The Olympics came to Canada for a third time in 2010, as Vancouver was the site of the XXI Olympic Winter Games (Montreal had hosted the Summer Games in 1976 and Calgary the Winter Games in 1988). While the buildup to the Vancouver Games lacked the political tumult of the then-recent Salt Lake City and Beijing Games, there was nevertheless an issue that made the event’s organizers and athletes uneasy during the months leading up to the Games: the weather. In the month before the Games began, Vancouver experienced its warmest January since 1937, when record keeping began, and snow cover on some of the skiing and snowboarding courses was far below the Olympic standard. Some events were rescheduled, and snow was brought in to fill the affected courses. Ultimately, the weather fears proved to be mostly unwarranted. It was another Olympic site, however, that became the focus of heavy criticism after an overly fast sliding track led to the death of Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili when he was thrown from the track during a training run hours before the opening ceremonies.

Over 2,500 athletes from a record (for the Winter Games) 82 NOCs attended the Vancouver Olympics. Canada led all countries with 14 gold medals, the highest gold tally in Winter Games history, while the United States set another record with 37 total medals. Only one new event, ski cross, a freestyle skiing event derived from snowboarding, made its debut at the Vancouver Games.

The individual who captured the most medals at the Vancouver Games was Norway’s Marit Bjørgen, who won five medals in cross-country skiing events, including three golds. The Alpine events were dominated by skiers from the United States, who won eight total medals, including golds for Lindsey Vonn (downhill) and Bode Miller (super combined). Miller (with an additional silver in the super-G and a bronze in the downhill) and Norway’s Aksel Lund Svindal (with gold in the super-G, silver in the downhill, and bronze in the giant slalom) captured the most Alpine medals. Simon Ammann of Switzerland won both the individual normal hill and the individual large hill ski jumping gold medals, becoming the first man to sweep the events in two Olympics (he first did so at the 2002 Salt Lake City Games). Snowboarder Shaun White of the U.S. captured his second consecutive men’s halfpipe gold, while Australia’s Torah Bright won the women’s halfpipe.

In figure skating, American Evan Lysacek won the men’s singles event, and South Korea’s Kim Yu-Na took the women’s singles gold medal in a competition that featured one of the Games’ most memorable moments when Joannie Rochette of Canada skated in the short program just two days after the sudden death of her mother. Her emotional performance helped vault Rochette to a bronze medal in the event. China’s Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo took first place in pairs to give the country its first gold in figure skating. Canadians Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir surprisingly triumphed in the ice dancing event, becoming not only the first non-Europeans to win the Olympic ice dancing gold but also the youngest winners in the event’s Olympic history. In short-track speed skating, Wang Meng of China won three golds (women’s 500 meters, 1,000 meters, and 3,000-meter relay) and Apolo Anton Ohno’s three medals (silver in the men’s 1,500 meters, bronze in the 1,000 meters, and bronze in the 5,000-meter relay) gave him an American record of eight career Winter Olympic medals.

German bobsledders André Lange and Kevin Kuske won the two-man race to capture their fourth career gold medals, the most for anyone in that sport’s Olympic history. Another lifetime medal mark was set when biathlete Ole Einar Bjørndalen of Norway won two medals (silver in the 20-km individual and gold in the 4 × 7.5-km team relay) in Vancouver, bringing his all-time medal total to 11, the most ever for a biathlete. Canada’s record-setting 14th gold at the Vancouver Games came in dramatic fashion on the final day of competition as the country’s beloved men’s hockey team defeated the U.S. in the gold medal game, with National Hockey League superstar Sidney Crosby scoring the winning goal in sudden death overtime.

For expanded coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics, see Vancouver 2010 Olympic Games.

Sochi, Russia, 2014

The Sochi Games marked the first time that the Winter Olympics were held in Russia. The country had previously been home to the Olympics when Moscow hosted the 1980 Summer Games. Sochi was awash in controversy in the months leading up to the Games, as the choice of a city with a temperate climate as a Winter Games site led to concerns about whether there would be adequate snow cover. Moreover, the construction of venues and other buildings ran far behind schedule, and preparations were plagued by allegations of mismanagement and corruption. Russia reportedly spent $51 billion on the Games, a total that surpassed any paid by a previous host country. In addition, there were numerous security threats in the buildup to the Games, as well as political unrest in nearby Ukraine, and the June 2013 passage of an anti-homosexuality bill in the Russian parliament raised the possibility of protests derailing the Olympics. A mechanical failure during the opening ceremonies prevented one of the rings in a light display of the Olympic logo from deploying, which was seen as foreboding by many media members, but the Sochi Olympics nevertheless progressed as smoothly as any other contemporary Winter Games.

The Sochi Olympics featured approximately 2,800 athletes from 88 National Olympic Committees (NOCs), which was a record for the most participating NOCs in the Winter Olympics. The athletes participated in the most events in Winter Games history—98, which included 12 new events, notably women’s ski jumping and slopestyle (a combination of downhill racing and the tricks of freestyle) disciplines of skiing and snowboarding for both men and women.

The most-dominant showing by a single country in one sport at any Winter Games took place in speed skating at Sochi as the Dutch team shattered the Olympic record by winning 23 of the 36 medals that were awarded in the sport. (The previous record holder was the Austrian Alpine skiing team that won 14 medals at the Turin 2006 Winter Olympic Games.) The most-decorated athlete of the 2014 Olympics was Dutch speed skater Ireen Wüst, who tallied five total medals (two golds and three silvers). Her countryman Sven Kramer added to his career Olympic medal count by taking two golds (both in Olympic record time) and one silver. In short-track speed skating, Russia’s Viktor Ahn (who previously competed in the Olympics for South Korea under his given name, Ahn Hyun-Soo) won three gold medals to increase his lifetime Olympic tally to six and establish himself as arguably the greatest short-track speed skater of all time.

Russia finished the Games with the most gold medals (13) and the most overall medals (33). Its most-controversial win came in women’s figure skating, where unheralded Russian Adelina Sotnikova upset defending Olympic champion Kim Yu-Na of South Korea, despite the latter’s having skated what many observers thought was a winning program. The Alpine skiing events featured two notable finishes by Americans of disparate ages as Bode Miller became—at age 36—the oldest Alpine medalist ever when he took the bronze in the supergiant slalom while Mikaela Shiffrin’s victory in the slalom made the 18-year-old the youngest Olympic slalom champion in history.

Norway and Sweden controlled the cross-country events, as the two countries each took 11 medals, with Marit Bjørgen of Norway winning three gold medals to bring her career Olympic gold total to six, the most all-time for a female Winter Olympian. The overall individual Winter medal record was also set at Sochi when Norwegian biathlete Ole Einar Bjørndalen captured gold medals in the 10-km sprint and mixed team relay events to bring his career Olympic total to 13 medals. Another biathlete, Darya Domracheva of Belarus, made headlines for winning the first Winter Olympic gold medals for a female athlete in her country’s history and also becoming the first female biathlete to win three golds in a single Olympiad.

The Canadian men’s and women’s ice hockey teams each captured a gold medal. The country also swept the curling events, with the women’s team becoming the first women’s curling squad to go undefeated through an Olympic competition.

The 2018 Winter Olympics were held in P’yŏngch’ang, South Korea, and the 2022 Winter Games were held in Beijing.