Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German philosopher, mathematician, and political adviser, important both as a metaphysician and as a logician and distinguished also for his independent invention of the differential and integral calculus. Leibniz was born into a pious Lutheran family near the end of

Georg Bernhard Bilfinger: …is best known for his Leibniz-Wolffian philosophy, a term he coined to refer to his own position midway between those of the philosophers Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Christian Wolff.

Annie Leibovitz is an American photographer renowned for her dramatic, quirky, and iconic portraits of a great variety of celebrities. Her signature style is crisp and well lighted. Leibovitz’s father had a military career, and her mother was a dancer. The family was living in the Philippines in

Annie Leibovitz is an American photographer renowned for her dramatic, quirky, and iconic portraits of a great variety of celebrities. Her signature style is crisp and well lighted. Leibovitz’s father had a military career, and her mother was a dancer. The family was living in the Philippines in

Jacob Frank was a Jewish false messiah who claimed to be the reincarnation of Shabbetai Tzevi (1626–76). The most notorious of the false messiahs, he was the founder of the antirabbinical Frankist, or Zoharist, sect. Frank often traveled in the Balkans and there met followers of Shabbetai. An

Jon Stewart is an American comedian, writer, and director who is best known for hosting (1999–2015, 2024) the satiric television news program The Daily Show. Stewart graduated from the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1984 and then held a series of odd jobs before pursuing a

Josef Dietrich: …in 1932 evolved into the Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler (LAH), which served as Hitler’s personal army and later became a division in the Waffen-SS. As a reward for the role played by the LAH in the violent purge of Ernst Röhm and other high-ranking SA officers in June 1934, Dietrich was…

Josef Dietrich: …in 1932 evolved into the Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler (LAH), which served as Hitler’s personal army and later became a division in the Waffen-SS. As a reward for the role played by the LAH in the violent purge of Ernst Röhm and other high-ranking SA officers in June 1934, Dietrich was…

Oskar Barnack: …to become available commercially, the Leica I, which was introduced in 1924 by the Ernst Leitz optical firm at Wetzlar, Ger.

Robert Bakewell: Bakewell also developed the Leicester sheep, a barrel-shaped animal that produced long coarse wool and also provided a good yield of high-quality fatty meat, though these sheep eventually lost their popularity because of changes in taste in meat.

Leicester, city and unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Leicestershire, England. It lies on the River Soar and the Grand Union Canal. Leicester was the site of a prominent Roman settlement (Ratae Corieltauvorum) that marked the point where the Fosse Way (a Roman road) crossed the

Leonardo da Vinci: Second Florentine period (1500–08) of Leonardo da Vinci: …Hammer (formerly known as the Leicester Codex, now in the property of software entrepreneur Bill Gates in Seattle, Washington, U.S.).

Earl of Leicester’s Men, earliest organized Elizabethan acting company. Formed in 1559 from members of the Earl of Leicester’s household, the troupe performed at court the following year. A favourite of Queen Elizabeth, the company was granted a license by royal patent. In 1576 James Burbage, a

United Kingdom: Matilda and Stephen: …Beaumont family, headed by the Earl of Leicester, and their allies, who formed a powerful court faction. They planned the downfall of the bishops, and, when a council meeting was held at Oxford in June 1139, they seized on the opportunity provided by a brawl in which some of Roger’s…

Robert Dudley, earl of Leicester was a favourite and possible lover of Queen Elizabeth I of England. Handsome and immensely ambitious, he failed to win the Queen’s hand in marriage but remained her close friend to the end of his life. His arrogance, however, undermined his effectiveness as a

Robert Sidney, 1st earl of Leicester was a soldier, diplomatist, and patron of literature. He was the younger brother of Sir Philip Sidney and second son of Sir Henry Sidney, an English lord deputy in Ireland. Educated at Christ Church, Oxford, he travelled on the Continent during most of the

Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester was the leader of the baronial revolt against King Henry III and ruler of England for less than a year. Simon de Montfort, wholly French by birth and education, was the son of Simon de Montfort l’Amaury, leader of the Crusade against the heretical Albigenses. On

Leicestershire, administrative, geographic, and historic county in the East Midlands region of England, bordered by Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Rutland, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, Staffordshire, and Derbyshire. The administrative, geographic, and historic counties occupy slightly different

Robert Bakewell: He developed the Leicestershire longhorn cattle, which were good meat producers but poor suppliers of milk and were later supplanted by the shorthorns bred by his apprentice Charles Colling. Bakewell also developed the Leicester sheep, a barrel-shaped animal that produced long coarse wool and also provided a good…

lai, medieval poetic and musical form, cultivated especially among the trouvères, or poet-musicians, of northern France in the 12th and 13th centuries but also among their slightly earlier, Provençal-language counterparts, the troubadours, and, called Leich, by the German minnesingers. The lai was

Ludwig Leichhardt was an explorer and naturalist who became one of Australia’s earliest heroes and whose mysterious disappearance aroused efforts to find him for nearly a century. While Leichhardt was a student at the universities of Berlin (1831, 1834–36) and Göttingen (1833), he turned from

Ludwig Leichhardt was an explorer and naturalist who became one of Australia’s earliest heroes and whose mysterious disappearance aroused efforts to find him for nearly a century. While Leichhardt was a student at the universities of Berlin (1831, 1834–36) and Göttingen (1833), he turned from

dew: …determine the amount of dew, Leick’s plates are weighed, whereas Duvdevani’s gauge involves the use of an optical dew scale. Other investigators developed recording dew balances whose surface and exposure conform with the surrounding surface as far as possible. It is by means of such dew balances that one can…

Leiden, gemeente (municipality), western Netherlands. It lies at the confluence of the Oude Rijn and Nieuwe Rijn (Old Rhine and New Rhine) rivers, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of The Hague and 5 miles (8 km) inland from the North Sea. First mentioned in 922 as a holding of Utrecht diocese, Leiden

The Sorrows of Young Werther, novel by J.W. von Goethe, published in German as Die Leiden des jungen Werthers in 1774. It was the first novel of the Sturm und Drang movement. The novel is the story of a sensitive, artistic young man who demonstrates the fatal effects of a predilection for

pre-Columbian civilizations: Classic civilization in the Maya lowlands: Tzakol phase: …developed Maya calendar is the Leiden Plate, a jade plaque, now housed in the National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, Netherlands, depicting a richly arrayed Maya lord trampling a captive underfoot. On its reverse side is a Long Count date corresponding to 320. Although it was found in a very late…

State University of Leiden, university in Leiden, Neth., founded in 1575 by William of Orange. It was originally modelled on the Academy of Geneva, an important centre of Calvinistic teaching. By the early 17th century Leiden had an international reputation as a centre of theology, science, and

Joseph Leidy was a zoologist, one of the most distinguished and versatile scientists in the United States, who made important contributions to the fields of comparative anatomy, parasitology, and paleontology. Soon after his appointment as librarian and curator at the Philadelphia Academy of

Leif Erikson was a Norse explorer widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. The 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic accounts of his life show that he was a member of an early voyage to eastern North America, although he may not have been the first to sight its

Leif Erikson was a Norse explorer widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. The 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic accounts of his life show that he was a member of an early voyage to eastern North America, although he may not have been the first to sight its

Leif Erikson was a Norse explorer widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. The 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic accounts of his life show that he was a member of an early voyage to eastern North America, although he may not have been the first to sight its

Leif Erikson was a Norse explorer widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. The 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic accounts of his life show that he was a member of an early voyage to eastern North America, although he may not have been the first to sight its

Leif Erikson was a Norse explorer widely held to have been the first European to reach the shores of North America. The 13th- and 14th-century Icelandic accounts of his life show that he was a member of an early voyage to eastern North America, although he may not have been the first to sight its

Leigh Creek, town and coalfield, east-central South Australia, 350 miles (563 km) by rail north of Adelaide. The original town was named for Harry Leigh, an employee at the local sheep station in the 1850s. Lignite coal, discovered there in 1888, was mined underground from 1892 to 1908 and then

nervous system disease: Deficiency states: Subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, also called Leigh disease, is a lethal disorder of infancy marked by psychomotor delay, myoclonic jerks, paralyses of eye movements, and respiratory disorders. The precise biochemical defect is unknown, but thiamine metabolism dysfunction may be involved. Seizures in early childhood are the…

Sotheby’s: …he went into partnership with George Leigh in 1767. Upon Baker’s death, his estate was divided between Leigh and a nephew, John Sotheby (1778–1807), whose successors were to move the business to 13 Wellington Street in 1818 and were to lead the company for more than 80 years—until 1861, when…

Janet Leigh was an American actor who had a half-century-long career that comprised some 60 motion pictures as well as television appearances but was most remembered for one role in particular, that of Marion Crane in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho (1960). In that film she suffered one of filmdom’s most

Noah Baumbach: Film career: …Wedding, a comedy drama starring Jennifer Jason Leigh (whom he had married in 2005), Nicole Kidman, Jack Black, and John Turturro. He collaborated with Anderson again in 2009, cowriting the screenplay for Fantastic Mr. Fox, Anderson’s stop-motion animation adaptation of Roald Dahl’s 1970 children’s book of the same name.

Mike Leigh is a British writer and director of film and theatre, known for his finely honed depictions of quotidian lives and for his improvisational rehearsal style. Leigh studied acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London in the early 1960s, but his interest in writing and directing

Simone Leigh is an American artist perhaps best known for her ceramic sculptures, though she also creates works involving video, installation, and social practice. Leigh often says that Black women are her primary audience, telling The New York Times in 2018 that she is interested in women

Vivien Leigh was a British actress who achieved motion picture immortality by playing two of American literature’s most celebrated Southern belles, Scarlett O’Hara and Blanche DuBois. The daughter of a Yorkshire stockbroker, she was born in India and convent-educated in England and throughout

Trafford Leigh-Mallory was a British air marshal who commanded the Allied air forces in the Normandy Invasion (1944) during World War II. Leigh-Mallory was educated at the University of Cambridge, received a commission in the British Army in 1914, and fought in France during World War I. In 1916 he

Frederic Leighton, Baron Leighton was an academic painter of immense prestige in his own time. After an education in many European cities, he went to Rome in 1852, where his social talents won him the friendship of (among others) the English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, the French novelist

Frederic Leighton, Baron Leighton was an academic painter of immense prestige in his own time. After an education in many European cities, he went to Rome in 1852, where his social talents won him the friendship of (among others) the English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, the French novelist

Margaret Leighton was an English actress of stage and screen noted for her versatility in classic and contemporary roles. Leighton made her stage debut as Dorothy in Laugh With Me (1938) at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre and then studied at Sir Barry Jackson’s theatre school in Birmingham. She

Robert Leighton was a Scottish Presbyterian minister and devotional writer who accepted two Anglican bishoprics in Scotland in an attempt to reconcile proponents of the presbyterian form of church government with their episcopal opponents. The son of Alexander Leighton, a Presbyterian who had been

infrared astronomy: …the decade, Gerry Neugebauer and Robert Leighton of the United States had surveyed the sky at the relatively short infrared wavelength of 2.2 micrometres and identified approximately 20,000 sources in the northern hemispheric sky alone. Since that time, balloons, rockets, and spacecraft have been employed to make observations of infrared…

Frederic Leighton, Baron Leighton was an academic painter of immense prestige in his own time. After an education in many European cities, he went to Rome in 1852, where his social talents won him the friendship of (among others) the English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, the French novelist

Osa Johnson was an American explorer, filmmaker, and writer who, with her husband, made a highly popular series of films featuring mostly African and South Sea tribal groups and wildlife. In 1910 Osa Leighty married adventurer and photographer Martin E. Johnson. For two years they played the

Stockelsdorf faience: …Johann Buchwald (as director) and Abraham Leihamer (as painter) worked there. Leihamer painted figurative scenes in the Chinese manner and also pastoral scenes; the colour range included turquoise, yellow, violet, and red. Figures were also painted with great effect in plain blue on a white ground: examples of this style…

Vigdís Finnbogadóttir: …served as director of the Reykjavík Theatre Company (Leikfélag Reykjavíkur) and participated in an experimental theatre group. During that period, she presented French lessons and cultural programming on Iceland State Television, a task that enhanced her national reputation and popularity. During the summer tourist season, she also served as a…

Limavady, town and former district (1973–2015) within the former County Londonderry, now part of the Causeway Coast and Glens district, northern Northern Ireland. Limavady town is on the River Roe 17 miles (27 km) east of the old city of Londonderry (Derry). Its name, meaning “the dog’s leap,” is

Sophronius: …tract on the religious life, Leimōn ho Leimōnon (Greek: “The Spiritual Meadow”). On the death of Moschus in Rome (619), Sophronius accompanied the body back to Jerusalem for monastic burial. He traveled to Alexandria, Egypt, and to Constantinople during 633 to persuade the respective patriarchs to renounce Monothelitism, a heterodox…

Hannover: …been built around the old Leine Palace (1636–40, rebuilt 1817–42), the former residence of the Hanoverian court, which was restored and is now the home of the Diet (Legislature) of Lower Saxony. Rebuilt museums include the Lower Saxony State Museum, with natural-history, prehistory, and ethnology departments and an extensive picture…

Benny Leonard was an American world lightweight (135-lb [61.2-kg]) boxing champion from May 28, 1917, when he knocked out Freddy Welsh in nine rounds in New York City, until Jan. 15, 1925, when he retired. He is regarded as one of the cleverest defensive boxers in the history of professional

Eino Leino was a prolific and versatile poet, a master of Finnish poetic forms, the scope of whose talent ranges from the visionary and mystical to topical novels, pamphlets, and critical journalism. Leino studied at the University of Helsinki and worked as a journalist, principally as literary and

Erich Leinsdorf was an Austrian-born American pianist and conductor. Following musical studies at the University of Vienna and the State Academy, Leinsdorf served as rehearsal, and then solo, pianist for Anton von Webern’s Singverein der Sozialdemokratischen Kunststelle (Choral Society of the

Leinster, the southeastern province of Ireland. It comprises the counties of Carlow, Dublin, Kildare, Kilkenny, Offaly, Longford, Louth, Meath, Laoighis, Westmeath, Wexford, and Wicklow. In its present form the province incorporates the ancient kingdom of Meath (Midhe) as well as that of Leinster,

Dublin: City layout: …Molesworth Street; Kildare House, renamed Leinster House when the earl became the duke of Leinster, is thought to have been the model for the White House in Washington, D.C. It is now the seat of the republic’s parliament (Oireachtas). Twin Victorian buildings, which were constructed on either side of Leinster…

Ireland: Political and social organization: (Ulaidh), Meath (Midhe), Leinster (Laighin), Munster (Mumhain), and Connaught (Connacht).

Wexford: …(2,402 feet [732 metres]) and Mount Leinster (2,602 feet [793 metres])—form a striking range rising from lowlands on all sides. Between the two main summits is the deep Scullogue Gap. Most of the county consists of a lowland between the mountains and the sea, with a maximum width of about…

The Book of Leinster, compilation of Irish verse and prose from older manuscripts and oral tradition and from 12th- and 13th-century religious and secular sources. It was tentatively identified in 1907 and finally in 1954 as the Lebar na Núachongbála (“The Book of Noughval”), which was thought

Minoru Yamasaki: …partner with George Hellmuth and Joseph Leinweber. Yamasaki designed the Lambert–St. Louis Municipal Airport terminal in Missouri, which was notable for its impressive use of concrete vaults and which strongly influenced subsequent American air-terminal design. In 1955, the year in which Hellmuth left the partnership, Yamasaki was commissioned to design…

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Leiodidae (mammal-nest beetles, round fungus beetles, small carrion beetles) Small, shiny. wingless; feed on eggs and young of small arthropods in small-mammal nests; widely distributed; habitats vary (caves, fungi, mammal nests). Family Ptiliidae (feather-winged beetles) Among the smallest

slipmouth, any of certain fishes (order Perciformes) that are characterized by slimy bodies with small scales and greatly protrusible mouths. The presence of luminescent bacteria cultured within an organ surrounding the esophagus causes the bodies of slipmouths to glow. They derive their name from

slipmouth: Leiognathus equula, the largest species, reaches 30 cm (12 inches). Slipmouth are abundant in shallow coastal waters and are widely used for food. One species, L. klunzingeri, is one of only two dozen Red Sea fishes known to have traversed the Suez Canal and successfully…

slipmouth: One species, L. klunzingeri, is one of only two dozen Red Sea fishes known to have traversed the Suez Canal and successfully established populations in the Mediterranean Sea.

muscle tumour: …types of muscle tumours are leiomyomas, rhabdomyomas, and rhabdomyosarcomas.

Leiopelma, a genus of small New Zealand frogs belonging to family Leiopelmatidae (order Anura). There are three known species, and all are 30 to 40 mm (1.2 to 1.6 inches) long. They are the only frogs indigenous to New Zealand and are threatened, persisting only along a few streams and seepage

frog and toad: Direct development from egg to froglet: …in the New Zealand leiopelmatid Leiopelma hochstetteri, the hatching froglet still has a tail. In Leiopelma, at least, vigorous thrusts of the tail are used to rupture the egg membranes. Soon after hatching, the tail is completely absorbed.

frog and toad: Annotated classification: Family Leiopelmatidae 9 presacral vertebrae (i.e., anterior to the pelvic girdle); parahyoid and caudaliopuboischiotibialis (“tail-wagging”) muscles present; direct development; New Zealand; 1 genus (Leiopelma), 4 species; adult length about 5 cm (2 inches). Bombinanura Family Bombinatoridae

Leiothrix, genus of birds of the babbler family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes), with two species: the silver-eared mesia, or silver-ear (L. argentauris), and the red-billed leiothrix (L. lutea), which is known to cage-bird fanciers as the Pekin, or Chinese, robin (or nightingale). Both range from

mesia, (species Leiothrix argentauris), songbird of the babbler family Timaliidae (order Passeriformes). It is found from Pakistan through the Indochinese peninsula in scrub and secondary jungle. This 15-centimetre- (6-inch-) long bird is olive above and yellow below, with a black crown, silver ear

Leiothrix: argentauris), and the red-billed leiothrix (L. lutea), which is known to cage-bird fanciers as the Pekin, or Chinese, robin (or nightingale). Both range from the Himalayas to Indochina; L. lutea has been introduced into Hawaii, where it is commonly called hill robin. The silver-ear has yellow, gray, red,…

megapode: …turkeys (not true turkeys); and mallee fowl, or lowan (Leipoa ocellata), which frequent the mallee, or scrub, vegetation of southern interior Australia. The mallee fowl, the best known of the group, is 65 cm (25.5 inches) long and has white-spotted, light brown plumage. The male builds a mound of decaying…

C. Louis Leipoldt was a South African doctor, journalist, and a leading poet of the Second Afrikaans Language Movement. Though trained as a doctor, Leipoldt was more attracted to a literary career. He began as a journalist writing for De kolonist, Het dagblad, and the South African News, and during

C. Louis Leipoldt was a South African doctor, journalist, and a leading poet of the Second Afrikaans Language Movement. Though trained as a doctor, Leipoldt was more attracted to a literary career. He began as a journalist writing for De kolonist, Het dagblad, and the South African News, and during

Leipzig, city, western Saxony Land (state), east-central Germany. It lies just above the junction of the Pleisse, Parthe, and Weisse Elster rivers, about 115 miles (185 km) southwest of Berlin. Leipzig is situated in the fertile, low-lying Leipzig Basin, which has extensive deposits of lignite

Leipzig: …is also the site of Bayerischer Bahnhof, Europe’s oldest operating train station. Leipzig is the focus of several major roads, and two airports serve the city.

Johann Eck: In the celebrated Leipzig disputation of 1519, Eck debated with Luther and his disciple, Andreas Karlstadt, on such topics as papal primacy and the infallibility of church councils. In 1520 Eck visited Rome, where he helped compose the papal bull Exsurge Domine (June 1520), in which Pope Leo…

Augsburg Interim: …the Protestants to adopt the Leipzig Interim, which upheld Protestant doctrines, at the Diet of Leipzig in December 1548. Neither interim was fully accepted, and a German religious settlement was not brought about until the Peace of Augsburg (1555).

Georg Philipp Telemann: Life: …and became director of the Leipzig Opera, for which he also composed. Telemann’s next positions were at two princely courts: first as kapellmeister (conductor of the court orchestra) in Sorau (now Żary, Poland; 1705–08), then as concertmaster (first violinist) and later kapellmeister in Eisenach (1708–12). By playing, conducting, studying, and…

Leipzig Zoological Garden, zoological garden in Leipzig, Germany, noted for its carnivore collection. The zoo was opened in 1878 and taken over by the city in 1920. Occupying a 22-hectare (54-acre) site, the zoo maintains about 5,000 specimens of approximately 600 species. With big cats as its main

Leipzig Zoological Garden, zoological garden in Leipzig, Germany, noted for its carnivore collection. The zoo was opened in 1878 and taken over by the city in 1920. Occupying a 22-hectare (54-acre) site, the zoo maintains about 5,000 specimens of approximately 600 species. With big cats as its main

Battle of Leipzig, (Oct. 16–19, 1813), decisive defeat for Napoleon, resulting in the destruction of what was left of French power in Germany and Poland. The battle was fought at Leipzig, in Saxony, between approximately 185,000 French and other troops under Napoleon, and approximately 320,000

University of Leipzig, coeducational state-controlled institution of higher education in Leipzig, Germany. It was renamed Karl Marx University of Leipzig in 1953 by the communist leadership of East Germany, but the original name was restored in 1990. The University of Leipzig was founded in 1409 by

University of Leipzig, coeducational state-controlled institution of higher education in Leipzig, Germany. It was renamed Karl Marx University of Leipzig in 1953 by the communist leadership of East Germany, but the original name was restored in 1990. The University of Leipzig was founded in 1409 by

Leiria, town and concelho (municipality), west-central Portugal. The town is located 70 miles (115 km) north of Lisbon, a few miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean. It originated as the Roman town of Collippo and was captured by the Moors early in the 8th century. After its reconquest in 1135 by

Michel Leiris was a French writer who was a pioneer in modern confessional literature and was also a noted anthropologist, poet, and art critic. Leiris studied at the Sorbonne (University of Paris) and at the School for Advanced Scientific and Religious Studies. While associated with the

Latin American art: Trends, c. 1970–present: …currencies from the 1980s inspired Jac Leirner, a Brazilian assemblage artist, to make long strings of worthless cruzeiro notes, which she or curators rearranged into beautiful curves wherever they were exhibited. In this way, money served as the raw material of art, rather than as a final reward for the…

Mitchell Leisen was an American costume designer, art director, and film and television director. He was considered a “woman’s director” by dint of the affinity he demonstrated for actresses. His motion pictures—almost all of them made at Paramount—were often dominated by strong female leads such

Johann Anton Leisewitz was a German dramatist whose most important work, Julius von Tarent (1776), was the forerunner of Friedrich Schiller’s famous Sturm und Drang masterpiece Die Räuber (1781; The Robbers). Leisewitz studied law at the University of Göttingen from 1770 and joined the Göttinger

leishmania, any of several species of flagellate protists belonging to the genus Leishmania in the order Trypanosomatida. These protists are parasites of vertebrates, to which they are transmitted by species of bloodsucking sand flies in the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. The leishmanial

leishmania, any of several species of flagellate protists belonging to the genus Leishmania in the order Trypanosomatida. These protists are parasites of vertebrates, to which they are transmitted by species of bloodsucking sand flies in the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. The leishmanial

leishmania: L. braziliensis, the cause of a form of leishmaniasis found in Central and South America, produces similar skin lesions but also causes deeper lesions of the oral and nasal mucous membranes.

leishmania: For example, Leishmania donovani, which attacks the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and other viscera, causes visceral leishmaniasis (also called kala-azar or black fever) in Africa, Europe, and Asia. L. tropica causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (also called oriental sore or Aleppo boil) in Africa, Europe, the Mediterranean, and the…

cutaneous leishmaniasis: …most commonly occurring form of leishmaniasis and is prevalent especially in the Americas, Asia, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. Parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis are transmitted to humans by the bite of female sand flies of the subfamily Phlebotominae.

leishmaniasis, human protozoal infection spread by the bite of a sandfly. Leishmaniasis occurs worldwide but is especially prevalent in tropical areas. Three major forms of the disease are recognized: visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous. Leishmaniasis is caused by various species of the

Leisler’s Rebellion, uprising in New York in 1689–91 led by Jacob Leisler, then one of the English province’s wealthiest merchants. The revolt, which took advantage of the instability that followed England’s Glorious Revolution (1688–89), was largely a product of dissatisfaction with a small

Jacob Leisler was a provincial militia captain who seized the reins of British colonial government in New York (Leisler’s Rebellion) and exercised effective control over the area for more than 18 months in 1689–91. Emigrating to New Netherland (New York) at the age of 20, Leisler quickly became one