Architecture, 10 -BIB
Architecture is a sphere of art and design in which functionality and aesthetics can combine to produce visually stunning structures that manage to both catch the eye and serve a functional purpose. The expansive variety of architectural styles that have been employed throughout the ages underscores the fact that not every building need look the same, a principle that is readily apparent when comparing Gothic cathedrals with igloos or pagodas with cliff dwellings. Although architecture is commonly associated first and foremost with the design and construction of buildings, landscape architects may work with gardens, parks, and other planned outdoor areas, aiding in the development and decorative planning of such spaces.
Architecture Encyclopedia Articles By Title
10 Downing Street, address in London of the official office and residence of the prime minister of the United Kingdom......
Aachen Cathedral, cathedral in Aachen, Germany, that was commissioned by the Holy Roman emperor Charlemagne and......
Alvar Aalto was a Finnish architect, city planner, and furniture designer whose international reputation rests......
abbey, group of buildings housing a monastery or convent, centred on an abbey church or cathedral, and under the......
Abbotsford, former home of the 19th-century novelist Sir Walter Scott, situated on the right bank of the River......
Sir Patrick Abercrombie was a British architect and town planner who redesigned London after it was devastated......
Abrāj al-Bayt, multitowered skyscraper complex adjacent to the Great Mosque of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Completed in......
acanthus, in architecture and decorative arts, a stylized ornamental motif based on a characteristic Mediterranean......
acropolis, central, defensively oriented district in ancient Greek cities, located on the highest ground and containing......
acroterion, in architecture, decorative pedestal for an ornament or statue placed atop the pediment of a Greek......
Robert Adam was a Scottish architect and designer who, with his brother James (1730–94), transformed Palladian......
David Adjaye is a British-based architect of Ghanaian descent who won international acclaim for his diverse designs......
Dankmar Adler was an architect and engineer whose partnership with Louis Sullivan was perhaps the most famous and......
African architecture, the architecture of Africa, particularly of sub-Saharan Africa. In North Africa, where Islam......
Agostino Di Giovanni was a late Gothic sculptor, best known for his work, with Agnolo di Ventura, on the tomb of......
Ai Weiwei is a Chinese artist and activist who produced a multifaceted array of creative work, including sculptural......
aisle, portion of a church or basilica that parallels or encircles the major sections of the structure, such as......
Akbar period architecture, building style that developed in India under the patronage of the Mughal emperor Akbar......
Akbar’s Mausoleum, marble and red sandstone mausoleum of the great Mughal emperor Akbar, located in Sikandra, a......
Leon Battista Alberti was an Italian humanist, architect, and principal initiator of Renaissance art theory. In......
alcazar, any of a class of fortified structures built in the 14th and 15th centuries in Spain. (The term is derived......
Aleijadinho was a prolific and influential Brazilian sculptor and architect whose Rococo statuary and religious......
Alessandro Algardi was one of the most important Roman sculptors of the 17th century working in the Baroque style.......
Alhambra, palace and fortress of the Moorish monarchs of Granada, Spain. The name Alhambra, signifying in Arabic......
Allianz Arena, stadium in Munich that was designed by the architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron and completed in......
altarpiece, work of art that decorates the space above and behind the altar in a Christian church. Painting, relief,......
AMA Plaza, a 52-story skyscraper in downtown Chicago, Illinois, U.S., designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and......
Amalienborg, residential square in Copenhagen, Den., built during the reign (1746–66) of King Frederick V and comprising......
ambo, in the Christian liturgy, a raised stand formerly used for reading the Gospel or the Epistle, first used......
Amboise, town, Indre-et-Loire département, Centre-Val-de-Loire région, central France, on both banks of the Loire......
ambulatory, in architecture, continuation of the aisled spaces on either side of the nave (central part of the......
Amiens Cathedral, Gothic cathedral located in the historic city of Amiens, France, in the Somme River valley north......
Bartolommeo Ammannati was an Italian sculptor and architect whose buildings mark the transition from the classicizing......
amphitheatre, freestanding building of round or, more often, oval shape with a central area, the arena, and seats......
Manolis Andronicos was a Greek archaeologist who discovered ancient royal tombs in northern Greece possibly belonging......
Tadao Andō is one of Japan’s leading contemporary architects. He is best known for his minimalist concrete buildings.......
Angkor Wat, temple complex at Angkor, near Siem Reap, Cambodia, that was built in the 12th century by King Suryavarman......
Anglo-Saxon art, manuscript illumination and architecture produced in Britain from about the 7th century to the......
Benedetto Antelami was an Italian sculptor and architect considered to have been one of the greatest of his time.......
anthemion, design consisting of a number of radiating petals, developed by the ancient Greeks from the Egyptian......
Aon Center, 83-floor (1,136 feet, or 346.3 metres, tall) commercial skyscraper located at 200 E. Randolph Street......
apartment house, building containing more than one dwelling unit, most of which are designed for domestic use,......
Apollodorus of Damascus was a Damascus-born Greek engineer and architect who worked primarily for the Roman emperor......
apse, in architecture, a semicircular or polygonal termination to the choir, chancel, or aisle of a secular or......
Alejandro Aravena is a Chilean architect known for his socially conscious building projects that attempt to break......
Thomas Archer was a British architect and practitioner of what was, for England, an extraordinarily extravagant......
The Architects Collaborative (TAC), association of architects specializing in school buildings that was founded......
architecture, the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with......
- Introduction
- Gothic, Baroque, Modern
- Religious, Sacred, Temples
- Theatre Design, Acoustics, Performance
- Planning, Design, Construction
- Planning, Use, Design
- Design, Structures, Materials
- Brick, Masonry, Building
- Iron, Steel, Structures
- Design, Construction, Materials
- Post & Lintel
- Vaults, Structures, Design
- Framed Structures, Design, Construction
- Symbols, Function, Design
- Expression, Technique, Design
- Space, Mass, Design
- Scale, Proportion, Design
- Texture, Form, Space
- Mimetic, Ornamentation, Design
- Design, Function, Aesthetics
- Functionalism, Design, Structures
- Commodity, Firmness, Delight
- Utilitas, Function, Design
architrave, in Classical architecture, the lowest section of the entablature (horizontal member), immediately above......
archivolt, molding running around the face of an arch immediately above the opening. The architectural term is......
arena, central area of an amphitheatre...
Arnolfo di Cambio was an Italian sculptor and architect whose works embody the transition between the late Gothic......
Art Deco, movement in the decorative arts and architecture that originated in the 1920s and developed into a major......
Art Nouveau, style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States.......
Egid Quirin Asam was a late Baroque architect whose work, often produced in collaboration with his brother Cosmas......
Ashur, ancient religious capital of Assyria, located on the west bank of the Tigris River in northern Iraq. The......
Gunnar Asplund was a Swedish architect whose work shows the historically important transition from Neoclassical......
Astrodome, the world’s first domed air-conditioned indoor stadium, built in Houston, Texas, in 1965 and arguably......
atrium, in architecture, an open central court originally of a Roman house and later of a Christian basilica. In......
auditorium, the part of a public building where an audience sits, as distinct from the stage, the area on which......
Iwan Baan is a Dutch architectural photographer who used unexpected perspectives and the presence of people and......
Tower of Babel, in biblical literature, structure built in the land of Shinar (Babylonia) some time after the Deluge.......
Baccio d’Agnolo was a wood-carver, sculptor, and architect who exerted an important influence on the Renaissance......
Henry Bacon was an American architect, best-known as the designer of the Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C. Bacon......
Badminton, village (parish), South Gloucestershire unitary authority, historic county of Gloucestershire, southwestern......
Bahāʾī temple, in the Bahāʾī faith, house of worship open to adherents of all religions. See mashriq...
Jacob B. Bakema was a Dutch architect who, in association with J.H. van den Broek, was particularly active in the......
Jerónimo de Balbás was a Spanish architect and sculptor who helped create Mexican Baroque architecture with his......
baldachin, in architecture, the canopy over an altar or tomb, supported on columns, especially when freestanding......
Balmoral Castle, private residence of the British sovereign, on the right bank of the River Dee, Aberdeenshire,......
Shigeru Ban is a Japanese architect who employs elements of both Japanese and American design in his projects and......
Bank of China Tower, triangular glass skyscraper in Hong Kong, completed in 1989. It houses the Hong Kong headquarters......
baptistery, hall or chapel situated close to, or connected with, a church, in which the sacrament of baptism is......
Baroque architecture, architectural style originating in late 16th-century Italy and lasting in some regions, notably......
barracks, military housing facility, usually spoken of, or written of, in the plural. Though permanent buildings......
Luis Barragán was a Mexican engineer and architect whose serene and evocative houses, gardens, plazas, and fountains......
Sir Charles Barry was one of the architects of the Gothic Revival in England and chief architect of the British......
basilica, in the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches, a canonical title of honour given to church buildings......
bastion, element of fortification that remained dominant for about 300 years before becoming obsolete in the 19th......
battlement, the parapet of a wall consisting of alternating low portions known as crenels, or crenelles (hence......
Bauhaus, school of design, architecture, and applied arts that existed in Germany from 1919 to 1933. It was based......
Herbert Bayer was an Austrian-American graphic artist, painter, and architect, influential in spreading European......
beehive house, primitive type of residence designed by enlarging a simple stone hemisphere, constructed out of......
Peter Behrens was an architect noted for his influential role in the development of modern architecture in Germany.......
Beijing National Stadium, stadium in Beijing that was designed by architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron and architect......
belfry, bell tower, either attached to a structure or freestanding. More specifically, it is the section of such......
Pietro Belluschi was a Modernist architect identified first with regional architecture of the American Northwest,......
Giovanni Battista Belzoni was an excavator of Egyptian archaeological sites. Originally planning to join a religious......
bema, (Greek bēma, “step”), raised platform; in antiquity it was probably made of stone, but in modern times it......
Benedetto da Maiano was an early Renaissance sculptor, whose work is characterized by its decorative elegance and......
Beni Hasan, Egyptian archaeological site from the Middle Kingdom (1938–c. 1630 bce), lying on the eastern bank......
Asher Benjamin was an American architect who was an early follower of Charles Bulfinch. His greatest influence......
Max Berg was an architect of the German Expressionist school noted for the huge reinforced concrete dome of his......
Hendrik Petrus Berlage was a Dutch architect whose work, characterized by a use of materials based on their fundamental......
Berlin Olympic Stadium, stadium built for the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, part of a sport complex originally......
Gian Lorenzo Bernini was an Italian artist who was perhaps the greatest sculptor of the 17th century and an outstanding......
Alonso Berruguete was the most important Spanish sculptor of the Renaissance, known for his intensely emotional......
Louise Blanchard Bethune was the first professional woman architect in the United States. Louise Blanchard took......
John Betjeman was a British poet known for his nostalgia for the near past, his exact sense of place, and his precise......
Galli da Bibiena family, family of Italian scenic artists of the 17th and 18th centuries. The family took its name......