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Crewed spaceflights, 1990–99

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Crewed spaceflights during the 1990s are listed chronologically in the table.

Chronology of crewed spaceflights, 1990s
mission country crew dates notes
STS-32 (Columbia) U.S. Daniel Brandenstein Jan. 9–20, 1990 brought back Long Duration Exposure Facility launched in 1984
James Wetherbee
Bonnie Dunbar
Marsha Ivins
David Low
Soyuz TM-9/Mir U.S.S.R. Anatoly Solovyov Feb. 11–Aug. 9, 1990 addition of Kristall module to Mir
Aleksandr Balandin
STS-36 (Atlantis) U.S. John Creighton Feb. 28–March 4, 1990 launched classified satellite for U.S. Department of Defense that broke up and reentered atmosphere
John Casper
Mike Mullane
David Hilmers
Pierre Thuot
STS-31 (Discovery) U.S. Loren Shriver April 24–29, 1990 deployed Hubble Space Telescope
Charles Bolden
Steven Hawley
Kathryn Sullivan
Bruce McCandless
Soyuz TM-10/Mir U.S.S.R. Gennady Manakov Aug. 1–Dec. 10, 1990 crew performed space walk to fix damaged hatch on Kvant 2
Gennady Strekalov
STS-41 (Discovery) U.S. Richard Richards Oct. 6–10, 1990 launched Ulysses
Robert Cabana
Bruce Melnick
William Shepherd
Thomas Akers
STS-38 (Atlantis) U.S. Richard Covey Nov. 15–20, 1990 launched classified satellite for U.S. Department of Defense
Frank Culbertson
Carl Meade
Robert Springer
Charles Gemar
STS-35 (Columbia) U.S. Vance Brand Dec. 2–10, 1990 carried Astro-1 instrument containing four separate telescopes
Guy Gardner
Jeffrey Hoffman
John Lounge
Robert Parker
Ronald Parise
Samuel Durrance
Soyuz TM-11/Mir U.S.S.R. Viktor Afanasiyev Dec. 2, 1990–May 26, 1991 (Dec. 10, 1990 [Akiyama]) first Japanese citizen in space (Akiyama)
Musa Manarov
Akiyama Toyohiro
STS-37 (Atlantis) U.S. Steven Nagel April 5–11, 1991 deployed Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
Kenneth Cameron
Linda Godwin
Jerry Ross
Jerome Apt
STS-39 (Discovery) U.S. Michael Coats April 28–May 6, 1991 launched and recovered SPAS-2 satellite for observations of shuttle exterior
Lloyd Hammond
Gregory Harbaugh
Donald McMonagle
Guion Bluford
Charles Veach
Richard Hieb
Soyuz TM-12/Mir U.S.S.R. Anatoly Artsebarsky May 18–Oct. 10, 1991 (March 25, 1992 [Krikalyov]; May 26, 1991 [Sharman]) first British astronaut (Sharman)
Sergey Krikalyov
Helen Sharman
STS-40 (Columbia) U.S. Bryan O'Connor June 5–14, 1991 conducted life science experiments on humans, rats, and jellyfish
Sidney Gutierrez
James Bagian
Tamara Jernigan
Rhea Seddon
Francis Gaffney
Millie Hughes-Fulford
STS-43 (Atlantis) U.S. John Blaha Aug. 2–11, 1991 launched Tracking and Data Relay Satellite
Michael Baker
Shannon Lucid
George Low
James Adamson
STS-48 (Discovery) U.S. John Creighton Sept. 12–18, 1991 launched Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
Kenneth Reightler
Charles Gemar
James Buchli
Mark Brown
Soyuz TM-13/Mir U.S.S.R. Aleksandr Volkov Oct. 2, 1991–March 25, 1992 (Oct. 10, 1991 [Aubakirov, Viehböck]) first Austrian astronaut (Viehböck)
Toktar Aubakirov
Franz Viehböck
STS-44 (Atlantis) U.S. Frederick Gregory Nov. 24–Dec. 1, 1991 launched spy satellite
Terence Henricks
James Voss
Story Musgrave
Mario Runco
Thomas Hennen
STS-42 (Discovery) U.S. Ronald Grabe Jan. 22–30, 1992 first Canadian woman in space (Bondar)
Stephen Oswald
Norman Thagard
William Readdy
David Hilmers
Roberta Bondar
Ulf Merbold
Soyuz TM-14/Mir Russia Aleksandr Viktorenko March 17–Aug. 10, 1992 (March 25 [Flade]) first Russian spaceflight after breakup of the U.S.S.R.
Aleksandr Kalery
Klaus-Dietrich Flade
STS-45 (Atlantis) U.S. Charles Bolden March 24–April 2, 1992 first Belgian astronaut (Frimout)
Brian Duffy
Kathryn Sullivan
David Leetsma
Michael Foale
Dirk Frimout
Byron Lichtenberg
STS-49 (Endeavour) U.S. Daniel Brandenstein May 7–16, 1992 rescued Intelsat 6 satellite; first time three astronauts walked in space simultaneously (Akers, Thuot, and Hieb)
Kevin Chilton
Richard Hieb
Bruce Melnick
Pierre Thuot
Kathryn Thornton
Thomas Akers
STS-50 (Columbia) U.S. Richard Richards June 25–July 9, 1992 carried U.S. Microgravity Laboratory-1
Kenneth Bowersox
Bonnie Dunbar
Ellen Baker
Carl Meade
Lawrence DeLucas
Eugene Trinh
Soyuz TM-15/Mir Russia Anatoly Solovyov July 27, 1992–Feb. 1, 1993 (Aug. 10, 1992 [Tognini]) crew performed space walks to extend lifetime of Mir
Sergey Avdeyev
Michel Tognini
STS-46 (Atlantis) U.S. Loren Shriver July 31–Aug. 8, 1992 first Swiss astronaut (Nicollier); first Italian astronaut (Malerba)
Andrew Allen
Claude Nicollier
Marsha Ivins
Jeffrey Hoffman
Franklin Chang-Díaz
Franco Malerba
STS-47 (Endeavour) U.S. Robert Gibson Sept. 12–20, 1992 first African American woman in space (Jemison); first Japanese astronaut in space (Mohri)
Curtis Brown
Mark Lee
N. Jan Davis
Jay Apt
Mae Jemison
Mohri Mamoru
STS-52 (Columbia) U.S. James Wetherbee Oct. 22–Nov. 1, 1992 launched second Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS II)
Michael Baker
Charles Veach
William Shepherd
Tamara Jernigan
Steven MacLean
STS-53 (Discovery) U.S. David Walker Dec. 2–9, 1992 deployed large spy satellite
Robert Cabana
Guion Bluford
Michael Clifford
James Voss
STS-54 (Endeavour) U.S. John Casper Jan. 13–19, 1993 deployed the sixth Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS 6)
Donald McMonagle
Mario Runco
Gregory Harbaugh
Susan Helms
Soyuz TM-16/Mir Russia Gennady Manakov Jan. 24–July 22, 1993 placed docking target on Mir for use by space shuttle Atlantis
Aleksandr Poleshchuk
STS-56 (Discovery) U.S. Kenneth Cameron April 8–17, 1993 carried the second Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-2) to monitor yearly changes in Earth's middle atmosphere; first Hispanic American woman in space (Ochoa)
Stephen Oswald
Michael Foale
Kenneth Cockerell
Ellen Ochoa
STS-55 (Columbia) U.S. Steven Nagel April 26–May 6, 1993 carried Spacelab D-2
Terence Henricks
Jerry Ross
Charles Precourt
Bernard Harris
Ulrich Walter
Hans Schlegel
STS-57 (Endeavour) U.S. Ronald Grabe June 21–July 1, 1993 carried Spacehab laboratory
Brian Duffy
George Low
Nancy Sherlock
Peter Wisoff
Janice Voss
Soyuz TM-17/Mir Russia Vasily Tsibliyev July 1, 1993–Jan. 14, 1994 (July 22, 1993 [Haigneré]) slight collision with Mir
Aleksandr Serebrov
Jean-Pierre Haigneré
STS-51 (Discovery) U.S. Frank Culbertson Sept. 12–22, 1993 deployed two satellites
William Readdy
James Newman
Daniel Bursch
Carl Walz
STS-58 (Columbia) U.S. John Blaha Oct. 18–Nov. 1, 1993 crew performed life science experiments; first veterinarian in space (Fettman)
Richard Searfoss
Rhea Seddon
William McArthur
David Wolf
Shannon Lucid
Martin Fettman
STS-61 (Endeavour) U.S. Richard Covey Dec. 2–13, 1993 repaired Hubble Space Telescope
Kenneth Bowersox
Kathryn Thornton
Claude Nicollier
Jeffrey Hoffman
Story Musgrave
Thomas Akers
Soyuz TM-18/Mir Russia Viktor Afanasiyev Jan. 8–July 9, 1994 (March 22, 1995 [Polyakov]) new space endurance record (Polyakov; 437 days 18 hours)
Yury Usachyov
Valery Polyakov
STS-60 (Discovery) U.S. Charles Bolden Feb. 3–11, 1994 carried Wake Shield Facility and Spacehab-2; first Russian on U.S. spacecraft (Krikalyov)
Kenneth Reightler
N. Jan Davis
Ronald Sega
Franklin Chang-Díaz
Sergey Krikalyov
STS-62 (Columbia) U.S. John Casper March 4–18, 1994 crew performed material science experiments
Andrew Allen
Pierre Thuot
Charles Gernar
Marsha Ivins
STS-59 (Endeavour) U.S. Sidney Gutierrez April 9–20, 1994 carried Space Radar Laboratory, a special mapping radar
Kevin Chilton
Jerome Apt
Michael Clifford
Linda Godwin
Thomas Jones
Soyuz TM-19/Mir Russia Yury Malenchenko July 1–Nov. 4, 1994 Malenchenko performed first manual docking of Progress resupply ship
Talgat Musabayev
STS-65 (Columbia) U.S. Robert Cabana July 8–23, 1994 first Japanese woman in space (Mukai)
James Halsell
Richard Hieb
Carl Walz
Leroy Chiao
Thomas Akers
Mukai Chiaki
STS-64 (Discovery) U.S. Richard Richards Sept. 9–20, 1994 probed Earth's atmosphere with a laser
Lloyd Hammond
Jerry Linenger
Susan Helms
Carl Meade
Mark Lee
STS-68 (Endeavour) U.S. Michael Baker Sept. 30–Oct. 11, 1994 second mission of Space Radar Laboratory
Terrence Wilcutt
Steven Smith
Daniel Bursch
Peter Wisoff
Thomas Jones
Soyuz TM-20/Mir Russia Aleksandr Viktorenko Oct. 4, 1994–March 22, 1995 (Nov. 4, 1994 [Merbold]) first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight (Kondakova)
Yelena Kondakova
Ulf Merbold
STS-66 (Atlantis) U.S. Donald McMonagle Nov. 3–14, 1994 carried third ATLAS laboratory
Curtis Brown
Ellen Ochoa
Joseph Tanner
Jean-François Clervoy
Scott Parazynski
STS-63 (Discovery) U.S. James Wetherbee Feb. 3–11, 1995 demonstrated shuttle orbiter's ability to approach and maneuver around Mir
Eileen Collins
Bernard Harris
Michael Foale
Janice Voss
Vladimir Titov
STS-67 (Endeavour) U.S. Steven Oswald March 2–18, 1995 carried three telescopes that observed sky in ultraviolet light
William Gregory
John Grunsfeld
Wendy Lawrence
Tamara Jernigan
Samuel Durrance
Ronald Parise
Soyuz TM-21/Mir Russia Vladimir Dezhurov March 14–July 7, 1995 first American to fly on Russian spacecraft (Thagard); addition of Spektr module to Mir
Gennady Strekalov
Norman Thagard
STS-71 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Robert Gibson June 27–July 7, 1995 (Sept. 11 [Solovyov, Budarin]) first space shuttle visit to Mir
Charles Precourt
Ellen Baker
Gregory Harbaugh
Bonnie Dunbar
Anatoly Solovyov
Nikolay Budarin
STS-70 (Discovery) U.S. Terence Henricks July 13–22, 1995 launched final TDRS satellite
Kevin Kregel
Donald Thomas
Nancy Currie
Mary Weber
Soyuz TM-22/Mir Russia Yury Gidzenko Sept. 3, 1995–Feb. 29, 1996 first German to walk in space (Reiter)
Sergey Avdeyev
Thomas Reiter
STS-69 (Endeavour) U.S. David Walker Sept. 7–18, 1995 operated Wake Shield Facility satellite
Kenneth Cockrell
James Voss
James Newman
Michael Gernhardt
STS-73 (Columbia) U.S. Kenneth Bowersox Oct. 20–Nov. 5, 1995 carried Microgravity Laboratory-2 to study material growth in space
Kent Rominger
Catherine Coleman
Michael Lopez-Alegria
Kathryn Thornton
Fred Leslie
Albert Sacco
STS-74 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Kenneth Cameron Nov. 12–20, 1995 attached docking module to Mir
James Halsell
Chris Hadfield
Jerry Ross
William McArthur
STS-72 (Endeavour) U.S. Brian Duffy Jan. 11–20, 1996 practiced space walks for International Space Station
Brent Jett
Leroy Chiao
Winston Scott
Wakata Koichi
Daniel Barry
Soyuz TM-23/Mir Russia Yuri Onufriyenko Feb. 21–Sept. 2, 1996 addition of Priroda module to Mir
Yury Usachyov
STS-75 (Columbia) U.S. Andrew Allen Feb. 22–March 9, 1996 deployed Tethered Satellite System
Scott Horowitz
Jeffrey Hoffman
Maurizio Cheli
Claude Nicollier
Franklin Chang-Díaz
Umberto Guidoni
STS-76 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Kevin Chilton March 22–31, 1996 (Sept. 26 [Lucid]) delivered supplies to Mir
Richard Searfoss
Ronald Sega
Michael Clifford
Linda Godwin
Shannon Lucid
STS-77 (Endeavour) U.S. John Casper May 19–29, 1996 deployed Inflatable Antenna Experiment
Curtis Brown
Andrew Thomas
Daniel Bursch
Mario Runco
Marc Garneau
STS-78 (Columbia) U.S. Terence Henricks June 20–July 7, 1996 conducted Life and Microgravity Spacelab to study biological effects of space travel
Kevin Kregel
Richard Linnehan
Susan Helms
Charles Brady
Jean-Jacques Favier
Robert Thirsk
Soyuz TM-24/Mir Russia Valery Korzun Aug. 17, 1996–March 2, 1997 (Sept. 2, 1996 [André-Deshays]) first French woman in space (André-Deshays)
Aleksandr Kaleri
Claudie André-Deshays
STS-79 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. William Readdy Sept. 16–26, 1996 (Jan. 22, 1997 [Blaha]) conducted experiments in Spacelab Double Module
Terrence Wilcutt
Jerome Apt
Thomas Akers
Carl Walz
John Blaha
STS-80 (Columbia) U.S. Kenneth Cockrell Nov. 19–Dec. 7, 1996 deployed and retrieved ORFEUS-SPAS II astrophysics satellite and Wake Shield Facility
Kent Rominger
Tamara Jernigan
Thomas Jones
Story Musgrave
STS-81 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Michael Baker Jan. 12–22, 1997 (May 24 [Linenger]) returned with first plants to complete a full life cycle in space
Brent Jett
Peter Wisoff
John Grunsfeld
Marsha Ivins
Jerry Linenger
Soyuz TM-25/Mir Russia Vasily Tsibliyev Feb. 10–Aug. 14, 1997 (March 2 [Ewald]) fire seriously damaged Mir's oxygen generation system (Feb. 23); collision with Progress punctured Spektr module (June 25)
Aleksandr Lazutkin
Reinhold Ewald
STS-82 (Discovery) U.S. Kenneth Bowersox Feb. 11–21, 1997 Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission
Scott Horowitz
Joseph Tanner
Steven Hawley
Gregory Harbaugh
Mark Lee
Steven Smith
STS-83 (Columbia) U.S. James Halsell April 4–8, 1997 carried Microgravity Science Laboratory-1; faulty fuel cell cut mission short
Susan Still
Janice Voss
Michael Gernhardt
Donald Thomas
Roger Crouch
Gregory Linteris
STS-84 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. Charles Precourt May 15–24, 1997 (Oct. 6 [Foale]) carried Biorack research facility, which conducted microgravity experiments
Eileen Collins
Jean-François Clervoy
Carlos Noriega
Edward Lu
Yelena Kondakova
Michael Foale
STS-94 (Columbia) U.S. James Halsell July 1–17, 1997 reflight of STS-83
Susan Still
Janice Voss
Michael Gernhardt
Donald Thomas
Roger Crouch
Gregory Linteris
Soyuz TM-26/Mir Russia Anatoly Solovyov Aug. 5, 1997–Feb. 19, 1998 Mir's oxygen-generation system repaired
Pavel Vinogradov
STS-85 (Discovery) U.S. Curtis Brown Aug. 7–19, 1997 deployed spectrometers and telescopes in space for observations of Earth's atmosphere
Kent Rominger
N. Jan Davis
Robert Curbeam
Stephen Robinson
Bjarni Tryggvason
STS-86 (Atlantis)/Mir U.S. James Wetherbee Sept. 25–Oct. 6, 1997 (Jan. 31, 1998 [Wolf]) carried Spacehab module, which included replacement computer for Mir
Michael Bloomfield
Vladimir Titov
Scott Parazynski
Jean-Loup Chrétien
Wendy Lawrence
David Wolf
STS-87 (Columbia) U.S. Kevin Kregel Nov. 19–Dec. 5, 1997 carried the fourth U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP-4) and Spartan 201, a deployable pair of solar instruments; first Ukrainian astronaut (Kadenyuk)
Steven Lindsey
Kalpana Chawla
Winston Scott
Doi Takao
Leonid Kadenyuk
STS-89 (Endeavour)/Mir U.S. Terrence Wilcutt Jan. 22–31, 1998 (June 12 [Thomas]) carried out experiments in protein crystal growth
Joe Edwards
James Reilly
Michael Anderson
Bonnie Dunbar
Salizhan Sharipov
Andrew Thomas
Soyuz TM-27/Mir Russia Talgat Musabayev Jan. 29–Aug. 25, 1998 (Feb. 19 [Eyharts]) unsuccessful attempt to repair Spektr solar panel
Nikolay Budarin
Léopold Eyharts
STS-90 (Columbia) U.S. Richard Searfoss April 17–May 3, 1998 final Spacelab mission, called Neurolab
Scott Altman
Richard Linnehan
Kathryn Hire
Daffyd Williams
Jay Buckey
James Pawelczyk
STS-91 (Discovery)/Mir U.S. Charles Precourt June 2–12, 1998 final space shuttle mission to Mir
Dominic Gorie
Franklin Chang-Díaz
Wendy Lawrence
Janet Kavandi
Valery Ryumin
Soyuz TM-28/Mir Russia Gennady Padalka Aug. 13, 1998–Feb. 28, 1999 (Aug. 28, 1999 [Avdeyev]; Aug. 25, 1998 [Baturin]) first Russian politician in space (Baturin)
Sergey Avdeyev
Yury Baturin
STS-95 (Discovery) U.S. Curt Brown Oct. 28–Nov. 7, 1998 carried Spacehab module; oldest person in space (Glenn); first Spanish astronaut (Duque)
Steven Lindsey
Scott Parazynski
Pedro Duque
Stephen Robinson
Mukai Chiaki
John Glenn
STS-88 (Endeavour)/International Space Station (ISS) U.S. Robert Cabana Dec. 4–15, 1998 linked first two modules of ISS (Zarya [Russia] and Unity [U.S.])
Frederick Sturckow
Jerry Ross
Nancy Currie
James Newman
Sergey Krikalyov
Soyuz TM-29/Mir Russia Viktor Afanasiyev Feb. 20–Aug. 28, 1999 (Feb. 28 [Bella]) first Slovak astronaut (Bella)
Jean-Pierre Haigneré
Ivan Bella
STS-96 (Discovery)/ISS U.S. Kent Rominger May 27–June 6, 1999 carried supplies to ISS
Rick Husband
Tamara Jernigan
Ellen Ochoa
Daniel Barry
Julie Payette
Valery Tokarev
STS-93 (Columbia) U.S. Eileen Collins July 23–27, 1999 launched Chandra X-ray Observatory
Jeffrey Ashby
Catherine Coleman
Steven Hawley
Michel Tognini
STS-103 (Discovery) U.S. Curtis Brown Dec. 19–27, 1999 Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission
Scott Kelly
Steven Smith
Jean-François Clervoy
John Grunsfeld
Michael Foale
Claude Nicollier