Imad Mugniyah: …masterminded the 1985 hijacking of TWA flight 847. Over the course of more than two weeks, the plane, originally scheduled to fly from Athens to Rome, made multiple trips between Beirut and Algiers. During a stop in Beirut, one passenger, a U.S. Navy diver, was shot at close range and…

John Henry Twachtman was a painter and etcher and one of the first American Impressionists. Twachtman went to Munich in 1875 to study painting and adopted the broad brushwork and warm, dark coloring of the Munich school. In 1883 he moved to Paris, where he studied at the Académie Julian. During

Mark Twain was an American humorist, journalist, lecturer, and novelist who acquired international fame for his travel narratives, especially The Innocents Abroad (1869), Roughing It (1872), and Life on the Mississippi (1883), and for his adventure stories of boyhood, especially The Adventures of

Shania Twain is a Canadian singer and musician who, with her mix of country melodies and pop vocals, became one of the most popular crossover artists of the mid-1990s. Edwards took the surname of her stepfather, Jerry Twain, at a young age. After the family moved north to Timmins, Ontario, she

shad: The twaite shad (A. finta) is smaller.

Al-Ṭūr: …in the vicinity by the Twara Bedouin, for whom Al-Ṭūr is a traditional gathering place. Their crops include dates, vegetables, and barley. Stock raising is economically important; camels, donkeys, sheep, and goats are raised, but the Twara must migrate seasonally to find pasture for their flocks. Al-Ṭūr has also developed…

Stanisław Leśniewski: Life: His dissertation was approved by Kazimierz Twardowski, who, for his wide-ranging influence on Polish intellectual life, is known as the father of contemporary Polish philosophy. Twardowski, like Edmund Husserl (the founder of Phenomenology), was a student in Vienna of Franz Brentano, an Aristotelian and Scholastic philosopher who, although not himself…

Samuel Twardowski was a Polish poet, diarist, and essayist who was very popular in his time. An impoverished Polish nobleman, Twardowski was a hanger-on at various magnates’ courts. While traveling as secretary with one of his patrons on a diplomatic mission to Turkey, he wrote a diary of the

Maria Kuncewiczowa: Her first novel, Twarz mężczyzny (1928; “The Face of the Male”), established her gift as a writer who excelled in penetrating psychological portraits expressed with subtle irony and poetical lyricism. Cudzoziemka (1936; The Stranger) is a psychoanalytic study of alienation in an ethnically foreign country. Her novel Dni…

A Visit from St. Nicholas, narrative poem first published anonymously in the Troy (New York) Sentinel on December 23, 1823. It became an enduring part of Christmas tradition, and, because of its wide popularity, both Nicholas, the patron saint of Christmas, and the legendary figure Santa Claus were

sangoma: Calling: …who are called, known as twasa (apprentices), often try in vain to be cured by modern medicine before ending up with a sangoma who can correctly identify ukutwasa. This identification begins an initiation period, which can last from months to years depending on the circumstances.

twayblade, any of the orchids of the genera Liparis and Neottia (family Orchidaceae). The common name derives from the characteristic pair of leaves borne at the base of the flowering stalk. Liparis, also known as false twayblade, has about 320 species of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids

Harry Mulisch: Twee vrouwen (1975; Two Women; filmed 1979) explored love between two women. Perhaps his most popular work is his novel De aanslag (1982; The Assault; filmed 1985), in which one family betrays another during the war. The reason for that betrayal is revealed to the only surviving member…

tweed, any of several fabrics of medium-to-heavy weight, rough in surface texture, and produced in a great variety of colour and weave effects largely determined by the place of manufacture. The descriptions “Scottish,” “Welsh,” “Cheviot,” “Saxony,” “Harris,” “Yorkshire,” “Donegal,” and “West of

Tweed River, principal river of the North Coast district, New South Wales, Australia, usually associated with the Clarence and Richmond rivers. Of its three arms, two rise in the McPherson Range and the third in the Tweed Range of the Eastern Highlands. The river flows 50 miles (80 km) east past

Boss Tweed was an American politician who, with his “Tweed ring” cronies, systematically plundered New York City of sums estimated at between $30 million and $200 million. Tweed was a bookkeeper and a volunteer fireman when elected alderman on his second try in 1851, and the following year he was

River Tweed, river in the Scottish Borders council area of southeastern Scotland, flowing eastward for 97 miles (156 km) and forming for 17 miles (27 km) the border with England. For the last 2 miles (3 km) of its course, the Tweed flows through England before entering the North Sea at

Boss Tweed was an American politician who, with his “Tweed ring” cronies, systematically plundered New York City of sums estimated at between $30 million and $200 million. Tweed was a bookkeeper and a volunteer fireman when elected alderman on his second try in 1851, and the following year he was

Boss Tweed was an American politician who, with his “Tweed ring” cronies, systematically plundered New York City of sums estimated at between $30 million and $200 million. Tweed was a bookkeeper and a volunteer fireman when elected alderman on his second try in 1851, and the following year he was

John Hay, 2nd earl and 1st marquess of Tweeddale was a British statesman and the lord high chancellor of Scotland from 1692 to 1696. During the English Civil Wars he initially supported Charles I but then joined the Covenanters and fought in the Scottish ranks against the king at Marston Moor (July

John Hay, 2nd earl and 1st marquess of Tweeddale was a British statesman and the lord high chancellor of Scotland from 1692 to 1696. During the English Civil Wars he initially supported Charles I but then joined the Covenanters and fought in the Scottish ranks against the king at Marston Moor (July

Tweedledum and Tweedledee, fictional characters in Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass (1872). In keeping with the mirror-image scheme of Carroll’s book, Tweedledum and Tweedledee are two rotund little men who are identical except that they are left-right reversals of each other. In the 18th

Tweedledum and Tweedledee, fictional characters in Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass (1872). In keeping with the mirror-image scheme of Carroll’s book, Tweedledum and Tweedledee are two rotund little men who are identical except that they are left-right reversals of each other. In the 18th

Dumfriesshire: …the Lowther Hills and the Tweedsmuir Hills, which reach an elevation of 2,696 feet (822 metres) at White Coomb. Dumfriesshire lies entirely within the council area of Dumfries and Galloway.

the Jayhawks: …Replacements’ Chris Mars, and Wilco’s Jeff Tweedy. In 2008 Louris made the solo album Vagabonds. Later that year he and Olson, who had begun playing together again, released Ready for the Flood, which was reminiscent of their early Jayhawks collaborations. When interest in the Jayhawks was rekindled by the release…

the Jayhawks: …Replacements’ Chris Mars, and Wilco’s Jeff Tweedy. In 2008 Louris made the solo album Vagabonds. Later that year he and Olson, who had begun playing together again, released Ready for the Flood, which was reminiscent of their early Jayhawks collaborations. When interest in the Jayhawks was rekindled by the release…

neologism: Likewise, the word tweet (originally, “to make a short, high sound”) was analogously refitted to refer to a brief message distributed on the social media platform Twitter (from twitter, “the short, high sounds that birds make”). New modes of communication, with names like social networks and texting, gave…

loudspeaker: …high-frequency speaker is called a tweeter. In many sound reproduction systems a third, or midrange, speaker is also used, and in a few systems there are separate “subwoofers” and “supertweeters” to reproduce the extremities of the audible spectrum.

hand tool: Smelting: Tweezers were invented, but whether for depilatory or surgical purpose is unknown; there are artifacts presumed to be scalpels. Plates, nails, and rivets also developed early.

hand tool: Smelting: Tweezers were invented, but whether for depilatory or surgical purpose is unknown; there are artifacts presumed to be scalpels. Plates, nails, and rivets also developed early.

number symbolism: 12: The number 12 is strongly associated with the heavens—the 12 months, the 12 signs of the zodiac, and the 12 stations of the Moon and of the Sun. The ancients recognized 12 main northern stars and 12 main southern stars. There are 24 =…

Twelfth Amendment, amendment (1804) to the Constitution of the United States repealing and revising presidential election procedures. The catalyst for the Twelfth Amendment was the U.S. presidential election of 1800. Under the original text of the Constitution, political participation was at first

Muḥammad al-Mahdī al-Ḥujjah is venerated by the Ithnā ʿAshariyyah, or Twelver sect, the main body of Shīʿite Muslims. It is believed that Muḥammad al-Mahdī al-Ḥujjah has been concealed by God (a doctrine known as ghaybah, or occultation) and that he will reappear in time as the mahdī, a messianic

Bellville, city, Western Cape province, South Africa. It lies east of Cape Town within the Cape Peninsula urban area. Originally a village called Twelfth Mile Stone, Bellville was established by proclamation in 1861 and named after Charles D. Bell, surveyor general of the Cape. It became a town in

Twelfth Night, comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1600–02 and printed in the First Folio of 1623 from a transcript of an authorial draft or possibly a playbook. One of Shakespeare’s finest comedies, Twelfth Night precedes the great tragedies and problem plays in order of

Carnival: …the Carnival season opens on Twelfth Night (January 6) and climaxes with the Mardi Gras festivities commencing 10 days before Shrove Tuesday. The French name Mardi Gras means Fat Tuesday, from the custom of using all the fats in the home before Lent. In Italy, Venice became a gathering place…

Trevor Nunn: …movies, including Lady Jane (1986), Twelfth Night or What You Will (1996), and Red Joan (2018). In 2002 he was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in recognition of his services to theatre.

Twelfth Night, comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1600–02 and printed in the First Folio of 1623 from a transcript of an authorial draft or possibly a playbook. One of Shakespeare’s finest comedies, Twelfth Night precedes the great tragedies and problem plays in order of

number symbolism: 12: The number 12 is strongly associated with the heavens—the 12 months, the 12 signs of the zodiac, and the 12 stations of the Moon and of the Sun. The ancients recognized 12 main northern stars and 12 main southern stars. There are 24 =…

Franklin J. Schaffner: …more than 100 shows, including Twelve Angry Men (1954), which earned him an Emmy Award. He also won Emmys for directing and cowriting The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial (1955), which aired on the Ford Star Jubilee, and for directing (1961–62) several episodes of the weekly series The Defenders.

Twelve Apostles, spectacular group of rock formations that line the coast of southwestern Victoria, Australia. Part of Port Campbell National Park, the Twelve Apostles lie in the Southern Ocean just east of Port Campbell and about 275 km (170 miles) west of Melbourne. They are a popular tourist

Moscow: The Kremlin of Moscow: …gun are located the mid-17th-century Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles and the adjoining Patriarchal Palace.

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Structure of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: …president and two councillors), the Council of the Twelve Apostles, the First Quorum of Seventy, and the presiding bishop and two councillors, who manage the church’s property and welfare programs. All are “sustained in office” by the regular and now-ritualized vote of confidence at the semiannual General Conference, which is…

Germany: The revolution of 1525: …the common man” are the Twelve Articles drawn up for the Swabian peasantry by an Evangelical cleric and associate of Zwingli’s. Article 3 of this document asserts, “The Bible proves that we are free, and we want to be free,” while another article claims for every congregation the right to…

Connemara: …sharp-peaked quartzite ranges of the Twelve Bens and Maumturks, with many summits more than 2,000 feet (610 metres) high. The population of the region is concentrated in a narrow coastal belt in which the cultivable land was built up from sand, seaweed, and manures, and the fields are protected by…

Mel Brooks: First films: …Producers with another broad comedy, The Twelve Chairs (1970), that was set in newly communist Russia and concerned a trove of jewels hidden inside a dining-chair leg. A priest, an aristocrat, and a confidence man vie to be the first to discover them, to great comic effect, though the film…

Ilf and Petrov: …their collaboration, Dvenadtsat stulyev (The Twelve Chairs), a rollicking picaresque novel of farcical adventures within a framework of telling satire on Soviet life during the New Economic Policy (NEP) period. The work was an instant success, and its rogue-hero—the irrepressible Ostap Bender—became overnight, and remained, one of the most…

St. Petersburg: Vasilyevsky Island: Farther back, the Twelve Colleges building (Trezzini, 1722–42), originally intended to house the supreme governmental bodies of Peter, is now the home of the city’s state university. The building is divided into 12 identical but independent sections and runs at right angles to the Neva embankment, which is…

Lollard: …Lollard teaching appeared in the Twelve Conclusions, drawn up to be presented to the Parliament of 1395. They began by stating that the church in England had become subservient to her “stepmother the great church of Rome.” The present priesthood was not the one ordained by Christ, while the Roman…

Epiphany: …6 is known as the Twelve Days of Christmas. Epiphany is celebrated with special pastries in many countries, and children often receive small gifts in their shoes in honour of the Magi’s gifts to the infant Jesus. The holiday also has a number of traditions involving water as a reflection…

bugaku: The masks called the “Twelve Deities” (1486; Tō Temple, Kyōto), carved by Buddhist sculptors, are among the oldest and best-known examples. A bugaku program usually begins with a selection performed by the head dancers of the two forms, followed by alternate dances from both repertoires.

Takuma Shōga, original name Takuma Tamemoto: …was a group of the “Twelve Gods,” painted on screens, in 1191, for the Tō Temple. The painting of the Moon deity, the only one of the 12 that is extant, exemplifies the style of iconography introduced by Shōga and continued by the Takuma family. It contrasts with earlier painting…

Terry Gilliam: …take on time travel with 12 Monkeys (1995), starring Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt, and he garnered a Palme d’Or nomination at the Cannes film festival for his adaptation of Hunter S. Thompson’s Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998); the latter featured Johnny Depp as Thompson. Gilliam

floral decoration: 18th century: … for a nursery catalog called The Twelve Months of Flowers (1730). Since the flowers in each bouquet are numbered and keyed to a list at the bottom of the plate, and are one-of-a-kind collections, they are not truly representative of live arrangements. Jacob van Huysum’s monthly paintings display flowers more…

Twelve O’Clock High, American war film, released in 1949, that was noted for its groundbreaking depiction of the psychological effects of war on soldiers. American attorney Harvey Stovall (played by Dean Jagger) is a tourist in London in 1949 when he happens upon an old Toby jug (a beer jug in the

Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, pseudepigraphal work (not in any biblical canon) purporting to present the last words of the 12 sons of Jacob—founders of the 12 tribes of Israel. The book is an imitation of the “blessing of Jacob” described in chapter 49 of Genesis, but, unlike its model, this

ancient Italic people: Organization: …a league of the “Twelve Peoples” of Etruria, formed for religious purposes but evidently having some political functions; it met annually at the chief sanctuary of the Etruscans, the Fanum Voltumnae, or shrine of Voltumna, near Volsinii. The precise location of the shrine is unknown, though it may have…

Derek Mahon: Mahon published his first collection, Twelve Poems, in 1965. Other collections include Night-Crossing (1968), The Snow Party (1975), The Hunt by Night (1982), Harbour Lights (2005), Life on Earth (2008), and New Selected Poems (2016).

The Twelve, book of the Hebrew Bible that contains the books of 12 minor prophets: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. In most versions of the Christian Old Testament, each of these 12 is treated as a separate book (e.g., the Book of

Law of the Twelve Tables, the earliest written legislation of ancient Roman law, traditionally dated 451–450 bc. The Twelve Tables allegedly were written by 10 commissioners (decemvirs) at the insistence of the plebeians, who felt their legal rights were hampered by the fact that court judgments

Twelve Tribes of Israel, in the Bible, the Hebrew people who, after the death of Moses, took possession of the Promised Land of Canaan under the leadership of Joshua. Because the tribes were named after sons or grandsons of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel after he wrestled an angel of the

Twelve Variations on “Ah, vous dirai-je, Maman,” K 265, set of variations for solo piano composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and published in Vienna in 1785. The variations are based upon the French folk song “Ah, vous dirai-je, Maman” (English: “Ah, Mother, if I could tell you”), with the same

Solomon Northup: …the basis for his book Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1853, from a Cotton Plantation near the Red River in Louisiana (1853).

Netherlands: The Twelve Years’ Truce: The Twelve Years’ Truce, which began in 1609, arose out of political controversies that were to dominate the republic for the next two centuries. The collaboration between the house of Orange and the leaders of the province of Holland, which had thwarted…

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Blok: …novel in verse Dvenadtsat (1918; The Twelve) and the poem “Skify” (1918; “The Scythians”). Many early readers of The Twelve regarded its depiction of Christ in revolutionary Petrograd as blasphemous, but through it Blok expressed vividly the mood of the time. He quickly became disillusioned with the Bolshevik government, however,…

The Twelve, book of the Hebrew Bible that contains the books of 12 minor prophets: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. In most versions of the Christian Old Testament, each of these 12 is treated as a separate book (e.g., the Book of

Apostle, (from Greek apostolos, “person sent”), any of the 12 disciples chosen by Jesus Christ. The term is sometimes also applied to others, especially Paul, who was converted to Christianity a few years after Jesus’ death. In Luke 6:13 it is stated that Jesus chose 12 from his disciples “whom he

alcoholism: Social treatment: …strive to follow the “12 Steps,” a nonsectarian spiritual program that includes reliance on God—or any “higher power” as understood by each individual—to help prevent a relapse into drinking. It also includes self-examination; personal acknowledgment of, confession of, and taking responsibility for the harm caused by the member’s alcohol-related…

history of Mesopotamia: Babylonia under the 2nd dynasty of Isin: …epic is known as the Twelve-Tablet Poem; it contains about 3,000 verses. It is distinguished by its greater emphasis on the human qualities of Gilgamesh and his friend Enkidu; this quality makes it one of the great works of world literature.

12-tone music, large body of music, written roughly since World War I, that uses the so-called 12-tone method or technique of composition. The Austrian-born composer Arnold Schoenberg is credited with the invention of this technique, although other composers (e.g., the American composer Charles

Twelver Shiʿah, the largest of the three Shiʿi groups extant today. The Twelvers believe that, at the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 ce, the spiritual-political leadership (the imamate) of the Muslim community was ordained to pass down to ʿAlī, the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law, and then to

William Henry Twenhofel was a geologist noted for his investigations of sedimentation processes. He taught at the East Texas Normal College from 1904 until 1907, when he joined the faculty of the University of Kansas (Lawrence). In 1916 he moved to the University of Wisconsin (Madison), where he

canals and inland waterways: Major inland waterways of Europe: The Twente Canal, opened in 1936, improved communication with the industrial east. Most important of the postwar projects was the building of the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal to enhance the capital’s value as a transshipment port. The Noord-Hollandsch Canal from Amsterdam to Den Helder was constructed, and the…

Twentieth Amendment, amendment (1933) to the Constitution of the United States indicating the beginning and ending dates of presidential and congressional terms. It was proposed by Sen. George W. Norris of Nebraska on March, 2, 1932, and was certified the following January. Commonly known as the

Howard Hawks: Films of the mid-1930s of Howard Hawks: and Charles MacArthur, he crafted Twentieth Century (1934) into an enduring screwball comedy, establishing (along with Frank Capra’s It Happened One Night [1934]) the genre’s conventions: seemingly mismatched lovers at the centre of unlikely romances, off-the-wall characters and behaviour, and zany situations. Carole Lombard gave a classic comic performance as…

20th Century Studios, major American film studio formed in 1935 by the merger of Twentieth Century Pictures and the Fox Film Corporation. Since 2019 it has been a subsidiary of the Disney Company. Headquarters are in Los Angeles. William Fox was a New York City exhibitor who began distributing

20th Century Studios, major American film studio formed in 1935 by the merger of Twentieth Century Pictures and the Fox Film Corporation. Since 2019 it has been a subsidiary of the Disney Company. Headquarters are in Los Angeles. William Fox was a New York City exhibitor who began distributing

Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, (Feb. 14–25, 1956), event notable as the first stage of First Secretary Nikita S. Khrushchev’s program to repudiate Stalinism in the Soviet Union. Highlighting the Twentieth Congress were two addresses given by Khrushchev: the famous

number symbolism: 20: The number 20 has little mystical significance, but it is historically interesting because the Mayan number system used base 20. When counting time the Maya replaced 20 × 20 = 400 by 20 × 18 = 360 to approximate the number of days in…

Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair, verse collection by Chilean poet and diplomat Pablo Neruda, published in 1924 as Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada. The book immediately established the author’s reputation and went on to become his most popular book; it became one of the most

Tino Sehgal: …in Ghent, Belgium, he choreographed Twenty Minutes for the Twentieth Century (1999), in which he danced nude in tribute to ballet innovators ranging from Vaslav Nijinsky to Pina Bausch. The performances varied, and after staging the work in museum settings, Sehgal began to question the passive role of the audience.

Googoosh: … (2012), ʿAks-e Khoṣūṣī (2015), and Twenty One (2021). She continued to perform throughout the world, undertaking a tour (2015–16) related to her 2015 album release that took her to Canada, Turkey, Australia, Germany, and across the United States.

twenty questions, guessing game in which one player thinks of an object and informs his opponents whether it is “animal, vegetable, or mineral” or, in some games, “abstract.” The others in turn ask questions designed to limit the field of inquiry and close in upon the answer. Only 20 questions are

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, novel by Jules Verne, first published in French as Vingt Mille Lieues sous les mers in 1869–70. It is perhaps the most popular book of his science-fiction series Voyages extraordinaires (1863–1910). Professor Pierre Aronnax, the narrator of the story, boards

George M. Cohan: …Cohans” is in his autobiography, Twenty Years on Broadway and the Years It Took to Get There (1925).

international relations: Structures, institutions, and levels of analysis: In The Twenty Years’ Crisis, 1919–1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations (1939), E.H. Carr contended that individuals’ interest in the creation of a peaceful world could determine the foreign policies of democracies. A world constituted entirely of democracies, according to this view, would…

Les Vingt, group of artists who exhibited together in Belgium during the years 1891–93, having been brought together by a common interest in Symbolist painting. Like their French and German contemporaries, these painters, who were centred on Brussels, had shifted the emphasis in their works from

Les Vingt, group of artists who exhibited together in Belgium during the years 1891–93, having been brought together by a common interest in Symbolist painting. Like their French and German contemporaries, these painters, who were centred on Brussels, had shifted the emphasis in their works from

Twenty-fifth Amendment, amendment (1967) to the Constitution of the United States that set forth succession rules relating to vacancies and disabilities of the office of the president and of the vice president. It was proposed by the U.S. Congress on July 6, 1965, and it was ratified on Feb. 10,

Twenty-first Amendment, amendment (1933) to the Constitution of the United States that officially repealed federal prohibition, which had been enacted through the Eighteenth Amendment, adopted in 1919. The temperance movement was a strong force in U.S. politics in the early 20th century, enabling

twenty-five, Ireland’s national card game, related to the classic Spanish game of ombre. It was played under the name maw by the British King James I and was later called spoil five from one of its principal objectives. From it derives the Canadian game of forty-fives. Twenty-five is a

Twenty-five Articles of Religion, creed that was prepared by John Wesley, founder of Methodism, for the Methodist church in the United States. The creed was accepted at the conference in Baltimore, Md., in 1784, when the Methodist Episcopal Church was formally organized. The Twenty-five Articles

Earle Brown: Brown’s first open-form composition, Twenty-five Pages (1953) for 1–25 pianists, has a score of 25 pages that are to be arranged in a sequence chosen by the performer(s). Most of Brown’s later work further developed graphic notation and open form.

Geneva: Class conflicts: …the powers of the aristocratic Council of Twenty-five were systematically enlarged at the expense of the General Council, which eventually was summoned only to rubber-stamp the decisions of the magistrates.

Twenty-fourth Amendment, amendment (1964) to the Constitution of the United States that prohibited the federal and state governments from imposing poll taxes before a citizen could participate in a federal election. It was proposed by the U.S. Congress on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the

blackjack, gambling card game popular in casinos throughout the world. Its origin is disputed, but it is certainly related to several French and Italian gambling games. In Britain since World War I, the informal game has been called pontoon. Players hope to get a total card value of 21 or to come

Television in the United States: The year of transition: 1959: …appearances on the quiz show Twenty-One (NBC, 1956–58) by, among other things, parlaying his newfound celebrity into a guest host job on the popular NBC morning show Today (begun 1952). Van Doren consistently denied any involvement in the scandal until Nov. 2, 1959, when, after being subpoenaed by a congressional…

William Pène du Bois: …awarded the Newbery Medal for The Twenty-One Balloons (1947).

Twenty-one Demands, (Jan. 18, 1915), claims made by the Japanese government to special privileges in China during World War I. The major European powers, which already enjoyed similar privileges in China, could not oppose Japan’s move because of their involvement in the war. On May 7 Japan

Third International: There Lenin established the Twenty-one Points, the conditions of admission to the Communist International. These prerequisites for Comintern membership required all parties to model their structure on disciplined lines in conformity with the Soviet pattern and to expel moderate socialists and pacifists.