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atom
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atoms
A simplified look into the structure of an atom
Investigate varying electron configurations in electron shells around an atom's nucleus
shell atomic model isotopes of hydrogen Millikan oil-drop experiment
Robert Millikan's method for measuring the charge of an electron
Bohr atom atomic orbitals periodic table showing the valence shells
Quizzes
Periodic Table of the elements concept image (chemistry)
Facts You Should Know: The Periodic Table Quiz
Related Questions
Read Next
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Close up of periodic table, focus on nickel, copper, zinc, palladium, silver, cadmium
When Was the Periodic Table Invented?
Illustration of molecules. (molecular, chemistry, science)
Why Is a Group of Molecules Called a Mole?
Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima Infographic. Japan. United States. World War II
Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima: Infographic
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Videos

atoms
How atoms can be seen.
Video: © American Chemical Society (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
A simplified look into the structure of an atom
Explore an atom's interior to discover the layout of its nucleus, protons, and electrons.
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Investigate varying electron configurations in electron shells around an atom's nucleus
Atomic model of electron configurations.
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Robert Millikan's method for measuring the charge of an electron
Millikan oil-drop experiment.
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Fission of a uranium nucleus by a neutron
Sequence of events in the fission of a uranium nucleus by a neutron.
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
How scientists discovered atoms
Learn about the discovery of atoms and the instruments scientists use to see these...
Video: © American Chemical Society (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
How did Britain become a global empire?
Overview of the British Empire.
Video: Contunico © ZDF Studios GmbH, Mainz; Thumbnail Geography and Map Division/Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
Discover how a laser beam emits light
Learn how a laser beam emits light.
Video: © MinutePhysics (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Learn about magnetic fields and the levels of particles, atoms, crystals, and domains
Magnetic fields and the levels of magnetism of particles, atoms, crystals, and domains....
Video: © MinutePhysics (A Britannica Publishing Partner)
Understanding John Dalton's atomic theory of matter
John Dalton and the development of the atomic theory.
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Images

shell atomic model
In the shell atomic model, electrons occupy different energy levels, or shells. The...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
isotopes of hydrogen
The image shows the three isotopes of the element hydrogen. All three forms have...
© designua/Fotolia
Millikan oil-drop experiment
Between 1909 and 1910 the American physicist Robert Millikan conducted a series of...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Bohr atom
The electron travels in circular orbits around the nucleus. The orbits have quantized...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
atomic orbitals
Electrons fill in shell and subshell levels in a semi-regular process, as indicated...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
periodic table showing the valence shells
The periodic table of the elements showing the valence shells.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
ionic bond: sodium chloride, or table salt
Ionic bonding in sodium chloride. An atom of sodium (Na) donates one of its electrons...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
polar covalent bond
In polar covalent bonds, such as that between hydrogen and oxygen atoms, the electrons...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
nuclear binding energies
Nuclear binding energies, shown as a function of atomic mass number.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Fission
Sequence of events in the fission of a uranium nucleus by a neutron.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Boyle's law
Demonstration of Boyle's law showing that for a given mass, at constant temperature,...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Mendeleev's periodic table
The periodic table of the elements from Dmitri Mendeleev's Osnovy khimii...
© Photos.com/Thinkstock
Bernoulli model of gas pressure
As conceived by Daniel Bernoulli in Hydrodynamica (1738), gases consist...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; based on Daniel Bernoulli, Hydrodynamica (1738)
visible solar spectrum
The visible solar spectrum, ranging from the shortest visible wavelengths (violet...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Balmer series of hydrogen
The Balmer series of hydrogen as seen by a low-resolution spectrometer.
Arthur L. Schawlow, Stanford University, and Theodore W. Hansch, Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics
first ionization energies of the elements
First ionization energies of the elements.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Thomson atomic model
Lord Kelvin envisioned the atom as a sphere with a uniformly distributed positive...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Rutherford gold-foil experiment
In 1909 Rutherford disproved Sir J.J. Thomson's model of the atom as a uniformly...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Rutherford atomic model
Physicist Ernest Rutherford envisioned the atom as a miniature solar system, with...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
energy levels of the hydrogen atom
Energy levels of the hydrogen atom, according to Bohr's model and quantum mechanics...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Compton effect
When a beam of X-rays is aimed at a target material, some of the beam is deflected,...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Electron densities in wave functions of the Schrödinger equation
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
gamma ray
Electrons and positrons produced simultaneously from individual gamma rays curl in...
Courtesy of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, the University of California, Berkeley
electron density functions for four hydrogen atom states
Figure 5: Plots of electron density in the xz plane of atomic hydrogen are...
Daniel Kleppner and William P. Spencer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Figure 8: Transmission electron micrograph of single uranium atoms and microcrystals...
Albert V. Crewe, Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago
nanotechnology: man-made elliptical arrangements of atoms
Images of man-made elliptic arrangements of atoms on a metallic surface.
Courtesy IBM Research, Almaden Research Center. Unauthorized use not permitted.
Bohr theory
The Bohr theory sees an electron (left) as a point mass occupying certain energy...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Bohr atomic model of a nitrogen atom
Bohr atomic model of a nitrogen atom. The central nucleus contains the protons and...
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The classical “planetary” model of an atom. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus...
© Merriam-Webster Inc.
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