrop (S. album), and Caucasian stonecrop (S. spurium, sometimes Phedimus spurius) are mosslike mat formers often found on rocks and walls. Useful garden ornamentals include the orpine, or livelong (S. telephium), with red-purple flowers; and October plant

stonecrop: Major species: …stonecrop, or wall-pepper (Sedum acre), white stonecrop (S. album), and Caucasian stonecrop (S. spurium, sometimes Phedimus spurius) are mosslike mat formers often found on rocks and walls. Useful garden ornamentals include the orpine, or livelong (S. telephium), with red-purple flowers; and October plant (S. sieboldii), with pink flowers and blue-green…

stonecrop: Major species: morganianum), and carpet sedum (S. lineare).

stonecrop: Major species: Mexican stonecrop (S. mexicanum), with yellow flowers, makes a handsome hanging basket, as do several related stonecrops, such as burro’s tail, also called donkey’s tail (S. morganianum), and carpet sedum (S. lineare).

stonecrop: Major species: …several related stonecrops, such as burro’s tail, also called donkey’s tail (S. morganianum), and carpet sedum (S. lineare).

stonecrop: Major species: telephium), with red-purple flowers; and October plant (S. sieboldii), with pink flowers and blue-green leaves. Mexican stonecrop (S. mexicanum), with yellow flowers, makes a handsome hanging basket, as do several related stonecrops, such as burro’s tail, also called donkey’s tail (S. morganianum), and carpet sedum (S. lineare).

stonecrop: Major species: album), and Caucasian stonecrop (S. spurium, sometimes Phedimus spurius) are mosslike mat formers often found on rocks and walls. Useful garden ornamentals include the orpine, or livelong (S. telephium), with red-purple flowers; and October plant (S. sieboldii), with pink flowers and blue-green leaves. Mexican stonecrop (S. mexicanum),…

stonecrop: Major species: Useful garden ornamentals include the orpine, or livelong (S. telephium), with red-purple flowers; and October plant (S. sieboldii), with pink flowers and blue-green leaves. Mexican stonecrop (S. mexicanum), with yellow flowers, makes a handsome hanging basket, as do several related stonecrops, such as burro’s tail, also called donkey’s tail (S.…

Sion, capital of Valais canton, southwestern Switzerland. It lies along the Rhône River, at the mouth of La Sionne River, southeast of Lake Geneva (Lac Léman). It originated as a Celtic and Roman settlement called Sedunum. Sion became the seat of a bishop in the late 6th century, and from 999 the

Yuriy Sedykh was considered the greatest hammer thrower of modern times, known for the three-turn technique. The Russian-born Sedykh set six world records and won two Olympic gold medals. Sedykh began competing in the hammer throw in 1968. In 1972 Anatoly Bondarchuk, who had won a hammer throw gold

Yuriy Sedykh was considered the greatest hammer thrower of modern times, known for the three-turn technique. The Russian-born Sedykh set six world records and won two Olympic gold medals. Sedykh began competing in the hammer throw in 1968. In 1972 Anatoly Bondarchuk, who had won a hammer throw gold

Joanne Woodward: …role as Betty Quinn in See How She Runs, the story of a divorced 40-year-old schoolteacher who changes the course of her life when she chooses to run the Boston Marathon. Woodward continued acting for television, appearing in about a dozen more movies over the next two decades. In 1979…

Jacques Audiard: …Regard les hommes tomber (1994; See How They Fall), which wove together two separate story lines—one about a man (played by Jean Yanne) searching for the killer of his friend and the other concerning the actions of the murderers (Jean-Louis Trintignant and Mathieu Kassovitz) before the crime. Audiard also cowrote…

Marian Anderson: Murrow’s television series See It Now. Her role as a goodwill ambassador for the United States was formalized in September 1958 when she was made a delegate to the United Nations. Anderson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963 by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and she…

Nicholas Sparks: …2015 he released the novel See Me, about a pair of lovers with troubled pasts. Later works included Two by Two (2016), Every Breath (2018), and The Return (2020).

the Kinks: …approach with the remarkable “See My Friends” (1965), an ambiguous story of male bonding, which represents the first satisfying fusion of Western pop with Indian musical forms. As their impact on the American market lessened after a disastrous tour in 1965, the Kinks became more idiosyncratically English, with social…

Richard Fleischer: Later work: …1971 Fleischer directed the thriller See No Evil, with Mia Farrow as a blind woman who returns home to find that her family has been killed, and The Last Run, an offbeat gangster yarn starring George C. Scott. Scott returned for The New Centurions (1972), an adaptation of former cop…

Arthur Hiller: Later films: …Shelley Long as rivals, but See No Evil, Hear No Evil (1989) was disappointing, despite the presence of Wilder and Pryor. Hiller took a break from comedies to direct The Babe (1992), a biopic starring John Goodman as the legendary baseball player; it received mixed reviews, largely because of blatant…

Jamaica Kincaid: The novel See Now Then (2013) chronicles the late-life dissolution of a marriage by way of the jilted wife’s acerbic ruminations.

Eastern Orthodoxy: The Eastern Orthodox Church in the Middle East: …the ancient sees of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem are remnants of the Byzantine imperial past, but under the present conditions they still possess many opportunities of development: Alexandria as the centre of emerging African communities (see below The Orthodox diaspora and missions); Antioch as the largest Arab Christian group, with…

Blind Lemon Jefferson: …Blues,” “Mosquito Blues,” and “See That My Grave Is Kept Clean.”

Alan J. Pakula: Films of the 1980s: In the less-than-well-received See You in the Morning (1989), Jeff Bridges and Alice Krige played a recently married couple whose ex-spouses (Farrah Fawcett and David Dukes) and children (Macaulay Culkin, Drew Barrymore, and Lukas Haas) conspire to make their transition a bumpy one.

Wong Kar-Wai: …and produced the romantic comedy Bai du ren (2016; “See You Tomorrow”). It was directed by Zhang Jiajia, who wrote the story on which it was based. Though it starred Leung and had many of the hallmarks of Wong’s movies, it was undermined by an unevenness of tone.

thermoelectric power generator: Seebeck effect: …proportionality factor (α) called the Seebeck coefficient, or V = αΔT. The value for α is dependent on the types of material at the junction.

Seebeck effect, production of an electromotive force (emf) and consequently an electric current in a loop of material consisting of at least two dissimilar conductors when two junctions are maintained at different temperatures. The conductors are commonly metals, though they need not even be

thermoelectric power generator: Seebeck effect: …generated voltage (V) is the Seebeck voltage and is related to the difference in temperature (ΔT) between the heated junction and the open junction by a proportionality factor (α) called the Seebeck coefficient, or V = αΔT. The value for α is dependent on the types of material at the…

Thomas Johann Seebeck was a German physicist who discovered (1821) that an electric current flows between different conductive materials that are kept at different temperatures, known as the Seebeck effect. Seebeck studied medicine at Berlin and at the University of Gottingen, where he acquired an

Peter Seeberg was a Danish novelist influenced by French existentialism. Seeberg’s first book appeared in 1956, Bipersonerne (“Secondary Characters”), a novel about a collective of foreign workers in Berlin toward the end of World War II. These workers inhabit an unreal world, a film studio, at an

Hans von Seeckt was a German general and head of the Reichswehr (army) from 1920 to 1926, who was responsible for successfully remodelling the army under the Weimar Republic. Seeckt entered the German Army in 1885. By 1889 he was a member of the general staff, where he remained for the next two

John M. Stahl: Seed (1931) was a soap opera set in the world of publishing, with John Boles as a clerk who leaves his wife and children for an editor he hopes might publish his writings; Bette Davis appeared as one of the daughters. Next was Strictly Dishonorable…

angiosperm: Significance to humans: …for the nuts and hard seeds they produce are almonds (Prunus dulcis; Rosaceae), walnuts (Juglans; Juglandaceae), pecans (Carya illinoinensis; Juglandaceae), macadamias (Macadamia; Proteaceae), and hazelnuts (Corylus; Betulaceae).

materials science: Optical switching: …the quantum-well self-electro-optic-effect device, or SEED. The key concept for this device is the use of quantum wells. These structures consist of many thin layers of two different semiconductor materials. Individual layers are typically 10 nanometres (about 40 atoms) thick, and 100 layers are used in a device about 1…

seed, the characteristic reproductive body of both angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (e.g., conifers, cycads, and ginkgos). Essentially, a seed consists of a miniature undeveloped plant (the embryo), which, alone or in the company of stored food for its early development after

crystal: Vapour growth: …growth of a crystal is seeding, in which a small piece of crystal of the proper structure and orientation, called a seed, is introduced into the container. The gas molecules find the seed a more favourable surface than the walls and preferentially deposit there. Once the molecule is on the…

Kew Gardens: In 1996 the seed bank endeavour grew to become the Millennium Seed Bank Project (later the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership) to mitigate the extinction of at-risk and useful plants through seed preservation. Kew’s Millennium Seed Bank is the largest wild plant seed bank in the world. By 2018…

seed beetle, (subfamily Bruchinae), any of some 1,350 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) whose larvae live in and feed on dried seeds. Seed beetles are oval or egg shaped, 1 to 10 mm (up to 25 inch) in length, and black or brown in colour. In adults the abdomen extends beyond the short

Ignazio Silone: …seme sotto la neve (1940; The Seed Beneath the Snow, 1942), portray socialist heroes who try to help the peasants by sharing their sufferings in a Christian spirit. Pane e vino was dramatized in 1944 as Ed egli si nascose (London, And He Did Hide Himself, New York, And He…

lygaeid bug, (family Lygaeidae), any of a group of insects in the true bug order, Heteroptera, that includes many important crop pests. There are between 3,000 and 5,000 species of lygaeid bugs, which vary from brown to brightly patterned with red, white, or black spots and bands. The large

Expo Shanghai 2010: …a cubelike structure (the “Seed Cathedral”) 66 feet (20 metres) high that resembled a dandelion head and was composed of tens of thousands of long thin acrylic rods with plant seeds embedded into the end of each rod. Other notable pavilions included that of Australia, the reddish brown exterior…

angiosperm: Seeds: …integuments, which develop into a seed coat that is usually hard. They are enclosed in the ovary of a carpel and thus are protected from the elements and predators.

crystal: Vapour growth: …growth of a crystal is seeding, in which a small piece of crystal of the proper structure and orientation, called a seed, is introduced into the container. The gas molecules find the seed a more favourable surface than the walls and preferentially deposit there. Once the molecule is on the…

“Flying” Trees: As in most tropical forests, the trees of Panama exhibit a variety of different adaptations to aid dispersal of their seeds. These adaptations involve substantial investment of the trees’ material, but they are worthwhile because seed dispersal increases both the seeds’ and the species’ chances…

soil seed bank: The role of seed dormancy: Seed dormancy and environmental constraints on germination influence various characteristics of soil seed banks. For example, seed dormancy determines how long a seed can remain viable in the soil. Factors such as embryo immaturity, chemical inhibitors, and physical constraints influence seed dormancy. Light…