Sociology & Society, SYN-WAI
The study of human societies is an important tool for the improvement of living conditions. It analyzes the innumerable factors that are the makeup of human behavior and that can cause social injustice, stratification, and societal disorder in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution. It helps to find the best possible solutions to issues such as economic inequality, race relations, and gender discrimination. The discipline of sociology has grown by leaps and bounds in the last century with the contribution of scholars from different schools of thought.
Sociology & Society Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Synagogue Council of America, a Jewish organization founded in 1926 to provide most congregationally affiliated......
Rasmus Møller Sørensen was a teacher and politician who was a leading agitator for agrarian reform and for the......
taboo, the prohibition of an action based on the belief that such behaviour is either too sacred and consecrated......
Henri Tajfel was a Polish-born British social psychologist, best known for his concept of social identity, a central......
Tano, Korean holiday celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month to commemorate the start of summer and......
Arthur Tappan was an American philanthropist who used much of his energy and his fortune in the struggle to end......
Gabriel Tarde was a French sociologist and criminologist who was one of the most versatile social scientists of......
Tata family, family of Indian industrialists and philanthropists who founded ironworks and steelworks, cotton mills,......
Jamsetji Tata was an Indian entrepreneur and philanthropist who founded the Tata Group, one of India’s largest......
Sol Tax was an American cultural anthropologist who founded the journal Current Anthropology. He was also known......
tea ceremony, time-honoured institution in Japan, rooted in the principles of Zen Buddhism and founded upon the......
Teach for America (TFA), nonprofit educational organization formed in 1990 to address underachievement in American......
TED, series of conferences that promote new ideas and work in a wide variety of human endeavour. TED was founded......
Templeton Prize, award presented annually to a living person who has “made an exceptional contribution to affirming......
Mario Testino is a Peruvian fashion photographer known for his evocative portraits and vivid advertisements. Testino,......
thanatology, the description or study of death and dying and the psychological mechanisms of dealing with them.......
Thanksgiving Day, annual national holiday in the United States and Canada celebrating the harvest and other blessings......
Abraham Lincoln and Charles Darwin, two of the 19th century’s most enduring thinkers and figures, share more than......
The Way International, Christian evangelical group founded in 1942 as Vesper Chimes, a radio ministry broadcast......
think tank, institute, corporation, or group organized for interdisciplinary research with the objective of providing......
The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, the Scottish order of knighthood whose modern period dates......
W. I. Thomas was an American sociologist and social psychologist whose fields of study included cultural change......
Sir J. Eric S. Thompson was a leading English ethnographer of the Mayan people. Thompson devoted his life to the......
Henry Thornton was an English economist, banker, and philanthropist who made significant contributions to monetary......
law of three stages, theory of human intellectual development propounded by the French social theorist Auguste......
Greta Thunberg is a Swedish environmental activist who worked to address the problem of climate change, founding......
Richard Thurnwald was a German anthropologist and sociologist known for his comparative studies of social institutions.......
Louis Comfort Tiffany was an American painter, craftsman, philanthropist, decorator, and designer, internationally......
Tina Brown, one of the most prominent magazine editors of her time, wrote The Diana Chronicles in 2007. Brown knew......
Toda, pastoral tribe of the Nīlgiri Hills of southern India. Numbering only about 800 in the early 1960s, they......
toleration, a refusal to impose punitive sanctions for dissent from prevailing norms or policies or a deliberate......
Dmitry Andreyevich, Count Tolstoy was a tsarist Russian government official known for his reactionary policies.......
Tony Awards, annual awards for distinguished achievement in American theatre. Named for the actress-producer Antoinette......
Toynbee Hall, pioneering social settlement in the East End of London. It was founded on Commercial Street, Whitechapel......
Toyotomi Hideyoshi was a feudal lord and chief Imperial minister (1585–98), who completed the 16th-century unification......
Alfred M. Tozzer was a U.S. anthropologist and archaeologist who made substantial contributions to knowledge of......
trade association, voluntary association of business firms organized on a geographic or industrial basis to promote......
transhumance, form of pastoralism or nomadism organized around the migration of livestock between mountain pastures......
transnationalism, economic, political, and cultural processes that extend beyond the boundaries of nation-states.......
transparency, capacity of outsiders to obtain valid and timely information about the activities of government or......
Kate Nichols Trask was an American writer and philanthropist remembered as one of the major forces behind the establishment......
Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope, one of the confessional writings of Lutheranism, prepared in 1537......
tree marriage, symbolic marital union of a person with a tree that is said to be infused with supernatural life.......
Triad, name for various secret societies in Qing-dynasty China (and sometimes earlier), for modern Chinese crime......
tribe, in anthropology, a notional form of human social organization based on a set of smaller groups (known as......
Trooping the Colour, traditional observance of the British monarch’s official birthday with a military ceremony......
Wilfred Trotter was a surgeon and sociologist whose writings on the behaviour of man in the mass popularized the......
Anton Frederik Tscherning was a military reformer and radical champion of democracy in mid-19th-century Denmark.......
Turing Award, annual award given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), a professional computing society......
Turner Prize, award given annually to a visual artist born in or based in Great Britain in recognition of an outstanding......
Ralph E. Turner was an American cultural historian, professor at Yale from 1944 to 1961, and, as an American delegate......
two-step flow model of communication, theory of communication that proposes that interpersonal interaction has......
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor was an English anthropologist regarded as the founder of cultural anthropology. His most......
Ferdinand Tönnies was a German sociologist whose theory reconciled the organic and social-contract conceptions......
Tết, celebration of the Lunar New Year in Vietnam. The holiday likely has its origins in the observance of the......
U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), unified body of Catholic bishops, representing both Roman Catholic......
Ole Gabriel Gabrielson Ueland was a teacher and politician, the foremost champion of Norway’s peasant class during......
uji, any of the hereditary lineage groups that, until their official abolition in ad 604, formed the basic, decentralized......
Undenominational Fellowship of Christian Churches and Churches of Christ, autonomous Protestant churches in the......
Underground Railroad, in the United States, a system existing in the Northern states before the Civil War by which......
UNESCO, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that was outlined in a constitution signed November 16, 1945.......
Union League, in U.S. history, any of the associations originally organized in the North to inspire loyalty to......
Union of Evangelical Christian Baptists, voluntary association of Baptist churches in Russia that was formed (in......
United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), American women’s patriotic society, founded in Nashville, Tennessee,......
Society of United Irishmen, Irish political organization formed in October 1791 by Theobald Wolfe Tone, James Napper......
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), one of the oldest and largest Latino organizations in the United......
United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), United Nations (UN) organization established by the General Assembly......
United Nations Foundation, public charity created in 1998 to assist the United Nations (UN) and its humanitarian......
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), administrative body (1943–47) for an extensive......
United Service Organizations, Inc. (USO), private, nonprofit social-service agency first chartered on February......
United Synagogue of America (USA), central federation of some 835 Conservative Jewish congregations located in......
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), primarily in the United States, organization founded by Marcus......
urban culture, any of the behavioral patterns of the various types of cities and urban areas, both past and present.......
Peter Ustinov was an English actor, director, playwright, screenwriter, novelist, raconteur, and humanitarian.......
utopia, an ideal commonwealth whose inhabitants exist under seemingly perfect conditions. Hence utopian and utopianism......
utopian socialism, Political and social idea of the mid-19th century. Adapted from such reformers as Robert Owen......
Vaishya, third highest in ritual status of the four varnas, or social classes, of Hindu India, traditionally described......
Valentine’s Day, holiday (February 14) when lovers express their affection with greetings and gifts. Given their......
Vanderbilt family, one of the wealthiest and most prominent families in the United States. The third generation......
Cornelius Vanderbilt was an American shipping and railroad magnate who acquired a personal fortune of more than......
William Henry Vanderbilt was an American railroad magnate and philanthropist who nearly doubled the Vanderbilt......
varna, any one of the four traditional social classes of India. Although the literal meaning of the word varna......
vassal, in feudal society, one invested with a fief in return for services to an overlord. Some vassals did not......
Second Vatican Council, (1962–65), 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, announced by Pope John......
Gianni Versace was an Italian fashion designer known for his daring fashions and glamorous lifestyle. Gianni grew......
Veterans Day, in the United States, national holiday (November 11) honouring veterans of the armed forces and those......
Giambattista Vico was an Italian philosopher of cultural history and law, who is recognized today as a forerunner......
victimology, branch of criminology that scientifically studies the relationship between an injured party and an......
Victoria Day, Canadian holiday on which the British sovereign’s birthday is celebrated. In 1845, during the reign......
Vienna Circle, a group of philosophers, scientists, and mathematicians formed in the 1920s that met regularly in......
village, settlement that is smaller than a town but bigger than a hamlet (a very small settlement lacking many......
Rudolf Virchow was a German pathologist and statesman, one of the most prominent physicians of the 19th century.......
virtual community, a group of people, who may or may not meet one another face to face, who exchange words and......
virtual museum, a collection of digitally recorded images, sound files, text documents, and other data of historical,......
viscount, a European title of nobility, ranking immediately below a count, or earl. It is one of the five ranks......
Volunteers of America, religious social-welfare organization in the United States that offers spiritual and material......
Diana Vreeland was an American editor and fashion expert whose dramatic personality and distinctive tastes marked......
W.K. Kellogg Foundation, U.S. philanthropic organization that funds community-based approaches to improving health......
Joachim Wach was a Protestant theologian and one of the foremost scholars in the modern study of religion. As a......
Morrison Remick Waite was the seventh chief justice of the United States (1874–88), who frequently spoke for the......
