Architecture, COR-FRI
Architecture is a sphere of art and design in which functionality and aesthetics can combine to produce visually stunning structures that manage to both catch the eye and serve a functional purpose. The expansive variety of architectural styles that have been employed throughout the ages underscores the fact that not every building need look the same, a principle that is readily apparent when comparing Gothic cathedrals with igloos or pagodas with cliff dwellings. Although architecture is commonly associated first and foremost with the design and construction of buildings, landscape architects may work with gardens, parks, and other planned outdoor areas, aiding in the development and decorative planning of such spaces.
Architecture Encyclopedia Articles By Title
cornice, in architecture, the decorated projection at the top of a wall provided to protect the wall face or to......
Charles Correa was an Indian architect and urban planner known for his adaptation of Modernist tenets to local......
Lúcio Costa was a French-born Brazilian architect best known as the creator of the master plan for Brazil’s new......
Robert de Cotte was an influential French architect who created mansions now regarded as the epitome of early Rococo......
coving, in architecture, concave molding or arched section of wall surface. An example is the curved soffit connecting......
Antoine Coysevox was a French sculptor known for his decorative work at the palace of Versailles and for his portrait......
Ralph Adams Cram was an architect and writer, and the foremost Gothic revival architect in the United States. Inspired......
crannog, in Scotland and Ireland, artificially constructed sites for houses or settlements; they were made of timber,......
Paul Phillippe Cret was an architect and teacher, a late adherent to the Beaux Arts tradition. Introduced to architecture......
crocket, in architecture, a small, independent, sharply projecting medieval ornament, usually occurring in rows,......
Il Cronaca was an Italian Renaissance architect whose sober style emphasizes planes and linear design. He was not......
Jasper Francis Cropsey was an American painter and architect associated with the second generation of the Hudson......
crypt, vault or subterranean chamber, usually under a church floor. In Latin, crypta designated any vaulted building......
Cubism, highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was created principally by the artists Pablo......
cusp, in architecture, the intersections of lobed or scalloped forms, particularly in arches (cusped arches) and......
François de Cuvilliés the Elder was the chief architect and decorator in the Bavarian Rococo style. He was trained......
Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba, Islamic mosque in Córdoba, Spain, which was converted into a Christian cathedral in......
dado, in Classical architecture, the plain portion between the base and cornice of the pedestal of a column and,......
Daedalus, mythical Greek inventor, architect, and sculptor who was said to have built, among other things, the......
George Dance, the Younger was a British architect who was responsible for extensive urban redevelopment in London.......
Alexander Jackson Davis was an American architect, designer, draftsman, and illustrator who was best known for......
Luca della Robbia was a sculptor, one of the pioneers of Florentine Renaissance style, who was the founder of a......
Philibert Delorme was one of the great Renaissance architects of the 16th century and, possibly, the first French......
desert palace, any country dwelling built in Syria, Jordan, and Palestine by Umayyad (661–750 ce) rulers and aristocrats.......
Desiderio da Settignano was a Florentine sculptor whose works, particularly his marble low reliefs, were unrivaled......
Louis-Jean Desprez was a French painter, stage designer, architect, and engraver. He was an important figure in......
George Devey was a British architect who influenced nonacademic architects in England in the late 19th and early......
diaper, in architecture, surface decoration, carved or painted, generally composed of square or lozenge shapes......
Christoph Dientzenhofer was a German architect who was a leading builder in the Bohemian Baroque style. Dientzenhofer......
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer was a German architect who was one of the leading Bohemian Baroque builders. Dientzenhofer......
Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy was a French archaeologist and civil engineer who excavated the palaces of the ancient......
Dinocrates was a Greek architect who prospered under Alexander the Great. He tried to captivate the ambitious fancy......
Palace of Diocletian, ancient Roman palace built between 295 and 305 ce at Split (Spalato), Croatia, by the emperor......
Doges’ Palace, official residence in Venice of the doges, who were the elected leaders of the former Venetian republic.......
Georg von Dollmann was a German architect, one of the builders of three grandiose curiosities sponsored by the......
Dolmabahçe Palace, the largest and most sumptuous palace in Turkey, located on the coast of the Bosporus in Istanbul.......
domus, private family residence of modest to palatial proportions, found primarily in ancient Rome and Pompeii.......
Poland is a place of many modern and historical monuments of architectural and historical importance. Some of them......
Doric order, one of the orders of classical architecture, characterized by a simple and austere column and capital.......
Balkrishna Doshi was an Indian architect, the first from that country to be awarded the prestigious Pritzker Prize......
Andrew Jackson Downing was an American horticulturist, landscape gardener, and architect, the first great landscape......
Jane Drew was a British architect who, with her husband, Maxwell Fry, was a forerunner in the field of modern tropical......
Drottningholm Palace, Royal palace, near Stockholm. It was designed by Nicodemus Tessin (1615–81) and built 1662–86.......
Willem Marinus Dudok was a Dutch architect whose work is related both to the school of Amsterdam, which emphasized......
the Duomo, Roman Catholic church in Florence, Italy. When it was consecrated in 1436, it was the world’s largest......
Max Dupain was an Australian photographer who developed an influential style of commercial photography that emphasized......
Dur Sharrukin, ancient Assyrian city located northeast of Nineveh, in Iraq. Built between 717 and 707 bce by the......
Dur-Kurigalzu, fortified city and royal residence of the later Kassite kings, located near Babylon in southern......
Durham Cathedral, Anglican cathedral in the city and county of Durham in northeastern England, U.K., that is the......
Wilhelm Dörpfeld was a German archaeologist and authority on Greek architecture who excavated the Mycenaean palace......
Earthship, any of several passive solar houses based on the design principles of New Mexican architect Michael......
egg and dart, in architecture, design shape used in moldings. It consists of a series of bas-relief ovals alternating......
ancient Egyptian architecture, the architectural monuments produced mainly during the dynastic periods of the first......
Egyptian art and architecture, the ancient architectural monuments, sculptures, paintings, and applied crafts produced......
- Introduction
- Predynastic, Hieroglyphs, Pyramids
- Dynastic, Temples, Pyramids
- Pyramids, Temples, Tombs
- Khufu Pyramid, Giza, Ancient
- Temples, Pyramids, Obelisks
- Domestic, Temples, Pyramids
- Sculpture, Pyramids, Temples
- Relief, Painting, Sculpture
- Sculpture, Reliefs, Pyramids
- Sculpture, Painting, Reliefs
- Greco-Roman, Temples, Pyramids
Egon Eiermann was one of the most prominent German architects to emerge after World War II. His wide variety of......
Eiffel Tower, wrought-iron structure in Paris that is among the most famous landmarks in the world. It is also......
Peter Eisenman is an American architect known for his radical designs and architectural theories. He is often characterized......
El Escorial, village, western Madrid provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), central......
Elgin Marbles, collection of ancient Greek sculptures and architectural details in the British Museum, London,......
Harvey Ellis was an American architect and painter, one of the notable architectural renderers of his time. Ellis,......
George Grant Elmslie was an architect whose importance in the Prairie school of U.S. architecture in the first......
Ely Cathedral, Anglican cathedral in Ely, Cambridgeshire, England, U.K. The Romanesque cathedral can trace its......
Empire State Building, steel-framed skyscraper rising 102 stories that was completed in New York City in 1931 and......
entablature, in architecture, assemblage of horizontal moldings and bands supported by and located immediately......
Erebuni, ancient Urartian palace-fortress probably built by King Argishti I in the first quarter of the 8th century......
Arthur Erickson was a Canadian architect. He first earned wide recognition with his plan for Simon Fraser University......
Ernest Hemingway House, house in Key West, Florida, U.S. that was the home of American novelist and short-story......
Frida Escobedo is a Mexican architect whose experimental, multidisciplinary approach to architectural design has......
factory, Structure in which work is organized to meet the need for production on a large scale usually with power-driven......
Giovanni Maria Falconetto was an Italian painter and architect. His father, Giacomo Falconetto, a brother, Giovanni......
Fallingwater, weekend residence near Mill Run, southwestern Pennsylvania, that was designed by American architect......
Palazzo Farnese, Roman palace that serves as an important example of High Renaissance architecture. It was designed......
Farnsworth House, pioneering steel-and-glass house in Plano, Illinois, U.S., designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe......
Tall al-Farʿah, ancient site in southwestern Palestine, located on the Wadi Ghazzah near Tall al-ʿAjjul, in modern......
fascia, In architecture, a continuous flat band or molding parallel to the surface that it ornaments and either......
Federal style, American revival of Roman architecture, especially associated with Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin......
Sverre Fehn was a Norwegian architect known for his designs of private houses and museums that integrated modernism......
feng shui, an ancient Chinese practice of orienting significant sites, buildings, and the spaces and objects within......
Fenway Park, baseball park in Boston that is home to the Red Sox, the city’s American League (AL) team. Opened......
Ferris wheel, popular amusement ride that typically consists of several seats, or cars, that rotate around a large......
Filarete was an architect, sculptor, and writer, who is chiefly important for his Trattato d’architettura (“Treatise......
fillet, (from Latin filum, “thread”), in architecture, the characteristically rectangular or square ribbonlike......
finial, in architecture, the decorative upper termination of a pinnacle, gable end, buttress, canopy, or spire.......
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach was an Austrian architect, sculptor, and architectural historian whose Baroque......
Johann Michael Fischer was a German architect, one of the most creative and prolific designers of late Baroque......
Flamboyant style, phase of late Gothic architecture in 15th-century France and Spain. It evolved out of the Rayonnant......
Flatiron Building, steel-framed skyscraper in New York City that was completed in 1902. It is one of the city’s......
Cornelis II Floris was a Flemish sculptor, engraver, and medalist whose Antwerp workshop contributed significantly......
fluting and reeding, in architectural decoration, surfaces worked into a regular series of (vertical) concave grooves......
flèche, in French architecture, any spire; in English it is an architectural term for a small slender spire placed......
foil, in architecture, leaf-shaped, indented spaces which, combined with cusps (small, projecting arcs outlining......
Carlo Fontana was an Italian architect, engineer, and publisher whose prolific studio produced widely imitated......
Domenico Fontana was an Italian architect who worked on St. Peter’s Basilica and other famous buildings of Rome......
Forbidden City, imperial palace complex at the heart of Beijing (Peking), China. Commissioned in 1406 by the Yongle......
Henry Ford was an American industrialist who revolutionized factory production with his assembly-line methods.......
fortification, in military science, any work erected to strengthen a position against attack. Fortifications are......
Norman Foster is a British architect known for his sleek modern buildings made of steel and glass. Foster was trained......
Francesco di Giorgio was an early Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, and designer. Remarkably versatile,......
fret, in decorative art and architecture, any one of several types of running or repeated ornament, consisting......
frieze, in Greco-Roman Classical architecture, the middle of the three main divisions of an entablature (section......