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Holocaust
Table of Contents
References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics
Images, Videos & Interactives
Samuel Bak: Smoke
How Hitler systematically discriminated against Jews
A timeline of the Holocaust. Book burning
A vintage black-and-white image of a young girl writing on a chalkboard.
Nazi-era passport of a German Jew
A vintage black-and-white image shows a group of men in white suits standing in front of a boat.
Kristallnacht
Night of Broken Glass: Nazi persecution of Jews
SA troops
For Students
Germany invades Poland, September 1, 1939, using 45 German divisions and aerial attack. By September 20, only Warsaw held out, but final surrender came on September 29.
Pop Quiz: 17 Things to Know About World War II
concentration camp
Holocaust summary
Quizzes
U.S. marines raising the American flag over Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima, in February 1945
World War II Quiz
Louis IX of France (St. Louis), stained glass window of Louis IX during the Crusades. (Unknown location.)
World Wars
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Prisoners of Buchenwald concentration camp, near Weimar, Germany, April 16, 1945, liberated by American troops of the 80th Division. Elie Wiesel (7th from the left on the middle bunk next to the vertical post) World War II Holocaust
What Is the Origin of the Term Holocaust?
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Holocaust: Facts & Related Content

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News •

Police arrest a suspect in a stabbing at Berlin's Holocaust Memorial that injures 1 person • Feb. 21, 2025, 7:30 PM ET (AP)
Supreme Court deals a severe blow to Holocaust survivors' lawsuit against Hungary • Feb. 21, 2025, 11:44 AM ET (AP)
From ‘The Brutalist' to 'Wicked,' where to watch this year’s Oscar-nominated movies • Feb. 20, 2025, 10:09 AM ET (AP)
Vance visits the Dachau concentration camp memorial with Holocaust survivor before Zelenskyy meeting • Feb. 13, 2025, 7:56 PM ET (AP)
Trump repeats pledge to take control of Gaza even as pressure mounts to renew ceasefire • Feb. 9, 2025, 7:24 PM ET (AP)

Facts

Also Known As Shoʾah • Hurban
Date 1933 - 1945
Location Austria • Germany • Hungary • Poland
Context Nazism • resistance • Third Reich • World War II • Holocaust remembrance days

Did You Know?

  • The Nazis confiscated Jewish artifacts and intended to display them in a museum of the extinct people.
  • In 2007, the European Union outlawed Holocaust denial.

Photos and Videos

Samuel Bak: Smoke
Book burning
Nazi-era passport of a German Jew
Kristallnacht
SA troops
Roma prisoners
execution during the Holocaust
Łódź ghetto Judenrat
Einsatzgruppen
Babi Yar monument in Kyiv, Ukraine
How Hitler systematically discriminated against Jews
A vintage black-and-white image of a young girl writing on a chalkboard.
A vintage black-and-white image shows a group of men in white suits standing in front of a boat.
Night of Broken Glass: Nazi persecution of Jews
Listen to holocaust survivors talking about their hesitation to speak about the painful past
See All Videos, Images and Interactives →

Related Topics and References

Topics
Dig Deeper: More Articles That Discuss This Topic

Timeline

Samuel Bak: Smoke
Holocaust
1933 - 1945
Invasion of Poland
Invasion of Poland
September 1, 1939 - October 5, 1939
Learn how the Third Reich utilized U-boats in the Battle of the Atlantic to destroy Allied supply convoys
Battle of the Atlantic
September 3, 1939 - May 8, 1945
Dunkirk evacuation
Dunkirk evacuation
May 26, 1940 - June 4, 1940
North Africa campaigns of World War II
North Africa campaigns
June 1940 - May 13, 1943
the Blitz
Battle of Britain
July 1940 - September 1940
Vichy: Battle of France
Vichy France
July 1940 - September 1944
German bombing of London during the Blitz
the Blitz
September 7, 1940 - May 11, 1941
aftermath of the Battle of Crete
Battle of Crete
May 20, 1941 - June 1, 1941
German soldiers during Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa
June 22, 1941
German troops at the Battle of Moscow, 1941–1942
Battle of Moscow
September 30, 1941 - January 7, 1942
Pearl Harbor attack
Pearl Harbor attack
December 7, 1941
Wake Island
Battle of Wake Island
December 8, 1941 - December 23, 1941
U.S. troops advancing on Tarawa, Gilbert Islands, in 1943
Pacific War
December 8, 1941 - September 2, 1945
Bataan Death March
Bataan Death March
April 9, 1942
eastern New Guinea, from the 10th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica, c. 1902
Kokoda Track Campaign
July 1942 - January 1943
Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
August 22, 1942 - February 2, 1943
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
April 19, 1943 - May 16, 1943
Allied decoy tank
Operation Fortitude
1944
Normandy Invasion
Normandy Invasion
June 6, 1944 - July 9, 1944
U.S. Marines on Saipan, Mariana Islands, 1944
Battle of Saipan
June 15, 1944 - July 9, 1944
Operation Bagration
June 23, 1944 - August 19, 1944
Cowra, New South Wales, Australia
Cowra breakout
August 5, 1944
The John Frost Bridge in Arnhem, the Netherlands
Operation Market Garden
September 17, 1944 - September 27, 1944
Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Bulge
December 16, 1944 - January 16, 1945
Yalta Conference
Yalta Conference
February 4, 1945 - February 11, 1945
Battle of Iwo Jima
Battle of Iwo Jima
February 19, 1945 - March 26, 1945
Battle for Castle Itter
May 5, 1945
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima
atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
August 6, 1945 - August 9, 1945

Key People

Elie Wiesel
Elie Wiesel
American author
Wiesenthal, Simon
Simon Wiesenthal
Jewish human-rights activist
Anne Frank
Anne Frank
German diarist
Edith Stein
Edith Stein
German nun
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
dictator of Germany
Hermann Göring
Hermann Göring
German minister
Adolf Eichmann listening to an Israeli court's verdict
Adolf Eichmann
German military official
Heinrich Himmler
Heinrich Himmler
German Nazi leader
Reinhard Heydrich
Reinhard Heydrich
German Nazi official
Amon Göth
Austrian Nazi officer
Karl Otto Koch
German Nazi commandant
Koch, Ilse
Ilse Koch
German war criminal
Pister, Hermann
Hermann Pister
German SS officer
Demjanjuk, John
John Demjanjuk
Ukrainian-born automobile worker
Josef Mengele
Josef Mengele
German physician
Klaus Barbie
Nazi leader
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst
Ernst Kaltenbrunner
Austrian Nazi
Josef Kramer
Nazi commander
Rudolf Franz Höss
German Nazi commandant

Related Quizzes and Features

Quiz
U.S. marines raising the American flag over Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima, in February 1945
World War II Quiz
Louis IX of France (St. Louis), stained glass window of Louis IX during the Crusades. (Unknown location.)
World Wars
Germany invades Poland, September 1, 1939, using 45 German divisions and aerial attack. By September 20, only Warsaw held out, but final surrender came on September 29.
Pop Quiz: 17 Things to Know About World War II
Demystified
Prisoners of Buchenwald concentration camp, near Weimar, Germany, April 16, 1945, liberated by American troops of the 80th Division. Elie Wiesel (7th from the left on the middle bunk next to the vertical post) World War II Holocaust
What Is the Origin of the Term Holocaust?