harbours and sea works: Dredging: …be economically removed by a suction dredge, which pumps water mixed with silt into open hoppers. By adjustment of the capacity of the hopper to the rate of flow from the pump, the water can be made to remain in the hopper long enough to deposit most of the silt.…

plastic surgery: Aesthetic surgery: …addition, the judicious use of liposuction can improve contour in areas that are unbalanced by excess fat. For the face the use of botulinum toxin can weaken the underlying muscles that create some wrinkles; other wrinkles can be softened by injection of hyaluronic acid. Chemical peels, dermabrasion, and lasers can…

art conservation and restoration: Paintings on canvas: …referred to as a “suction plate” have gained wide use at the turn of the 21st century. The more elaborate versions of this instrument are equipped with heating elements and humidification systems beneath the perforated table surface. These features make it possible to apply controlled humidity, heat, and gentle…

pump: A suction pump works by atmospheric pressure; when the piston is raised, creating a partial vacuum, atmospheric pressure outside forces water into the cylinder, whence it is permitted to escape by an outlet valve. Atmospheric pressure alone can force water to a maximum height of about…

art conservation and restoration: Paintings on canvas: …been introduced by using a low-pressure suction table, from which the water is removed through spaced perforations in the table surface with a powerful downdraft of air. Pressure-sensitive adhesives have also been introduced as lining adhesives but have not been widely adopted. Although all these methods are currently in use,…

tornado: Violent (EF4 and EF5) tornadoes: …secondary vortices are also called suction vortices when they are most evident in the corner region, the area where the wind entering the base of the tornado abruptly “turns the corner” from primarily horizontal to vertical flow. A tornado with one or more suction vortices is distinguished from a multiple-vortex…

suctorian, any protozoan of the ciliate order Suctorida, which includes both freshwater and saltwater organisms. Suctorians are extremely widely distributed in nature. The young stage is free-swimming; the adult has no body cilia and is generally nonmotile (permanently attached), with tentacles

suctorian, any protozoan of the ciliate order Suctorida, which includes both freshwater and saltwater organisms. Suctorians are extremely widely distributed in nature. The young stage is free-swimming; the adult has no body cilia and is generally nonmotile (permanently attached), with tentacles

Amazon River: Plant life: excelsa), sapucaia trees (Lecythis), and sucupira trees (Bowdichia). Below the canopy are two or three levels of shade-tolerant trees, including certain species of palms—of the genera Mauritia, Orbignya, and Euterpe. Myrtles, laurels, bignonias, figs, Spanish cedars, mahogany, and rosewoods are also common.

anaconda, (genus Eunectes), any of three to five species of large, constricting, water-loving snakes found in tropical South America classified in the family Boidae (see also boa). Green anacondas (Eunectes akayima, the northern green anaconda, and E. murinus, the southern green anaconda) are among

European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company: Aerospatiale Matra: …two companies and then one, Sud Aviation, which was formed in 1957. The remaining two, following integration and amalgamation with a third partner, became Nord Aviation in 1958. Sud Aviation achieved great success internationally with the Caravelle medium-range jetliner and the Alouette helicopter series. It also served as the initial…

Apichatpong Weerasethakul: … in reverse, Sud pralad (2004; Tropical Malady; “Strange Animal”) is also a two-part feature. The first part examines the attraction between two young men, and the second part, set in a jungle, portrays the psychological aspects of this relationship as an unseen menace. Weerasethakul’s next film, Sang sattawat (Syndromes and…

Apichatpong Weerasethakul: …films were Sud sanaeha (2002; Blissfully Yours), a diptych that concerns the problems of illegal immigrants and shifts into what seems to be a real-time picnic; and, as co-director with Thai American artist Michael Shaowanasai, Hua jai tor ra nong (2003; The Adventure of Iron Pussy), a tongue-in-cheek Asian soap…

Haiti: Relief and drainage: …Massif de la Hotte (Massif du Sud), which rises to 7,700 feet (2,345 meters) at Macaya Peak. The Cayes Plain lies on the coast to the southeast of the peak.

Tagula Island, volcanic island of the Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It lies 175 miles (280 km) southeast of the island of New Guinea. The largest island of the archipelago, measuring 50 by 15 miles (80 by 24 km), Tagula has an area of 310 square miles (800

history of flight: The airlines reequip: …Sud-Est (later Aérospatiale) SE 210 Caravelle, a medium-range turbojet intended primarily for the continental European market. First flown on May 27, 1955, the Caravelle achieved sales of 282 aircraft, and a turbofan-powered variant was used for domestic routes by airlines in the United States—a marketing coup at the time. The…

encyclopaedia: The role of encyclopaedias: …as the 10th- or 11th-century Suidas, forms a convenient bridge between the dictionary and the encyclopaedia, in that it combines the essential features of both, embellishing them where necessary with pictures or diagrams, at the same time that it reduces most entries to a few lines that can provide a…

Sudan, country located in northeastern Africa. The name Sudan derives from the Arabic expression bilād al-sūdān (“land of the blacks”), by which medieval Arab geographers referred to the settled African countries that began at the southern edge of the Sahara. For more than a century, Sudan—first as

feed: Hay: …grasses (such as timothy and Sudan grass) are lower in protein and vary considerably depending on their stage of maturity and the amount of nitrogen fertilization applied to them. Stored hay is fed to animals when sufficient fresh pasture grass is not available.

Sudan, the vast tract of open savanna plains extending across Africa between the southern limits of the Sahara (desert) and the northern limits of the equatorial rain forests. The term derives from the Arabic bilād al-sūdān (“land of the black peoples”) and has been in use from at least the 12th

Ebola: Species of ebolaviruses: of ebolaviruses—known as Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus, named for their outbreak locations—have been described. The viruses are known commonly as Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV), Reston virus (RESTV), and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV).

Sudan: Mechanized agriculture: …with the government and the Sudan Gezira Board, which oversees administration, credit, and marketing. Although Sudan’s total output accounts for only a tiny percentage of world production, its importance in the cotton market results from supplying a large part of the extra-long-staple cotton grown in the world.

feed: Hay: …grasses (such as timothy and Sudan grass) are lower in protein and vary considerably depending on their stage of maturity and the amount of nitrogen fertilization applied to them. Stored hay is fed to animals when sufficient fresh pasture grass is not available.

Janjaweed: …Equality Movement (JEM) and the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA), mounted a joint raid on the Sudanese air base at Al-Fāshir in April 2003, destroying aircraft and capturing dozens of prisoners. The Al-Fāshir raid was a psychological blow to the government in Khartoum, and the SLA pressed its advantage, scoring a…

Sudan: Resumption of civil war: …under the banner of the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and its political wing, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM).

South Sudan: Political process: …are the ruling party, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM), and its offshoot, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement–Democratic Change (SPLM–DC). Other political parties active in the country include the Union of Sudan African Parties (USAP), Sudan African National Union (SANU), the South Sudan Democratic Forum (SSDF), and the United Democratic…

Ebola: Species of ebolaviruses: of ebolaviruses—known as Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus, named for their outbreak locations—have been described. The viruses are known commonly as Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV), Reston virus (RESTV), and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV).

Sudan: Finance and trade: The Bank of Sudan issues the currency, the Sudanese pound, and acts as banker to the government. The banking system is geared primarily to the finance of foreign trade and especially the cotton trade. Most banks are concentrated in Khartoum and the surrounding area. After the…

horizontally striped red-white-black national flag with a green hoist triangle. The flag’s width-to-length ratio is 1 to 2.In the late 19th century the religious leader al-Mahdī (Muḥammad Aḥmad) expelled the Egyptians and British from the Sudan and established a theocratic regime. His military

history of Sudan, a survey of the important events and people in the history of Sudan, from prehistoric times to the present day. The country is located in northeastern Africa. The name Sudan derives from the Arabic expression bilād al-sūdān (“land of the blacks”), by which medieval Arab

South Sudan, country located in northeastern Africa. Its rich biodiversity includes lush savannas, swamplands, and rainforests that are home to many species of wildlife. Prior to 2011, South Sudan was part of Sudan, its neighbour to the north. South Sudan’s population, predominantly African

South Sudan, country located in northeastern Africa. Its rich biodiversity includes lush savannas, swamplands, and rainforests that are home to many species of wildlife. Prior to 2011, South Sudan was part of Sudan, its neighbour to the north. South Sudan’s population, predominantly African

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Ethnic groups: Adamawa-Ubangi and Central Sudanic groups that settled in the north include the Zande (Azande), the Mangbetu, the Banda, and the Barambu (Abarambo). Nilotic peoples live in the northeast and include the Alur, the Kakwa, the Bari, the Lugbara, and the Logo. Tutsi from

Sudan: The Nimeiri regime: Nimeiri disbanded the Sudanese Communist Party, which went underground; its leader, Imām al-Hādī, was killed and his supporters dispersed. An abortive coup by the resilient communists in July 1971 collapsed after popular and foreign support held steadfast for the reinstallation of Nimeiri. The abortive coup had a profound…

Sudan: Resumption of civil war: …under the banner of the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and its political wing, the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM).

Modibo Keita: …and became secretary-general of the Sudanese Union. In 1946 the Sudanese Union merged with another anticolonial party, the African Democratic Rally, to form the US-RDA. Keita was briefly imprisoned by the French in 1946. Two years later, however, he won a seat in the territorial assembly of French Sudan, and…

Sudanic languages, any of the African languages spoken from Ethiopia in the east to Senegal in the west. Unrelated languages were included in the various groupings classified by some early scholars as Sudanic, usually on the basis of geographic or other nonlinguistic grounds. The term Sudanic

Diedrich Westermann: His 1911 publication, Die Sudansprachen (“The Languages of the Sudan”), paralleled Meinhof’s work on the Bantu languages: it postulated the genetic unity of a group of languages that had earlier been classified as “Mixed Negro,” and he reconstructed a parent language, “Ur-Sudan,” that preceded them. To do so,…

Aragon: Geography: The Sierra de Gúdar occupies almost all of Teruel province as well as the southwestern corner of Zaragoza.

origins of agriculture: Early historic period: …the dam and conduits at Sudarshana, a man-made lake on the Kathiawar Peninsula. Roads too were the government’s responsibility. The swifter horse-drawn chariot provided greater mobility than the bullock cart.

Indian philosophy: Ramanuja: Writers such as Sudarshana Suri and Venkatanatha continued to elaborate and defend the theses of the master, and much of their writing is polemical. Some differences are to be found regarding the nature of emancipation, the nature of devotion, and other ritual matters. The followers are divided into…

India: Early Vedic period: …10 chiefs or kings: when Sudas, the king of the preeminent Bharatas of southern Punjab, replaced his priest Vishvamitra with Vasishtha, Vishvamitra organized a confederacy of 10 tribes, including the Puru, Yadu, Turvashas, Anu, and Druhyu, which went to war against Sudas. The Bharatas survived and continued to play an…

Sudbury, town (township), Middlesex county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. Sudbury lies along the Sudbury River, west of Boston, and includes the villages of Sudbury and South Sudbury. Settled in 1638 by Watertown residents and by English colonists, it was incorporated in 1639 and named for Sudbury,

Sudbury, town (parish), Babergh district, administrative and historic county of Suffolk, eastern England. It lies on the River Stour about 18 miles (29 km) west of Ipswich. An important wool town during the Middle Ages, it has many half-timbered houses and three Perpendicular-style churches.

Sudbury, city, seat of Sudbury district, southeastern Ontario, Canada. It is situated on the western shore of Ramsey Lake, about 40 miles (65 km) north of Georgian Bay of Lake Huron. The site was the location of a temporary workers’ camp in 1883–84 during the construction of the Canadian Pacific

Precambrian: Layered igneous intrusions: The Sudbury Complex in southern Canada, which is about 1.9 billion years old, is a basin-shaped body that extends up to 60 km (37 miles) across. It consists mostly of layered norite and has deposits of copper, nickel, cobalt, gold, and platinum. It is noted for…

anorthosite: The thickness of the Sudbury Lopolith is estimated at 3 km (1.9 miles), that of the Bushveld at 5 km (3 miles). Anorthosite dikes (slablike, steeply inclined intrusions along fissures) are very rare, and effusive equivalents of anorthosite are unknown.

Arthur B. McDonald: …the first director of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO).

Henry Fitzroy, 1st duke of Grafton was the first duke of Grafton and the second illegitimate son of Charles II of England by Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland. After some initial hesitation he was officially recognized and became “the most popular and most able of the sons of Charles II.” He

Africa: Sudd: In addition to the major types of vegetation described above, a special vegetation called sudd (literally meaning “barrier”) occurs in the great Nile, Niger, and Zambezi drainage systems of the African interior plateau. Sedges (especially papyrus), reeds, and other water plants—including the floating Nile…

Al-Sudd, swampy lowland region of central South Sudan, 200 miles (320 km) wide by 250 miles (400 km) long. It is drained by headstreams of the White Nile, namely the Al-Jabal (Mountain Nile) River in the centre and the Al-Ghazāl River in the west. The Al-Jabal River overflows in the flat,

Nile River: Physiography of Nile River: …drainage system containing the large Lake Sudd. According to one theory on the evolution of the Nile system, about 25,000 years ago the East African drainage to Lake Victoria developed an outlet to the north, which sent its water into Lake Sudd. With the accumulation of sediments over a long…

Elmer Bernstein: …1952, with his score for Sudden Fear, he demonstrated the drama and originality that would distinguish his works. Although his support for left-wing causes hindered his career somewhat during the early 1950s, Bernstein continued to get work, and in the mid-’50s he established his reputation with the groundbreaking jazz-infused score…

Clint Eastwood: First directorial efforts: …the fourth Dirty Harry film, Sudden Impact (1983), with Locke portraying a rape victim on a vengeful murder spree. He then returned to his screen roots with the neo-mythic Pale Rider (1985), a quasi-religious western. It showcased Eastwood’s iconic presence and Surtees’s gorgeous photography and was one of the few…

sudden infant death syndrome, unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant from unexplained causes. SIDS is of worldwide incidence, and within industrialized countries it is the most common cause of death of infants between two weeks and one year old. In 95 percent of SIDS cases, infants are

atmosphere: Polar fronts and the jet stream: In addition, a phenomenon called sudden stratospheric warming, apparently the result of strong downward air motion, also occurs in the late winter and spring at high latitudes. Sudden stratospheric warming can significantly alter temperature-dependent chemical reactions of ozone and other reactive gases in the stratosphere and affect the development of…

epilepsy: Generalized-onset seizures: …linked to a phenomenon called sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which affects more than 8 percent of epilepsy patients and typically occurs in people between the ages of 20 and 30. The cause of SUDEP is not known with certainty. Scientists suspect that accumulated damage and scarring in cardiac…

chess: Origin of time controls: A second principle, sometimes called sudden death, was also considered—and abandoned—in the early days of competitive chess. With a sudden-death format a set amount of time is allowed for all a player’s moves in a game. Sudden-death time controls were regarded in the 19th century and most of the 20th…

Lewis Allen: … (1952) before finding success with Suddenly (1954), a gripping drama about a plot to kill the president of the United States in a backwater town. Frank Sinatra, as a professional assassin, gave one of the best performances of his career, and Suddenly ranks among Allen’s best films. The Cold War…

Suddenly Last Summer, drama in one act by Tennessee Williams, published in 1958. It concerns lobotomy, pederasty, and cannibalism. It is the melodramatic yet horrific story of Sebastian Venable, a self-involved sadistic gay man with an overprotective mother. Suddenly Last Summer was performed in

Kathy Griffin: …ingenue on the comedy series Suddenly Susan (1996–2000). Her profile was further raised with an appearance on the HBO Comedy Half-Hour in 1996 and, two years later, in a stand-alone comedy special on HBO, Hot Cup of Talk.

Joseph L. Mankiewicz: Films of the 1950s: Suddenly, Last Summer (1959) was better received. Gore Vidal adapted the Tennessee Williams play that concerns lobotomy, pederasty, and cannibalism. Elizabeth Taylor starred as a young woman who develops mental issues following the death of her cousin and is institutionalized. The dead cousin’s overprotective mother…

Süddeutsche Zeitung (Sz), daily newspaper published in Munich, considered one of the three most influential papers in Germany. Süddeutsche Zeitung was the first paper to be licensed in Bavaria (1945) by the Allied occupation authorities following the end of World War II. The newspaper was founded

Vaishnavism: The Pushtimarg sect maintains the shuddhadvaita (“pure nondualism”) doctrine of the theologian Vallabhacharya, which does not declare the phenomenal world to be an illusion. The Gaudiya sect, founded by Chaitanya, teaches achintya-bhedabheda (“inconceivable duality and nonduality”), the belief that the relation between God and the world is beyond the scope…

Jason Sudeikis is an American comedian, actor, and writer who first garnered attention for his work (2003–13) on the TV show Saturday Night Live (SNL) and later starred in the hugely popular series Ted Lasso (2020–23). Sudeikis is the eldest of three children born to Kathryn (née Wendt) Sudeikis,

Jason Sudeikis is an American comedian, actor, and writer who first garnered attention for his work (2003–13) on the TV show Saturday Night Live (SNL) and later starred in the hugely popular series Ted Lasso (2020–23). Sudeikis is the eldest of three children born to Kathryn (née Wendt) Sudeikis,

history of photography: Documentary photography: …not as extensively, Czech photographer Josef Sudek created an artistic document of his immediate surroundings. He was particularly fascinated with his home and garden, often shooting the latter through a window.

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg: …notebooks he referred to as Sudelbücher, or “waste books,” where he recorded quotations, sketched, and made brief observations on a wide range of subjects from science to philosophy. First published posthumously in 1800–06, they became his best-known work and gave him his reputation as an aphorist. Selections from the Sudelbücher…

epilepsy: Generalized-onset seizures: …linked to a phenomenon called sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which affects more than 8 percent of epilepsy patients and typically occurs in people between the ages of 20 and 30. The cause of SUDEP is not known with certainty. Scientists suspect that accumulated damage and scarring in cardiac…

Hamburg: Site: …branches, the Norderelbe and the Süderelbe, but these branches meet again opposite Altona, just west of the old city, to form the Unterelbe, which flows into the North Sea some 65 miles downstream from Hamburg. Two other rivers flow into the Elbe at Hamburg—the Alster from the north and the…

Hermann Sudermann was one of the leading writers of the German naturalist movement. Though first apprenticed to a chemist, Sudermann was eventually able to attend the University of Königsberg. After a short period as a tutor in Berlin, he worked as a journalist, then turned to writing novels. Frau

Río de la Plata: Hydrology of the system: …southwest) and southeasterly winds called sudestados both exert a great influence on the Río de la Plata: the pampero, when it is most powerful, drives the water onto the Uruguayan coast, so that the water level drops on the Argentine side; the southeasterly wind has the effect of flooding the…

Sudeten, system of east-west mountain ranges of northeastern Bohemia and northern Moravia, Czech Republic, bordering on Poland. The system has three subgroups: the West Sudeten range is composed of the Lusatian Mountains, the Jizera Mountains, and the Giant (Krkonoše) Mountains (qq.v.); the Middle

Konrad Henlein: …appeared as leader of the Sudeten-German Home Front (Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront), which became the second strongest party in the Czech chamber in 1935. On April 24, 1938, he unavailingly demanded autonomy for the Sudeten-German areas. He visited Adolf Hitler on September 1 and two weeks later, when a revolt broke out…

Sudeten, system of east-west mountain ranges of northeastern Bohemia and northern Moravia, Czech Republic, bordering on Poland. The system has three subgroups: the West Sudeten range is composed of the Lusatian Mountains, the Jizera Mountains, and the Giant (Krkonoše) Mountains (qq.v.); the Middle

Konrad Henlein: …appeared as leader of the Sudeten-German Home Front (Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront), which became the second strongest party in the Czech chamber in 1935. On April 24, 1938, he unavailingly demanded autonomy for the Sudeten-German areas. He visited Adolf Hitler on September 1 and two weeks later, when a revolt broke out…

Konrad Henlein: …appeared as leader of the Sudeten-German Home Front (Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront), which became the second strongest party in the Czech chamber in 1935. On April 24, 1938, he unavailingly demanded autonomy for the Sudeten-German areas. He visited Adolf Hitler on September 1 and two weeks later, when a revolt broke out…

Sudetenland, sections of northern and western Bohemia and northern Moravia, in the vicinity of the Sudeten mountain ranges. The Sudetenland, which had a predominately German population, was incorporated into Czechoslovakia when that new nation’s frontiers were drawn in 1918–19. The Sudeten and

Sudeten, system of east-west mountain ranges of northeastern Bohemia and northern Moravia, Czech Republic, bordering on Poland. The system has three subgroups: the West Sudeten range is composed of the Lusatian Mountains, the Jizera Mountains, and the Giant (Krkonoše) Mountains (qq.v.); the Middle

Max Nordau was a physician, writer, and early Jewish nationalist who was instrumental in establishing recognition of Palestine as a potential Jewish homeland to be gained by colonization. In 1880, after serving as Viennese correspondent for a Budapest newspaper and traveling extensively in Europe,

Noakhali, port city, southern Bangladesh. It lies on the Noakhali watercourse near the estuary of the Meghna River as it empties into the Bay of Bengal. The port is connected by road and rail with Comilla and by boat with Barisal. The milling of jute, rice, flour, and oilseeds; chemical and soap

Thomas C. Südhof is a German American neuroscientist who discovered key molecular components and mechanisms that form the basis of chemical signaling in neurons. His findings helped scientists to better understand the cellular mechanisms underlying neurological conditions such as autism,

Thomas C. Südhof is a German American neuroscientist who discovered key molecular components and mechanisms that form the basis of chemical signaling in neurons. His findings helped scientists to better understand the cellular mechanisms underlying neurological conditions such as autism,

Jiajing was the reign name (nianhao) of the 11th emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), whose long reign (1521–66/67) added a degree of stability to the government but whose neglect of official duties ushered in an era of misrule. Notoriously cruel, Jiajing caused hundreds of officials who had

Sudirman Range, western section of the Maoke Mountains of the central highlands of New Guinea. The Sudirman Range is located in the Indonesian province of Papua. The rugged range, which may have no pass lower than 13,000 feet (4,000 metres), rises to Jaya Peak (formerly Puntjak Sukarno or Mount

Budi Utomo: …originated through the efforts of Mas Wahidin Sudirohusodo (1852–1917), a retired Javanese physician who, attempting to elevate the Javanese people through the study of Western knowledge as well as their own cultural heritage, sought to obtain support for a scholarship fund for Indonesian students. His efforts were supported by Dutch-educated…

clay mineral: Chlorite: …magnesium-rich aluminum dioctahedral chlorites called sudoite. Cookeite is another type of dioctahedral chlorite, in which lithium substitutes for aluminum in the octahedral sheets.

sudoku, popular form of number game. In its simplest and most common configuration, sudoku consists of a 9 × 9 grid with numbers appearing in some of the squares. The object of the puzzle is to fill the remaining squares, using all the numbers 1–9 exactly once in each row, column, and the nine 3 ×

Shudra, fourth and lowest of the traditional varnas, or social classes, of India, traditionally artisans and labourers. The term does not appear in the earliest Vedic literature. Unlike the members of the three dvija (“twice-born”) varnas—Brahmans (priests and teachers), Kshatriya (nobles and

ceremonial object: Objects used in rites of passage: …wear a sacred shirt (sudra) made of two pieces of white cambric stitched together. For ordination, a shawl, a cotton veil (padan) to cover the nose and mouth, and a mace are added; the Brahmanic (Vedic) initiate also receives a tall staff and a black antelope skin. In Sikhism…

Shudra, fourth and lowest of the traditional varnas, or social classes, of India, traditionally artisans and labourers. The term does not appear in the earliest Vedic literature. Unlike the members of the three dvija (“twice-born”) varnas—Brahmans (priests and teachers), Kshatriya (nobles and

South Asian arts: The theatre: …to nothing is known of Śūdraka except that he must have hailed from Ujjayinī. His is the most charming of all prakaraṇa plays (those that are not based on epic material): the Mṛcchakaṭikā (“Little Clay Cart”), the story of an impoverished merchant and a courtesan who love each other but…

Midgard: …up by four dwarfs, Nordri, Sudri, Austri, and Vestri (the four points of the compass), and became the dome of the heavens. The sun, moon, and stars were made of scattered sparks that were caught in the skull.

Austria: Restoration of sovereignty: …part of the Italian Trentino–Alto Adige region) and the problem of association with the European Economic Community (EEC; later succeeded by the European Union). During the Paris Peace Conference of 1946, an agreement had been signed guaranteeing the rights of the German-speaking population of Südtirol, a region that Italy…

bhūmi: …evil passions and ignorance), (5) sudurjayā (“hard to conquer”), (6) abhimukhī (“turning toward” both transmigration and nirvana), (7) dūraṅgamā (“far-going”), (8) acalā (“immovable”), (9) sādhumatī (“good-minded”), and (10) dharmameghā (showered with “clouds of dharma,” or universal truth).

Ebola: Species of ebolaviruses: of ebolaviruses—known as Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus, named for their outbreak locations—have been described. The viruses are known commonly as Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV), Reston virus (RESTV), and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV).

Sue, nickname for one of the most complete and best-preserved skeletons of Tyrannosaurus rex. The fossil was dated to approximately 67 million years ago. Measuring 12.8 metres (42 feet) long, Sue is among the largest known skeletons of T. rex. The specimen was found on August 12, 1990, on South

Maria Schneider: …the David Bowie single “Sue (Or in a Season of Crime),” and her arrangement won a Grammy. She also earned acclaim for the recording The Thompson Fields (2015), and it received the Grammy for best large jazz ensemble album. Data Lords (2020) contrasts the richness of the natural world…

insurance: Sue and labour clause: The sue and labour clause requires the ship owner to make every attempt to reduce or save the exposed interests from loss. Under the terms of the clause, the insurer pays for any necessary costs incurred in carrying out the requirements…

Fantastic Four: Origins: Reed Richards, a pompous scientist; Sue Storm, his lovely and somewhat reserved fiancée; Sue’s hotheaded teenaged brother Johnny Storm; and Richards’s beefy longtime friend pilot Ben Grimm. The foursome commandeered an untested spaceship of Richards’s design from the U.S. military in a frantic but unsanctioned effort to beat the Soviets…