Physical Geography of Land, BUZ-CON
Earth’s geographic history has been one marked by significant overall change, with ice ages, continental drift, and other major disruptions ultimately shaping Earth's land into the landscape of mountain ranges, deserts, islands, and volcanoes that we see today.
Physical Geography of Land Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Buzău Pass, pass connecting Brașov with Buzău, southeastern Romania, over the Buzău Mountains, in the Eastern Carpathians.......
Byam Martin Island, one of the Parry Islands in Nunavut, Canada, in the Arctic Ocean, east of Melville Island.......
Büyükkale, high hill that dominated the east side of Boğazköy (now Boğazkale, Tur.), site of the ancient Hittite......
Bōsō Peninsula, peninsula, coextensive with Chiba ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It extends for 81 miles (130......
Būbiyān, island of Kuwait, located at the head of the Persian Gulf. It is the largest of a group of eight islands......
Ca Mau Peninsula, peninsula, the southernmost projection of Vietnam, lying between the South China Sea on the east......
Cabo Verde, country comprising a group of islands that lie 385 miles (620 km) off the west coast of Africa. Praia,......
Cader Idris, a long mountain ridge, Gwynedd county, Wales. It rises south of the town of Dolgellau and the Mawddach......
caldera, large bowl-shaped volcanic depression more than one kilometre in diameter and rimmed by infacing scarps.......
Caldey Island, island in Carmarthen Bay of the Bristol Channel, Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro) county, southwestern......
Callide Valley, valley in eastern Queensland, Australia, a southeast-northwest corridor extending for 70 miles......
Camiguin, mountainous island in the Bohol (Mindanao) Sea, 6 miles (10 km) off the northern coast of Mindanao, Philippines.......
Campbell Hill, highest point (1,549 feet [472 metres]) in Ohio, U.S. It lies in Logan county, just east of Bellefontaine,......
Campbell Island, outlying volcanic island of New Zealand, in the South Pacific Ocean, 400 miles (644 km) south......
Campo del Cielo craters, group of small craters in the Gran Chaco region, near the hamlet of Campo del Cielo, north-central......
Campobello Island, second largest island (9 miles [14 km] long by 3 miles [5 km] wide), after Grand Manan, of a......
Canadian Shield, one of the world’s largest geologic continental shields, centred on Hudson Bay and extending for......
canals and inland waterways, natural or artificial waterways used for navigation, crop irrigation, water supply,......
- Introduction
- 16th-18th Century, Engineering, Trade
- 19th Century, Engineering, Trade
- US History, Construction, Navigation
- Suez, Shipping, Egypt
- Engineering, Construction, Maintenance
- Locks, Navigation, Engineering
- Boat Lifts, Aqueducts, Navigation
- Navigation, Irrigation, Transport
- European Rivers, Navigation, Trade
- North America, Rivers, Lakes
- Trade, Transport, Navigation
Cape Canaveral, cape and city in Brevard county, east-central Florida, U.S. The cape is a seaward extension of......
Canning Basin, arid sedimentary basin in northwestern Western Australia. Occupying a largely unexplored area of......
Canvey Island, low-lying island on the north shore of the Thames estuary, Castle Point borough, administrative......
canyon, deep, steep-walled, V-shaped valley cut by a river through resistant rock. Such valleys often occur in......
Canyonlands National Park, desert wilderness of water-eroded sandstone spires, canyons, and mesas, with Archaic......
Cape Breton Island, northeastern portion of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is separated from the remainder of the province......
Cape Verde Basin, submarine depression in the Atlantic Ocean that rises to meet the submerged Mid-Atlantic Ocean......
Cape Verde Peninsula, peninsula in west-central Senegal that is the westernmost point of the African continent.......
Cape York Peninsula, northernmost extremity of Australia, projecting into theTorres Strait between the Gulf of......
Capraia Island, (from capra, “wild goat”), island of the Arcipelago Toscano, in the Tyrrhenian Sea, between the......
Caprera Island, island in the Tyrrhenian Sea (of the Mediterranean) off northeastern Sardinia, Italy. Administratively......
Island of Capri, island near the southern entrance to the Bay of Naples, Campania regione (region), southern Italy.......
Capricorn and Bunker groups, island clusters at the southern extremity of the Great Barrier Reef off the eastern......
Caprock Escarpment, geological feature, Texas, U.S., that forms a natural transition between the High Plains (west)......
Carlsbad Caverns National Park, area of the Chihuahuan Desert in southeastern New Mexico, U.S., near the base of......
Carnarvon Gorge, gorge in southeastern Queensland, Australia, on the eastern slopes of Carnarvon Range of the Great......
cascade, waterfall, especially a series of small falls, consisting of water descending over rocks or boulders.......
Caspian Depression, flat lowland, Kazakhstan and Russia, much of it below sea level at the north end of the Caspian......
Catanduanes, island, east-central Philippines, in the Philippine Sea. It is separated from southeastern Luzon (Rungus......
cataract, a waterfall (q.v.), especially one containing great volumes of water rushing over a...
Cape Catoche, cape on the Caribbean Sea, on a bar off the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, in the northeastern part......
Catskill Delta, structure that was deposited in the northeastern United States during the Middle and Late Devonian......
Caudine Forks, narrow mountain pass near Beneventum in ancient Samnium (near modern Montesarchio, Campania, southern......
cave, natural opening in the earth large enough for human exploration. Such a cavity is formed in many types of......
cave deposit, any of the crystalline deposits that form in a solution cave after the creation of the cave itself.......
cave pearl, small, almost spherical concretion of calcite that is formed in a pool of water in a cave and is not......
cay, small, low island, usually sandy, situated on a coral reef platform. Such islands are commonly referred to......
Cayman Islands, island group and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea, comprising the......
Cebu, island, central Philippines. It is the centre of Visayan-Cebuano culture and has preserved a strong Spanish......
Cedar Breaks National Monument, a vast natural amphitheatre, with a diameter of more than 3 miles (5 km), eroded......
Celebes, one of the four Greater Sunda Islands, Indonesia. A curiously shaped island with four distinct peninsulas......
Mount Cenis, massif and pass over the French Alps to Italy, Savoie département, southeastern France, northeast......
cenote, (from Maya dz’onot), natural well or reservoir, common in the Yucatán Peninsula, formed when a limestone......
Central Pacific Basin, major submarine basin of the central part of the north Pacific Ocean, between the Line Islands......
Central Russian Upland, large upland area of the Russian Plain, in the central part of European Russia. It stretches......
Central Valley, geological depression in central Chile between the Western Cordillera of the Andes and the coastal......
Central Valley, valley, California, U.S. Extending from Shasta county in the north to Kern county in the south,......
Cephallenia, island, largest of the Ionian Islands, west of the Gulf of Patraïkós. With the island of Ithaca (Itháki)......
Ceram, island, part of the Moluccas (Maluku) archipelago, eastern Indonesia. It is located between the Ceram Sea......
Cerdanya, high valley in the Pyrenees east of Andorra, partly in Spain (Girona provincia [province]) and partly......
Chaco Boreal, region of distinctive vegetation occupying about 100,000 square miles (259,000 square km) in northwestern......
Chad Basin, vast depression in Central Africa that constitutes the largest inland drainage area on the continent.......
Chalcidice, peninsula and a perifereiakí enótita (regional unit), Central Macedonia (Modern Greek: Kendrikí Makedonía)......
Chapultepec, rocky hill about 200 feet (60 metres) high on the western edge of Mexico City that has long played......
chatter mark, small, curved fracture found on glaciated rock surfaces. Chatter marks are commonly 1–5 centimetres......
Chauvet–Pont d’Arc, painted cave in southeast France considered to be one of the greatest Paleolithic sanctuaries......
Cheduba Island, island in the Bay of Bengal, southwestern Myanmar (Burma). It lies about 30 miles (50 km) west......
Cape Chelyuskin, cape in north-central Siberia, the northernmost point of the Taymyr Peninsula in Russia and of......
chenier, beach ridge, usually composed of sand-sized material resting on clay or mud. Chenier is the Louisiana......
Cheviot Hills, highland range that for more than 30 miles (50 km) marks the boundary between England and Scotland.......
Chignecto Isthmus, narrow neck of land in the centre of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, connecting Nova Scotia......
Chiloé Island, island, southern Chile. It has an area of 3,241 square miles (8,394 square km). The island is the......
Chiltern Hills, range of chalk hills in England, extending some 70 mi (115 km) southwest to northeast through parts......
chinampa, small, stationary, artificial island built on a freshwater lake for agricultural purposes. Chinampan......
Chios, island and dímos (municipality), situated 5 miles (8 km) off the western coast of Turkey in the Aegean Sea,......
Choiseul, island, western Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is located 30 miles (50 km) southeast......
Chongming Island, large island in the mouth of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), Shanghai municipality, China. The......
Christmas Island, island in the Indian Ocean, about 224 miles (360 km) south of the island of Java and 870 miles......
Chumbi Valley, valley in the eastern Great Himalaya Range of the southern Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It is......
Church Buttes, eroded sandstone cliffs in Uinta county, extreme southwestern Wyoming, about 45 miles (72 km) west-southwest......
chute, or Cutoff, in a river, shortcut across a meander (q.v.). loop that shortens and straightens the course of......
Cibao Valley, valley in the northern Dominican Republic. It extends about 145 miles (235 km), from Manzanillo Bay......
Cincinnati Arch, geologic anticlinal (archlike) structure influential during the Paleozoic Era (542 million to......
cinder cone, deposit around a volcanic vent, formed by pyroclastic rock fragments (formed by volcanic or igneous......
Mount Circeo, isolated promontory, Latina provincia, Lazio (Latium) regione, on the southwestern coast of Italy......
cirque, (French: “circle”), amphitheatre-shaped basin with precipitous walls, at the head of a glacial valley.......
Clare Island, island, lying at the entrance to Clew Bay, County Mayo, Ireland, and covering 6 square miles (16......
cliff, steep slope of earth materials, usually a rock face, that is nearly vertical and may be overhanging. Structural......
Clipperton Island, uninhabited French island in the eastern Pacific Ocean, 1,800 miles (2,900 km) west of Panama......
Coachella Valley, valley, part of the Colorado Desert, extending northwestward for 45 miles (70 km) from the Salton......
coast, broad area of land that borders the sea. A brief treatment of coasts follows. For full treatment, see coastal......
coastal landforms, any of the relief features present along any coast, the result of a combination of processes,......
Cobourg Peninsula, northwestern extremity of Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. The peninsula consists......
Cockspur Island, island, Chatham county, southeastern Georgia, U.S., in the mouth of the Savannah River. Known......
Cocos Island, island of volcanic origin lying in the Pacific Ocean, about 300 miles (480 km) south of the Osa Peninsula,......
Cape Cod, hooked sandy peninsula of glacial origin encompassing most of Barnstable county, southeastern Massachusetts,......
Coiba Island, Central American island of Panama in the Pacific Ocean. Lying 15 miles (24 km) offshore and separated......
Columbia Icefield, largest ice field in the Rocky Mountains, astride the British Columbia–Alberta border, Canada.......
Comino, one of the Maltese islands, in the Mediterranean Sea, separated from Malta to the southeast and Gozo to......
Cape Comorin, rocky headland on the Indian Ocean in Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India, forming the southernmost......
Congo basin, basin of the Congo River, lying astride the Equator in west-central Africa. It is the world’s second......
Congo Canyon, large submarine canyon incised into the South Atlantic continental shelf and slope of western equatorial......