Nobel Prize

Table of Contents

References & Edit History Quick Facts & Related Topics

Images, Videos & Interactives

Nobel Prize medal for Physics and Chemistry (reverse)

Nobel Prize medal for Physiology or Medicine (reverse)

Nobel Prize medal for Literature (reverse)

How Nobel Peace Prize winner Leymah Gbowee defines peace

What inspires Nobel Peace Prize winner Leymah Gbowee to fight injustice

Nobel Prizes: selection process

Nobel Prize: medal

Nobel Prize medal for Peace (reverse)

For Students

Nobel Prize summary

Read Next

Alfred Nobel on a large reproduction of the obverse side of the Nobel Prize medal for Peace on the exterior of Nobel Peace Center opened in Oslo, Norway June 11, 2005 to learn about Nobel Peace Prize Laureates and the history of Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

How Do You Get a Nobel Prize?

Commemorative medal of Nobel Prize winner, Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals

7 Nobel Prize Scandals

Close up of books. Stack of books, pile of books, literature, reading. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society

12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written”

Discover

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9 of the World’s Deadliest Snakes

Chapter 4 pg 42 - Chapter header of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. Published in 1884 by The American Publishing Company

Periods of American Literature

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African Americans demonstrating for voting rights in front of the White House as police and others watch, March 12, 1965. One sign reads, "We demand the right to vote everywhere." Voting Rights Act, civil rights.

Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement

Attack on Pearl Harbor. December 7, 1941. Pearl Harbor infographic. World War II. Hawaii. United States. Japan. SPOTLIGHT VERSION

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Nobel Prize: Facts & Related Content

Written and fact-checked by The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

News •

Nobel economist links S. Korea’s birthrate crisis to women’s housework burden • Feb. 20, 2025, 4:25 AM ET (Korea Herald)

Nobel-winning economist warns Trump policies risk causing stagflation • Feb. 18, 2025, 10:27 PM ET (The Hill)

Young S’porean gets thumbs up from Nobel Prize winners for science question, just like his sister • Feb. 10, 2025, 4:23 AM ET (Straits Times)

France pitches AI summit as 'wake-up call' for Europe • Feb. 4, 2025, 6:46 AM ET (Voice of America English News)

Han Kang's Nobel win sparked book boom -- but it didn't last • Feb. 2, 2025, 3:33 AM ET (Korea Herald)

Facts

Notable Honorees

Barack Obama • Winston Churchill • Albert Einstein • Martin Luther King, Jr. • Woodrow Wilson • F.A. Hayek • Bertrand Russell • Theodore Roosevelt • T.S. Eliot • Jimmy Carter • Bob Dylan • George Bernard Shaw • Yasser Arafat • Gustav Stresemann • Eugene O’Neill • William Faulkner • Samuel Beckett • Ernest Rutherford • Werner Heisenberg • Niels Bohr • Max Planck • Thomas Mann • Ernest Hemingway • William Butler Yeats • Pablo Neruda • Henri Bergson • Svante Pääbo • Abiy Ahmed • Pierre Agostini • Alexei Ekimov • Abdulrazak Gurnah • Robert B. Wilson • Gregg L. Semenza • Jon Fosse • Gary Ruvkun • James A. Robinson • Barry C. Barish • Arthur Ashkin • Ales Bialiatski • Simon Johnson • Michel Mayor • John J. Hopfield • David Julius • Claudia Goldin • James P. Allison • Ferenc Krausz • Michael Rosbash • Demis Hassabis • James Peebles • Joachim Frank • Moungi Bawendi • Paul Romer • Giorgio Parisi • Andrea Ghez • Carolyn R. Bertozzi • Han Kang • David W.C. MacMillan • Gérard Mourou • John B. Goodenough • Anton Zeilinger • Manabe Syukuro • Gregory P. Winter • Nadia Murad • Donna Strickland • David Baker • Louis Brus • Morten P. Meldal • Kip Thorne • Richard Thaler • Guido Imbens • Daron Acemoglu • Paul Milgrom • Rainer Weiss • William Nordhaus • Abhijit Banerjee • Olga Tokarczuk • Esther Duflo • Jeffrey C. Hall • Douglas Diamond • Reinhard Genzel • George P. Smith • Michael W. Young • John F. Clauser • Narges Mohammadi • Anne L’Huillier • Joshua Angrist • William G. Kaelin, Jr. • Michael Kremer • Victor Ambros • Katalin Karikó • Charles M. Rice • Emmanuelle Charpentier • Richard Henderson • Peter J. Ratcliffe • Jacques Dubochet • John M. Jumper • Klaus Hasselmann • Drew Weissman • Yoshino Akira • David Card • Maria Ressa • Ardem Patapoutian • Dmitry Muratov • M. Stanley Whittingham • Didier Queloz • Tasuku Honjo • Philip Dybvig • Michael Houghton • Harvey J. Alter • Benjamin List • André Gide • Enrico Fermi • Mikhail Gorbachev • 14th Dalai Lama • Theodor Mommsen • Linus Pauling • Boris Leonidovich Pasternak • Juan Manuel Santos • Luigi Pirandello • Wilhelm Ostwald • Milton Friedman • Ivan Pavlov • Albert Camus • Fridtjof Nansen • Marie Curie • Rudyard Kipling • Fritz Haber • Frederick Sanger • P.A.M. Dirac • Irving Langmuir • Nelson Mandela • Guglielmo Marconi • Robert Koch • J.J. Thomson • Paul Ehrlich • Andrey Sakharov • Richard Feynman • Thomas Hunt Morgan • Harold C. Urey • George C. Marshall • Walther Nernst • Aung San Suu Kyi • Hans Bethe • Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn • Alfred Werner • Lev Davidovich Landau • Wolfgang Pauli • Gerhart Hauptmann • Svante Arrhenius • Glenn T. Seaborg • Alexander Fleming • Dorothy Hodgkin • Lech Wałęsa • Robert Burns Woodward • Paul J. Flory • Louis de Broglie • Sir William Ramsay • Malala Yousafzai • Henry Kissinger • Melvin Calvin • Karl Ziegler • Henri Becquerel • A.A. Michelson • Konrad Lorenz • Al Gore • Isaac Bashevis Singer • Ellen Johnson Sirleaf • Lord Rayleigh • Sir Derek H.R. Barton • Mario Vargas Llosa • Albert John Luthuli • Willard Frank Libby • Erwin Schrödinger • Emil Fischer • Gabriel García Márquez • Jacobus Henricus van ’t Hoff • Willy Brandt • Mother Teresa • Elias James Corey • Otto Hahn • Sir Lawrence Bragg • Kofi Annan • Wole Soyinka • Max Born • Pierre Curie • Anwar Sadat • Svetlana Alexievich • Kailash Satyarthi • Jack Kilby • Hermann Joseph Muller • Sir William Bragg • Kim Dae-Jung • Shimon Peres • Yitzhak Rabin • Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa • Octavio Paz • Günter Grass • Chen Ning Yang • Bruce A. Beutler

Photos and Videos

Nobel Prize medal for Physics and Chemistry (reverse)

Nobel Prize medal for Physiology or Medicine (reverse)

Nobel Prize medal for Literature (reverse)

Nobel Prize: medal

Nobel Prize medal for Peace (reverse)

Nobel Prize medal for Economics

Nobel Prize medal for Economics (reverse)

Marshall, Barry J.

How Nobel Peace Prize winner Leymah Gbowee defines peace

What inspires Nobel Peace Prize winner Leymah Gbowee to fight injustice

Learn how the invention of dynamite led, in part, to the global recognition of Martin Luther King, Jr., as a civil rights leader

See All Videos, Images and Interactives →

Topics

Nobel Prize in Literature Winners of the Nobel Prize for Economics 2022 Nobel Peace Prize winners

Key People

Alfred Nobel

Alfred Nobel

Swedish inventor

CCD

George E. Smith

American physicist

Quiz

Carl Bosch (Karl Bosch), German chemist, c1930s. In 1910 Bosch and Fritz Haber patented the Haber-Bosch process for the industrial production of ammonia. Bosch shared 1931 Nobel prize for chemistry with Friedrich Bergius. Obverse of commemorative medal

Nobel Prize

Chinese author Gao Xingjian, 2008, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature 2000.

A Nobel Prize for Literature (Mostly) Quiz

Temple ruins of columns and statures at Karnak, Egypt (Egyptian architecture; Egyptian archaelogy; Egyptian history)

History Buff Quiz

American author Toni Morrison, 2009. (Nobel Prize for Literature 1993)

Nobel Laureates in Literature

List

Commemorative medal of Nobel Prize winner, Johannes Diderik Van Der Waals

7 Nobel Prize Scandals

Close up of books. Stack of books, pile of books, literature, reading. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society

12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written”

Demystified

Alfred Nobel on a large reproduction of the obverse side of the Nobel Prize medal for Peace on the exterior of Nobel Peace Center opened in Oslo, Norway June 11, 2005 to learn about Nobel Peace Prize Laureates and the history of Alfred Bernhard Nobel.

How Do You Get a Nobel Prize?