Music Theory & Compositions, SCH-TIN

sound strong and driving rather than leisurely and soothing? The answer can be found by turning to music theory, the study of the concepts and compositional methods involved in the creation of music. Music theory examines musical qualities such as timbre, tone, pitch, and texture, as well as compositional elements such as rhythm, dynamics, tempo, and more.
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Music Theory & Compositions Encyclopedia Articles By Title

scherzo
scherzo, in music, frequently the third movement of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet; also, in the Baroque......
scop
scop, an Anglo-Saxon minstrel, usually attached to a particular royal court, although scops also traveled to various......
score
score, notation, in manuscript or printed form, of a musical work, probably so called from the vertical scoring......
Sensemayá
Sensemayá, tone poem by Mexican composer Silvestre Revueltas that premiered in Mexico City in December 1938. It......
sequence
sequence, in music, a melodic or chordal figure repeated at a new pitch level (that is, transposed), thus unifying......
serenade
serenade, originally, a nocturnal song of courtship, and later, beginning in the late 18th century, a short suite......
Serenade No. 1 in D Major, Op. 11
Serenade No. 1 in D Major, Op. 11, orchestral work by German composer Johannes Brahms, known for its unusually......
serenata
serenata, form of 18th-century vocal music combining many features of cantata, oratorio, and opera. Use of the......
serialism
serialism, in music, technique that has been used in some musical compositions roughly since World War I. Strictly......
shanty
shanty, also spelled Chantey, or Chanty (from French chanter, “to sing”), English-language sailors’ work song dating......
shape-note hymnal
shape-note hymnal, American hymnal incorporating many folk hymns and utilizing a special musical notation. The......
shape-note singing
shape-note singing, a musical practice and tradition of social singing from music books printed in shape notes.......
shomyo
shomyo, classical chant of Buddhism in Japan. Both the Tendai and Shingon sects maintain the tradition and use......
Short Ride in a Fast Machine
Short Ride in a Fast Machine, orchestral fanfare by American composer John Adams that evokes the excitement-cum-terror......
Siegfried Idyll
Siegfried Idyll, symphonic poem for chamber orchestra by Richard Wagner that reflects a gentle, tender side of......
sinfonia
sinfonia, in music, any of several instrumental forms, primarily of Italian origin. In the earlier Baroque period......
Sinfonía india
Sinfonía india, symphony by Carlos Chávez that is strongly flavoured by the musical spirit of Mexico. It was written......
singer-songwriters
singer-songwriters, professional troubadours performing autobiographical songs who ascended in the early 1970s......
singing
singing, the production of musical tones by means of the human voice. In its physical aspect, singing has a well-defined......
singspiel
singspiel, 18th-century opera in the German language, containing spoken dialogue and usually comic in tone. The......
Six, Les
Les Six, group of early 20th-century French composers whose music represents a strong reaction against the heavy......
Skaters’ Waltz, The, Op. 183
The Skaters’ Waltz, Op. 183, waltz by French composer Emil Waldteufel written in 1882. Of Waldteufel’s many compositions—including......
Slavonic Dances, Op. 46 and Op. 72
Slavonic Dances, Op. 46 and Op. 72, orchestral compositions by Bohemian composer Antonín Dvořák. First written......
slendro
slendro, Javanese and Balinese five-toned musical scale system. See...
solfège
solfège, vocal exercises sung to the solmization syllables (do, re, mi, etc.) and, by extension, vocalizes, or......
solmization
solmization, system of designating musical notes by syllable names. A well-developed solmization system exists......
Solomon, Psalms of
Psalms of Solomon, a pseudepigraphal work (not in any biblical canon) comprising 18 psalms that were originally......
sonata
sonata, type of musical composition, usually for a solo instrument or a small instrumental ensemble, that typically......
Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion
Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion, musical composition by Hungarian pianist and ethnomusicologist Béla Bartók......
sonata form
sonata form, musical structure that is most strongly associated with the first movement of various Western instrumental......
Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano
Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano, a cycle of 20 short pieces for prepared piano (a piano modified by inserting......
Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin
Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin, six compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach that date from the early 18th century.......
sonatina
sonatina, in music, a shorter and often lighter form of the sonata, usually in three short movements (i.e., independent......
song
song, piece of music performed by a single voice, with or without instrumental accompaniment. Works for several......
Songs Without Words
Songs Without Words, collection of 48 songs written for solo piano rather than voice by German composer Felix Mendelssohn.......
soprano
soprano, the highest human vocal register, extending approximately from middle C to the second A above. A voice......
Spanisches Liederbuch
Spanisches Liederbuch, song cycle by Austrian composer Hugo Wolf, based on both sacred and secular verses. The......
Spartacus
Spartacus, ballet in three acts by Armenian composer Aram Khachaturian, known for its lively rhythms and strong......
Spem in alium nunquam habui
Spem in alium nunquam habui, motet (short musical setting of a sacred text) by English composer Thomas Tallis,......
Spiegel im Spiegel
Spiegel im Spiegel, composition by Estonian composer Arvo Pärt that exemplifies a style he invented and termed......
spiritual
spiritual, in North American white and black folk music, an English-language folk hymn. White spirituals include......
Sprechstimme
Sprechstimme, (German: “speech-voice”), in music, a cross between speaking and singing in which the tone quality......
St. Matthew Passion, BWV 244
St. Matthew Passion, BWV 244, Passion music by Johann Sebastian Bach. Its earliest verified performance was April......
staff
staff, in the notation of Western music, five parallel horizontal lines that, with a clef, indicate the pitch of......
Star Wars
Star Wars, film score by American composer John Williams for George Lucas’s Star Wars (1977), which launched the......
Stars and Stripes Forever, The
The Stars and Stripes Forever, march by American composer John Philip Sousa that premiered in 1897. The piece stands......
Steve Allen on The Tonight Show
Since I am sometimes referred to as “the father of late night television,” the record on the point must be corrected.......
strada, La
La strada, film score by Italian composer Nino Rota for the 1954 film of the same name by Federico Fellini. Rota’s......
Strange Fruit
Strange Fruit, searing anti-lynching protest song written by American author and songwriter Abel Meeropol and first......
String Quartet No. 2
String Quartet No. 2, string quartet (two violins, a viola, and a cello) by American composer Elliott Carter, in......
subdominant
subdominant, in Western music, the fourth note of the diatonic (seven-note) scale (e.g., F in a scale based on......
suite
suite, in music, a group of self-contained instrumental movements of varying character, usually in the same key.......
Suite bergamasque
Suite bergamasque, four-movement suite for piano by French composer Claude Debussy, begun in 1890, when the composer......
Suites for Unaccompanied Cello, BWV 1007–1012
Suites for Unaccompanied Cello, BWV 1007–1012, collection of six suites for solo cello written about 1720 by Johann......
Surprise Symphony
Surprise Symphony, orchestral work by Austrian composer Joseph Haydn, so named for the “surprise”—a startlingly......
suspension
suspension, in music, a means of creating tension by prolonging a consonant note while the underlying harmony changes,......
Symphonic Dances, Op. 45
Symphonic Dances, Op. 45, symphony for orchestra by Russian composer Sergey Rachmaninoff that premiered in the......
symphonic poem
symphonic poem, musical composition for orchestra inspired by an extra-musical idea, story, or “program,” to which......
symphonie concertante
symphonie concertante, in music of the Classical period (c. 1750–c. 1820), symphony employing two or more solo......
Symphonie fantastique, Op. 14
Symphonie fantastique, Op. 14, orchestral work by French composer Hector Berlioz, widely recognized as an early......
Symphony No. 1 in B-flat Major, Op. 38
Symphony No. 1 in B-flat Major, Op. 38, symphony by German composer Robert Schumann that premiered on March 31,......
Symphony No. 1 in C Minor, Op. 68
Symphony No. 1 in C Minor, Op. 68, orchestral work by German composer Johannes Brahms that, with its lyricism and......
Symphony No. 1 in D Major
Symphony No. 1 in D Major, symphony by composer Gustav Mahler, also known as Titan. Begun in Leipzig while Mahler......
Symphony No. 2
Symphony No. 2, flowing three-movement symphony by American neo-Romantic composer Howard Hanson, written as a counter......
Symphony No. 2: The Age of Anxiety
Symphony No. 2: The Age of Anxiety, programmatic symphony for piano and orchestra by American composer Leonard......
Symphony No. 3
Symphony No. 3, symphony for orchestra and choruses by Austrian composer Gustav Mahler that purports to encapsulate......
Symphony No. 3
Symphony No. 3, symphony for orchestra by American composer Aaron Copland that premiered in Boston on October 18,......
Symphony No. 4 in E-flat Major
Symphony No. 4 in E-flat Major, symphony by Austrian composer Anton Bruckner that premiered in Vienna on February......
Symphony No. 4 in F Minor, Op. 36
Symphony No. 4 in F Minor, Op. 36, orchestral work by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky that, as the composer......
Symphony No. 4, Op. 29
Symphony No. 4, Op. 29, symphony for orchestra by Danish composer Carl Nielsen in which he set out to capture in......
Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550
Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, symphony by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, sometimes known as the Great G Minor Symphony.......
Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67
Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67, orchestral work by German composer Ludwig van Beethoven, widely recognized by......
Symphony No. 5 in C-Sharp Minor
Symphony No. 5 in C-Sharp Minor, symphony by Gustav Mahler. Premiering on October 18, 1904, in Cologne, the work’s......
Symphony No. 5 in D Minor, Op. 47
Symphony No. 5 in D Minor, Op. 47, symphony by Dmitry Shostakovich that was his attempt to regain official approval......
Symphony No. 5 in E-flat Major, Op. 82
Symphony No. 5 in E-flat Major, Op. 82, symphony for orchestra in three movements by Finnish composer Jean Sibelius,......
Symphony No. 6 in F Major
Symphony No. 6 in F Major, symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. Premiering in Vienna December 22, 1808, on the same......
Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92
Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92, symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. Premiering in Vienna on December 8, 1813,......
Symphony No. 8 in E-Flat Major
Symphony No. 8 in E-Flat Major, symphony by Gustav Mahler, known as “Symphony of a Thousand” for the great number......
Symphony No. 9 in C Major
Symphony No. 9 in C Major, symphony and last major orchestral work by Austrian composer Franz Schubert. It premiered......
Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, Op. 125
Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, Op. 125, orchestral work in four movements by Ludwig van Beethoven, remarkable in its......
syncopation
syncopation, in music, the displacement of regular accents associated with given metrical patterns, resulting in......
Syrian chant
Syrian chant, generic term for the vocal music of the various Syrian Christian churches, including Eastern Orthodox......
tablature
tablature, system of musical notation based on a player’s finger position, as opposed to notes showing rhythm and......
Tagelied
Tagelied, (from Middle High German Tageliet, “day song”), a medieval German dawn song, or song of lament by lovers......
tala
tala , in the music of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, a metric cycle with a specific number of beats—from 3 to......
Tales of Hoffmann, The
The Tales of Hoffmann, opera by German-born French composer Jacques Offenbach, with a French libretto by Michel......
taqsīm
taqsīm , one of the principal instrumental genres of Arabic and Turkish classical music. A taqsīm is ordinarily......
tempo
tempo, speed or pacing of a piece of music, playing an essential role in performance and acting as the heartbeat......
tenor
tenor, highest male vocal range, normally extending approximately from the second B (B2) below middle C (C4) to......
ternary form
ternary form, in music, a form consisting of three sections, the third section normally either a literal or a varied......
tessitura
tessitura, (Italian: “texture”), in music, the general range of pitches found in a melody or vocal part. It differs......
tetrachord
tetrachord, musical scale of four notes, bounded by the interval of a perfect fourth (an interval the size of two......
The Barber of Seville
The Barber of Seville, comic opera in two acts by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (libretto in Italian by Cesare......
The Comedians, Op. 26
The Comedians, Op. 26, incidental music composed by Dmitry Kabalevsky in 1938 to accompany a stage play called......
This Land Is Your Land
This Land Is Your Land, popular song written by American folk singer-songwriter Woody Guthrie. It has been embraced......
Three Places in New England
Three Places in New England, composition for orchestra by American composer Charles Ives, completed and much revised......
throat-singing
throat-singing, a range of singing styles in which a single vocalist sounds more than one pitch simultaneously......
time signature
time signature, in musical notation, sign that indicates the metre of a composition. Most time signatures consist......
Tinariwen
Tinariwen, Tuareg music group, active from about 1979, whose update of traditional Tuareg styles captured the spirit......

Music Theory & Compositions Encyclopedia Articles By Title