cereal processing: Flaked cereals: The manufacture of wheat flakes is similar to that of corn flakes. Special machinery separates the individual grains so that they can be flaked and finally toasted.

Rice Mother: …the last sheaf is designated Wheat Mother, Barley Mother, and other grain names).

Denver: Thornton, Westminster, and Wheat Ridge; Golden, about 12 miles (19 km) west of Denver, and Boulder, about 25 miles (40 km) northwest, are also part of the metropolitan region. Greater Denver is at the centre of a string of urban areas that stretches along the Front Range from…

Wheat Belt, principal crop-growing region of Western Australia, occupying about 60,000 square miles (160,000 square km) in the southwestern section of the state. Served by the Perth-Albany Railway, the crescent-shaped belt is delineated on the west by a line drawn from Geraldton south through

wheatear, (genus Oenanthe), any of a group of approximately 20 species of thrushes belonging to the family Muscicapidae. (Some classifications place these birds in family Turdidae.) They resemble wagtails in having pied plumage and the tail-wagging habit (with body bobbing). Wheatears are about 15

wheatgrass: Wheatgrass is also the name of juice derived from seedlings of true wheat (Triticum aestivum), sometimes consumed as a health food.

wheatgrass, (genus Agropyron), genus of wheatlike grasses in the family Poaceae, found throughout the North Temperate Zone. Several species, including desert wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) and crested wheatgrass (A. cristatum), are good forage plants and are often used as soil binders in the

James Buchanan: Retirement: …(March 4), Buchanan retired to Wheatland, his home near Lancaster. His reputation suffered during his years in retirement. Congress, the Republican Party, President Lincoln, the U.S. military, and national newspapers all ridiculed his handling of the Fort Sumter crisis and his failure to prevent the secession of Southern states. The…

John Wheatley was a British Labourite politician and a champion of the working classes. Educated in village schools in Lanarkshire, Scot., Wheatley worked in the coal mines until 1891. After serving two years on the Lanarkshire county council, he was elected to the Glasgow city council in 1912. He

urban culture: Definitions of the city and urban cultures: …of cities within their societies, Paul Wheatley in The Pivot of the Four Quarters (1971) has taken the earliest form of urban culture to be a ceremonial or cult centre that organized and dominated a surrounding rural region through its sacred practices and authority. According to Wheatley, only later did…

Phillis Wheatley was the first Black woman to become a poet of note in the United States. The girl who was to be named Phillis Wheatley was captured in West Africa and taken to Boston by slave traders in 1761. She was enslaved by a tailor, John Wheatley, and his wife, Susanna. They named her

Wheaton, city, seat (1867) of DuPage county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. It is a suburb of Chicago, located about 25 miles (40 km) west of downtown. The first settlers (1837) were Erastus Gary and brothers Warren and Jesse Wheaton, all of whom came from New England. The site was laid out in 1853

Wheaton College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Norton, Massachusetts, U.S. It is a liberal arts college offering bachelor’s degree programs in such areas as biological and physical sciences, computer science, economics, music, psychology, and humanities. Students may

Wheaton College, private, coeducational liberal arts college in Wheaton, Illinois, U.S. Wheaton College began as a preparatory school, the Illinois Institute, built by Wesleyan Methodists in 1854. It became a college in 1860 and was renamed for an early donor, Warren L. Wheaton, who also cofounded

Wheaton College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Norton, Massachusetts, U.S. It is a liberal arts college offering bachelor’s degree programs in such areas as biological and physical sciences, computer science, economics, music, psychology, and humanities. Students may

Henry Wheaton was an American maritime jurist, diplomat, and author of a standard work on international law. After graduation from Rhode Island College (now Brown University) in 1802, Wheaton practiced law at Providence from 1806 to 1812. He moved to New York City in 1812 to become editor of the

bridge: The Wheatstone bridge has four arms, all predominantly resistive. A bridge can measure other quantities in addition to resistance, depending upon the type of circuit elements used in the arms. It can measure inductance, capacitance, and frequency with the proper combination and arrangement of inductances and…

Sir Charles Wheatstone was an English physicist who popularized the Wheatstone bridge, a device that accurately measured electrical resistance and became widely used in laboratories. Wheatstone was appointed professor of experimental philosophy at King’s College, London, in 1834, the same year that

Joss Whedon is an American screenwriter, producer, director, and television series creator best known for his snappy dialogue and his original series featuring strong females in lead roles, including the cult TV hit Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). Whedon was raised in Manhattan the son of a

Joss Whedon is an American screenwriter, producer, director, and television series creator best known for his snappy dialogue and his original series featuring strong females in lead roles, including the cult TV hit Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003). Whedon was raised in Manhattan the son of a

wheel, a circular frame of hard material that may be solid, partly solid, or spoked and that is capable of turning on an axle. A Sumerian (Erech) pictograph, dated about 3500 bc, shows a sledge equipped with wheels. The idea of wheeled transportation may have come from the use of logs for rollers,

wheel and axle, basic machine component for amplifying force. In its earliest form it was probably used for raising weights or water buckets from wells. Its principle of operation is demonstrated by the large and small gears attached to the same shaft, as shown at A in the illustration. The

rotifer, any of the approximately 2,000 species of microscopic, aquatic invertebrates that constitute the phylum Rotifera. Rotifers are so named because the circular arrangement of moving cilia (tiny hairlike structures) at the front end resembles a rotating wheel. Although common in freshwater on

assassin bug: Predatory behaviour: The wheel bug (Arilus cristatus) is recognized by the notched semicircular crest on the top of the thorax. The adult is brown to gray and large, about 25 to 36 mm (1 to 1.5 inches); the nymph is red with black marks. Wheel bugs occur in…

farthingale: …an elongated torso, and the Italian farthingale, which was a smaller and more delicate version, balanced equally at the hips and frequently worn alone as a skirt.

weight throw: The roth cleas, or wheel feat, reputedly was a major test of the ancient Tailteann Games in Ireland. The competition consisted of various methods of throwing: from shoulder or side, with one or two hands, and with or without a run. The implements used varied widely…

wheel lock, device for igniting the powder in a firearm such as a musket. It was developed in about 1515. The wheel lock struck a spark to ignite powder on the pan of a musket. It did so by means of a holder that pressed a shard of flint or a piece of iron pyrite against an iron wheel with a milled

Jeopardy!: …Griffin, who would also create Wheel of Fortune. Griffin wanted to launch a game show but found that networks were hesitant after the 1950s quiz show scandals. He landed on the idea of Jeopardy! during a conversation with his wife when she asked him, “Why don’t you give [the contestants]…

clock: The wheelwork: The wheelwork, or train, of a clock is the series of moving wheels (gears) that transmit motion from a weight or spring, via the escapement, to the minute and hour hands. It is most important that the wheels and pinions be made accurately and…

Trochodendrales: Trochodendron aralioides, of South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, is a small broadleaf evergreen tree up to 12 metres (about 40 feet) in height with pinnately veined leaves (i.e., the leaves have a midrib from which comblike lateral veins arise) and flowers in clusters at the…

rose window, in Gothic architecture, decorated circular window, often glazed with stained glass. Scattered examples of decorated circular windows existed in the Romanesque period (Santa Maria in Pomposa, Italy, 10th century). Only toward the middle of the 12th century, however, did the idea appear

farthingale: …with variations such as the French farthingale, also known as the wheel, or great, farthingale, which was tilted upward in the back, often with the help of a padded pillow called a “bum roll,” to create the illusion of an elongated torso, and the Italian farthingale, which was a smaller…

wheelchair, any seating surface (e.g., a chair) that has wheels affixed to it in order to help an individual move from one place to another. Wheelchairs range from large, bulky, manually powered models to high-tech electric-powered models that can climb stairs. The modern standard wheelchair design

fencing: Wheelchair fencing: One of fencing’s most recent developments is wheelchair fencing, which was introduced by German-born English neurosurgeon Sir Ludwig Guttmann at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury, England. Fencing was one of many sports therapies Guttmann introduced for World War II veterans who had suffered…

electric wheelchair, any seating surface with wheels affixed to it that is propelled by an electrically based power source, typically motors and batteries. The first motor-powered wheelchairs appeared in the early 1900s; however, demand for them did not exist until after World War II. The first

history of the wheelchair, the development over time of wheelchairs. Precisely when the first wheeled chairs were invented and used for disabled persons is unknown. Some scholars suspect that the history of the wheelchair begins sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries bce, possibly with the

Christopher Wheeldon is a British-born ballet soloist and choreographer, known for his work with New York City Ballet, its connected institution, the School of American Ballet, and the Royal Ballet, London. In his choreography, Wheeldon shunned trendiness and preferred the classical and lyrical to

armoured vehicle: Wheeled armoured vehicles: Many countries have also developed wheeled armoured carriers to serve in a variety of roles, including infantry transport, reconnaissance, antitank defense, fire support, engineering, command and control, and medical evacuation. Wheeled vehicles generally have advantages over tracked vehicles in improved on-road performance, better fuel economy, and lower maintenance costs. They…

armoured vehicle: Wheeled armoured vehicles: Many countries have also developed wheeled armoured carriers to serve in a variety of roles, including infantry transport, reconnaissance, antitank defense, fire support, engineering, command and control, and medical evacuation. Wheeled vehicles generally have advantages over tracked vehicles in improved on-road performance, better fuel economy, and lower maintenance costs. They…

history of the organization of work: Agricultural production: The wheeled plow, gradually introduced over several centuries, further reinforced communal work organization. Earlier plows had merely scratched the surface of the soil. The new plow was equipped with a heavy knife (colter) to dig under the surface, thereby making strip fields possible. Yet because the…

driving and coaching: …respectively, the leaders and the wheelers. Three horses, two wheelers and a single leader, are known as a unicorn team. In Russia and Hungary three horses are driven abreast, the centre horse trotting and the outside horses galloping; such a team is known as a troika.

bristlecone pine: Oldest living organisms: …stand of these pines on Wheeler Peak in eastern Nevada is known to contain several trees over 3,000 years old and was the site of the Prometheus tree, which was cut down and dated to be just under 5,000 years old. The Methuselah tree of the White Mountains of California…

Wheeler Peak, highest point (13,161 feet [4,011 metres]) in New Mexico, U.S. The peak is located in Taos county, 70 miles (113 km) north-northeast of Santa Fe, in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and within Carson National Forest. It was named for Major George M. Wheeler, who surveyed the area during

Hollywood blacklist: …began in 1941, when Senators Burton Wheeler and Gerald Nye led an investigation of Hollywood’s role in promoting Soviet propaganda. Wendell Willkie, the lawyer who defended the studios, revealed the senators’ conflation of Judaism with communism, casting the senators as anti-Semites rather than patriots. Those hearings

Tet Offensive: The American response: Earle Wheeler, Westmoreland renewed an earlier request for more troops. His request was initially denied, however, as Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson did not desire any expansion of the ground war.

Ella Wheeler Wilcox was an American poet and journalist who is perhaps best remembered for verse tinged with an eroticism that, while rather oblique, was still unconventional for her time. Ella Wheeler from an early age was an avid reader of popular literature, especially the novels of E.D.E.N.

Rocky Mountains: Study and exploration: …the 100th-meridian survey led by George Wheeler (1872–79), and the expeditions to the Green and Colorado rivers in Wyoming, Utah, Arizona, and southern Nevada led by John Wesley Powell (1871–79). The maps and preliminary observations of these important surveys laid the groundwork for the great mass of scientific research that…

John Archibald Wheeler was a physicist, the first American involved in the theoretical development of the atomic bomb. He also originated a novel approach to the unified field theory and popularized the term black hole. Wheeler, who was the son of librarians, first became interested in science as a

Joseph Wheeler was a Confederate cavalry general during the American Civil War. Wheeler entered the U.S. cavalry from West Point in 1859 but soon resigned to enter the Confederate service. He commanded a brigade at the Battle of Shiloh (April 6–7, 1862), but soon afterward he returned to the

Laura Wheeler Waring was an American painter and educator who often depicted African American subjects. The daughter of upper-class parents, Laura Wheeler graduated from Hartford (Connecticut) High School (with honours) during a time when few African American women attended school. In 1908 she

Taos: …above sea level, culminating in Mount Wheeler (13,161 feet [4,011 metres]), the highest point in New Mexico. Western Taos county is a plateau region with isolated mountains, including Ute Peak (10,093 feet [3,076 metres]). The Rio Grande flows through the Picuris Range in a deep gorge, curving from north to…

Simon Wheeler, fictional character, the garrulous, folksy storyteller in “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” and “Jim Wolfe and the Tom-cats,” both short stories by Mark

Sir Mortimer Wheeler was a British archaeologist noted for his discoveries in Great Britain and India and for his advancement of scientific method in archaeology. After education at Bradford Grammar School and University College London and military service in World War I, Wheeler directed

Sir Mortimer Wheeler was a British archaeologist noted for his discoveries in Great Britain and India and for his advancement of scientific method in archaeology. After education at Bradford Grammar School and University College London and military service in World War I, Wheeler directed

William A. Wheeler was the 19th vice president of the United States (1877–81) who, with Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes, took office by the decision of an Electoral Commission appointed to rule on contested electoral ballots in the 1876 election. Wheeler was the son of Almon Wheeler, a

William A. Wheeler was the 19th vice president of the United States (1877–81) who, with Republican President Rutherford B. Hayes, took office by the decision of an Electoral Commission appointed to rule on contested electoral ballots in the 1876 election. Wheeler was the son of Almon Wheeler, a

William Morton Wheeler was an American entomologist recognized as one of the world’s foremost authorities on ants and other social insects. Two of his works, Ants: Their Structure, Development, and Behavior (1910) and Social Life Among the Insects (1923), long served as standard references on their

German-American Bund: …in 1940 its national secretary, James Wheeler-Hill, was convicted of perjury. After the United States’ entry into World War II, the Bund disintegrated.

Indian Reorganization Act, (June 18, 1934), measure enacted by the U.S. Congress, aimed at decreasing federal control of American Indian affairs and increasing Indian self-government and responsibility. In gratitude for the Indians’ services to the country in World War I, Congress in 1924

quackery: Legislation to curb quackery: …Act of 1938 and the Wheeler-Lea Act (also 1938) provided a certain amount of governmental control over claims made in advertising, in newspapers and magazines, over radio and television, in circulars, and on labels. Such controls are exercised only on products in interstate commerce, however. Individual states vary in the…

DC Comics: Corporate history: Pulp writer Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in 1934. The following year the company published New Fun—the first comic book to feature entirely new material rather than reprints of newspaper strips. In need of cash, Wheeler-Nicholson partnered with magazine distributors Harry Donenfeld and Jack Liebowitz and…

Brad Paisley: With Wheelhouse (2013) Paisley continued to explore issues of cultural identity, though with mixed results. Whereas the zippy single “Southern Comfort Zone” set a nostalgic tribute to Southern heritage against an expansive view of the world beyond, the ballad “Accidental Racist,” which featured rapper LL Cool…

Wheeling, city, seat of Ohio county, in the northern panhandle of West Virginia, U.S. It lies on the Ohio River (there bridged to Martins Ferry, Bridgeport, and Bellaire, Ohio). The site was settled in 1769 by the Zane family. The name Wheeling supposedly is derived from a Delaware Indian term

West Virginia: Civil War and statehood: Subsequent meetings at Wheeling (May 1861), dominated by the western delegates, declared the Ordinance of Secession to be an illegal attempt to overthrow the federal government, although the ordinance was approved by a majority of Virginia voters. Opponents of secession reconvened for a second Wheeling convention (June), which…

Lucy Wheelock: …and in 1941 it became Wheelock College.

Lucy Wheelock: …and in 1941 it became Wheelock College.

Eleazar Wheelock was an American educator who was the founder and first president of Dartmouth College. Wheelock graduated from Yale in 1733, studied theology, and in 1735 became a Congregationalist minister at Lebanon, Conn. He was a popular preacher throughout the period of the Great Awakening.

Dartmouth College case: …of a religious controversy, removed John Wheelock as college president in 1815. In response, the New Hampshire legislature passed an act amending the charter and establishing a board of overseers to replace the trustees. The trustees then sued William H. Woodward, college secretary and ally of Wheelock, but lost in…

Lucy Wheelock was an American educator who was an important figure in the developmental years of the kindergarten movement in the United States. Wheelock graduated from high school in 1874 and taught for two years in her native village. In 1876 she enrolled in the Chauncy Hall School in Boston to

Eric Clapton: …albums as Disraeli Gears (1967), Wheels of Fire (1968), and Goodbye (1969).

clock: The wheelwork: The wheelwork, or train, of a clock is the series of moving wheels (gears) that transmit motion from a weight or spring, via the escapement, to the minute and hour hands. It is most important that the wheels and pinions be made accurately and…

William Wheelwright was a U.S. businessman and promoter, responsible for opening the first steamship line between South America and Europe and for building some of the first railroad and telegraph lines in Argentina, Chile, and Peru. Wheelwright came from a Puritan New England family and was

wendigo, a mythological cannibalistic monster in the spiritual tradition of North American Algonquian-speaking tribes. It is associated with winter and described as either a fearsome beast that stalks and eats humans or as a spirit that possesses humans, causing them to turn into cannibals. There

diagnosis: Auscultation: Wheezes, musical sounds heard mostly during expiration, are caused by rapid airflow through a partially obstructed airway, as in asthma or bronchitis. Pleural rubs sound like creaking leather and are caused by pleural surfaces roughened by inflammation moving against each other, which occurs in patients…

Sean O’Faolain was an Irish writer best known for his short stories about Ireland’s lower and middle classes. He often examined the decline of the nationalist struggle or the failings of Irish Roman Catholicism. His work reflects the reawakening of interest in Irish culture stimulated by the Irish

Wendy Whelan is an American ballet dancer who performed for three decades (1984–2014) with New York City Ballet (NYCB) and was celebrated for her technical precision, modern sensibility, and defined musculature. Whelan grew up in Louisville, where her mother enrolled her in ballet classes at age

Muriel Wheldale Onslow was a British biochemist whose study of the inheritance of flower colour in the common snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) contributed to the foundation of modern genetics. She also made important discoveries concerning the biochemistry of pigment molecules in plants, particularly

Sir Huw Pyrs Wheldon was a British broadcasting producer and executive who oversaw the British Broadcasting Corporation’s (BBC’s) television programming from 1965 to 1975. Born into a Welsh-speaking family, Wheldon was educated at Friars School in Wales and earned a degree from the London School of

whelk, any marine snail of the family Buccinidae (subclass Prosobranchia of the class Gastropoda), or a snail having a similar shell. Some are incorrectly called conchs. The sturdy shell of most buccinids is elongated and has a wide aperture in the first whorl. The animal feeds on other mollusks

dog: Gestation and whelping: The normal gestation period is 63 days from the time of conception. This may vary if the bitch has been bred two or three times or if the eggs are fertilized a day or two after the mating has taken place. Eggs remain fertile…

Michael Bolton: …1966 Percy Sledge classic “When a Man Loves a Woman.”

Al Franken: …screenplay for the dramatic film When a Man Loves a Woman (1994).

urban legend: Media and entertainment: …of an urban legend include When a Stranger Calls (1979), in which a babysitter discovers that the prank calls she has been receiving are coming from a phone line inside the house, and Alligator (1980), based on a persistent myth in New York City about abandoned pet baby alligators grown…

Suzanne Collins: …author of the children’s books When Charlie McButton Lost Power (2005) and Year of the Jungle: Memories from the Home Front (2013).

Prince: …the androgynous but vulnerable “When Doves Cry,” and the anthemic title cut. Thereafter, he continued to produce inventive music of broad appeal; outside the United States he was particularly popular in Britain and the rest of Europe.

Emir Kusturica: Films of the 1980s: …Otac na slubenom putu (1985; When Father Was Away on Business). A story of the brutal intrusion of politics into the 1950s childhood of a somnambulist boy, it is enhanced by a picturesque style and magic realism. The movie won the Golden Palm at the Cannes film festival and received…

Rosabeth Moss Kanter: When Giants Learn to Dance: Mastering the Challenge of Strategy, Management, and Careers (1989) resulted from a five-year study of top American corporations; it documents the changing management strategies that, in Kanter’s view, represent the future of successful businesses in the United States.

Rob Reiner: Success as a film director: Reiner’s romantic comedy When Harry Met Sally… (1989), which paired Crystal and Meg Ryan as a set of platonic friends who fall in love, was credited with establishing the standard for the genre. He turned to darker material with Misery (1990), an adaptation of a King novel that…

Lisel Mueller: In “When I Am Asked” she wrote,

Diana Krall: …gained a wider audience with When I Look in Your Eyes (1999), for which she also received her first Grammy Award. Later albums included The Look of Love (2001) and the concert recording Live in Paris (2002). The latter won a Grammy for best jazz vocal album. On The Girl…

long metre: …following stanza from the poem “When I Survey the Wondrous Cross” by Isaac Watts:

Vilhelm Moberg: …Soldat med brutet gevär (1944; When I Was a Child), Moberg considers it his calling to give a voice to the illiterate class from which he came. His most widely read and translated works include the Knut Toring trilogy (1935–39; The Earth Is Ours) and his four-volume epic of the…

Elvis Costello: …his oeuvre included the albums When I Was Cruel (2002); Il Sogno (2004), a ballet; Momofuku (2008); National Ransom (2010); Wise Up Ghost, and Other Songs (2013), a collaboration with the band the Roots; Look Now (2018), which won the Grammy for best traditional pop vocal album; and

When I Was One-and-Twenty, poem in the collection A Shropshire Lad by A.E. Housman. Noted for its sprightly cadence of alternating seven- and six-syllable lines, the three-stanza poem addresses the theme of unrequited love. It was likely written as a memoir of a critical time in Housman’s life,

baseball: Baseball and the arts: …films appeared in the 1990s: When It Was a Game (1991) is an intimate portrait of ballplayers and fans from the 1930s through the 1950s, and Ken Burns’s Baseball (1994) is a rich cultural history of the sport in the United States.

Patrick Gilmore: Gilmore reputedly composed “When Johnny Comes Marching Home” (1863) under the pen name Louis Lambert.

When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d, elegy in free verse by Walt Whitman mourning the death of Pres. Abraham Lincoln. First published in Whitman’s collection Sequel to Drum-Taps (1865) and later included in the 1867 edition of Leaves of Grass, the poem expresses revulsion at the assassination

Bessie Emery Head: …in his adopted village in When Rain Clouds Gather (1969) to a more introspective account of the acceptance won by a light-coloured San (Bushman) woman in a black-dominated African society in Maru (1971). A Question of Power (1973) is a frankly autobiographical account of disorientation and paranoia in which the…

Philip Roth: …was followed in 1967 by When She Was Good, but he did not recapture the success of his first book until Portnoy’s Complaint (1969; film 1972), an audacious satirical portrait of a contemporary Jewish male at odds with his domineering mother and obsessed with sexual experience.

Traffic: …the Fantasy Factory (1973), and When the Eagle Flies (1974). Both on tour and in the studio, the group added and subtracted a number of additional musicians during these years before finally disbanding in 1975.