Civil Engineering, MAN-NOR
Civil engineering, the profession of designing and executing structural works that serve the general public. The term was first used in the 18th century to distinguish the newly recognized profession from military engineering, until then preeminent.
Civil Engineering Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Mall of America, shopping and entertainment complex in Bloomington, Minnesota, U.S., that opened in 1992 and that......
Robert Mallet was an Irish geophysicist, civil engineer, and scientific investigator who is sometimes called the......
Savva Mamontov was a Russian railroad entrepreneur, philanthropist, and founder and creative director of the Moscow......
Sir Henry Christopher Mance was a British scientist and engineer who invented the heliograph, a signaling device......
Manchester Ship Canal, waterway opened in 1894 linking Eastham, Merseyside, Eng., to the city of Manchester. The......
Mangla Dam, embankment dam on the Jhelum River near Jhelum, Pakistan. Mangla Dam, completed in 1967, is one of......
Manhattan Bridge, suspension bridge over the East River connecting southeastern Manhattan with western Brooklyn......
manor house, during the European Middle Ages, the dwelling of the lord of the manor or his residential bailiff......
mansard roof, type of roof having two slopes on every side, the lower slope being considerably steeper than the......
Jules Hardouin-Mansart was a French architect and city planner to King Louis XIV who completed the design of Versailles.......
Mansion House, official residence of the lord mayor of the City of London. It stands in the City’s central financial......
mantel, hood or other similar projection, usually ornamented, that surrounds the opening of a fireplace and directs......
Marina City, mid-century modern multibuilding development located at 300–350 North State Street and 315–339 North......
marshaling yard, fan-shaped network of tracks and switches where railroad cars are sorted and made up into trains......
Martello tower, a defensive work whose name is a corruption of that of Cape Mortella in Corsica, where a circular......
Pierre-Émile Martin was a French engineer who invented the Siemens–Martin (open-hearth) process, which produced......
mashriq al-adhkār, temple or house of worship in the Bahāʾī faith. The mashriq is characterized by a nine-sided......
masonry, the art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay, brick, or concrete block. Construction of......
mass transit, the movement of people within urban areas using group travel technologies such as buses and trains.......
mastaba, rectangular superstructure of ancient Egyptian tombs, built of mud brick or, later, stone, with sloping......
materials recovery facility (MRF), solid-waste management plant that processes recyclable materials to sell to......
Henry Maudslay was a British engineer and inventor of the metal lathe and other devices. The son of a workman at......
mausoleum, large, sepulchral monument, typically made of stone, that is used to inter and enshrine the remains......
Wilhelm Maybach was a German engineer and industrialist who was the chief designer of the first Mercedes automobiles......
Bernard Maybeck was an American architect whose work in California (from 1889) exhibits the versatility attainable......
John Loudon McAdam was a Scottish inventor of the macadam road surface. In 1770 he went to New York City, entering......
Elijah McCoy was a Canadian-American inventor of a device to lubricate steam engines. McCoy’s inventions were considered......
Charles Follen McKim was an American architect who was of primary importance in the American Neoclassical revival.......
mechanical engineering, the branch of engineering concerned with the design, manufacture, installation, and operation......
mechanical system, Any building service using machines. They include plumbing, elevators, escalators, and heating......
megalith, huge, often undressed stone used in various types of Neolithic (New Stone Age) and Early Bronze Age monuments.......
megaron, in ancient Greece and the Middle East, architectural form consisting of an open porch, a vestibule, and......
Montgomery C. Meigs was a U.S. engineer and architect, who, as quartermaster general of the Union Army during the......
membrane structure, Structure with a thin, flexible surface (membrane) that carries loads primarily through tensile......
Menai Bridge, suspension bridge spanning the Menai Strait from Bangor, Wales, to the Isle of Anglesey, a distance......
Erich Mendelsohn was a German architect known initially for his Einstein Tower in Potsdam, a notable example of......
Menindee Lakes, series of reservoirs, part of the Darling River Conservation Scheme, western New South Wales, Australia,......
Merchandise Mart, landmark building in downtown Chicago, one of the largest commercial buildings in the world and......
mercury lamp, electric discharge lamp (q.v.) in which light is emitted by electrically excited atoms of vapourized...
Merritt Parkway, innovative and widely copied American automobile highway built between Greenwich and Stratford,......
MI6/SIS Building, headquarters building of Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) in London. It was designed......
Michelangelo was an Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence......
microgeneration, small-scale generation of heat and power designed to suit the needs of communities, businesses,......
microwave oven, appliance that cooks food by means of high-frequency electromagnetic waves called microwaves. A......
Thomas Midgley, Jr. was an American engineer and chemist who discovered the effectiveness of tetraethyl lead as......
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was a German-born American architect whose rectilinear forms, crafted in elegant simplicity,......
military bridge, temporary bridge that must usually be constructed in haste by military engineers, from available......
military engineering, the art and practice of designing and building military works and of building and maintaining......
Millennium Dome, massive construction project and tourist attraction in Greenwich, London, England. It was initiated......
Oskar von Miller was an electrical engineer who fostered the electric-power industry in Germany and founded the......
Missouri Pacific Railroad Company, former American railroad founded to build the first rail line west of the Mississippi......
Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell was the surveyor general of New South Wales who explored and surveyed widely in......
Mittelland Canal, German waterway begun in 1905 and completed in 1938. It extends from the Dortmund-Ems Canal east......
moat, a depression surrounding a castle, city wall, or other fortification, usually but not always filled with......
Modane train crash of 1917, train derailment in Modane, France, on Dec. 12, 1917, that killed more than 500 French......
Ralph Modjeski was a Polish-born American bridge designer and builder, outstanding for the number, variety, and......
module, in architecture, an arbitrary unit adopted to regulate the dimensions, proportions, or construction of......
David Halliday Moffat was an American capitalist and railway promoter after whom the Moffat Tunnel in Colorado......
monastery, local community or residence of a religious order, particularly an order of monks. See abbey;...
monorail, railway that runs on a single rail. This rail may be located either above or beneath the railway cars.......
Mont Blanc Tunnel, major Alpine automotive tunnel connecting France and Italy. It is 11.7 km (7.3 miles) long and......
Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, located in south-central Virginia, U.S., about 2 miles (3 km) southeast......
Pedro Montt was a Chilean president (1906–10), whose conservative government furthered railroad and manufacturing......
Gordon Moore was an American engineer and cofounder, with Robert Noyce, of Intel Corporation. Moore studied chemistry......
J.P. Morgan was an American financier and industrial organizer, one of the world’s foremost financial figures during......
mortar, in technology, material used in building construction to bond brick, stone, tile, or concrete blocks into......
mortuary temple, in ancient Egypt, place of worship of a deceased king and the depository for food and objects......
Moscow Canal, ship waterway linking Moscow to the Volga River at Ivankovo, north of Moscow. Built between 1932......
Robert Moses was a U.S. state and municipal official whose career in public works planning resulted in a virtual......
motel, originally a hotel designed for persons travelling by automobile, with convenient parking space provided.......
motor generator, an electric motor coupled to an electric generator to convert electric power from one from to......
moucharaby, in Islamic or Islamic-influenced architecture, an oriel, or projecting second-story window of latticework.......
Mount Cenis Tunnel, rail tunnel from Modane, France, to Bardonècchia, Italy, the first great Alpine tunnel to be......
movable bridge, any of several types of bridges that can move to accommodate the passage of boats and ships. Movable......
William Mulholland was a self-trained Irish-born American civil engineer who is best known for having created an......
mullion, in architecture, a slender vertical division between adjacent lights or subdivisions in a window or between......
William Murdock was a Scottish inventor, the first to make extensive use of coal gas for illumination and a pioneer......
Matthew Murray was an English engineer. With little formal education, Murray went to work for a flax spinner in......
Sir Hugh Myddelton, 1st Baronet was a member of the English Parliament (1603–28) and contractor of the New River......
Ludwig Mylius-Erichsen was a Danish journalist and explorer who led two productive expeditions to Greenland. The......
Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier was a British field marshal who had a distinguished military and civil engineering......
narthex, long, narrow, enclosed porch, usually colonnaded or arcaded, crossing the entire width of a church at......
Lake Nasser, reservoir on the Nile River, in Upper Egypt and northern Sudan. It was created by the impounding of......
Natchez Trace Parkway, scenic and historic roadway, extending 444 miles (715 km) through Mississippi, Alabama,......
national monument, in the United States, any of numerous areas reserved by act of Congress or presidential proclamation......
National Road, first federal highway in the United States and for several years the main route to what was then......
naumachia, in ancient Rome, a mimic sea battle and the specially constructed basin in which such a battle sometimes......
naval architecture, the art and science of designing boats and ships to perform the missions and to meet the requirements......
- Introduction
- Weight, Buoyancy, Stability
- Metacentric Stability, Buoyancy, Stability
- Design, Hull, Shipbuilding
- Resistance, Propulsion, Design
- Separation, Resistance, Hydrodynamics
- Propulsion, Hydrodynamics, Design
- Cavitation, Hydrodynamics, Design
- Maneuverability, Design, Performance
- Rudders, Planes, Control
- Ship Design, Waves, Stability
- Ship Design, Proportions, Shape
- Buoyancy, Weight, Ship
- Ship Strength, Design, Stability
- Materials, Design, Construction
- Safety Laws, Regulations
- Design, Construction, Stability
nave, central and principal part of a Christian church, extending from the entrance (the narthex) to the transepts......
necrobotics, use of dead organisms as robots to perform tasks. Spiders are repurposed for necrobotics because of......
Pier Luigi Nervi was an Italian engineer and architect, internationally renowned for his technical ingenuity and......
Walter Netsch was an American architect whose geometrically complex buildings, designed according to his own “field......
New York Central Railroad Company, one of the major American railroads that connected the East Coast with the interior.......
New York State Canal System, system of state-owned, state-operated waterways, 524 miles (843 km) in length, linking......
New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Company, American railroad that began operations between Buffalo, N.Y.,......
New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, American railroad operating in southern New England and New......
Thomas Newcomen was a British engineer and inventor of the atmospheric steam engine, a precursor of James Watt’s......
newel, upright post rising at the foot of a stairway, at its landings, or at its top. These posts usually serve......
Nhue Giang River, irrigation canal in northern Vietnam. The Nhue Giang River flows north-south for about 113 km......
niche, in architecture, decorative recess set into a wall for the purpose of displaying a statue, vase, font, or......
