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printing
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of printing
Origins in China
Invention of movable type (11th century)
Transmission of paper to Europe (12th century)
The invention of printing
Xylography
Metallographic printing (1430?)
The invention of typography—Gutenberg (1450?)
The Gutenberg press
Improvements after Gutenberg
The metal press (1795)
Stereotypy and stereography (late 18th century)
Koenig’s mechanical press (early 19th century)
Attempts to mechanize composition (mid-19th century)
Typecasting compositors (1880s)
19th-century innovations
Reproduction of illustrations
Lithography: Senefelder (1796)
Photosensitivity: Niepce (1820s)
Gravure and rotogravure (1890s)
The 20th century
Discovery of offset (early 20th century)
Dry offset (1920)
color printing
Automation of composition (after 1929)
Programmed composition (1950s)
Photocomposition
First generation of phototypesetters: mechanical
Second generation of phototypesetters: functional
Third generation of phototypesetters: electronic
Toward direct impression
Serigraphy and collotype: a renaissance
Three-dimensional printing (1960s)
Office printing
Modern printing techniques
Composition and typesetting
Mechanical composition and typesetting
Letterpress composition by hand
Semimechanized composition
Mechanical composition: slugcasting typesetters
Typesetter casting aligned characters
Automatic composition (perforated tape)
Programmed composition (prepared by computer)
Cold type
Phototypesetting
Manual phototypesetters
Automatic phototypesetting
Functional phototypesetters
Electronic phototypesetters
Makeup of letterpress copy
Mounting composition on film
Conversion systems
Printing (press operation)
Color printing
Letterpress printing
Platen presses
Cylinder presses
Rotary presses
Preparing stereotypes and plates
Scope of letterpress
Rotogravure
Preparing rotogravure cylinders
Scope of rotogravure
Offset
Offset plate making
Scope of offset
Other printing processes
Letterset
Serigraphy (screen printing)
Collotype
Flexography
Electrostatic printing
Printing inks
References & Edit History
Related Topics
Images & Videos
For Students
printing summary
Related Questions
What did Johannes Gutenberg do to change the world?
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Contents
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printing: Media
publishing
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Videos
How Gutenberg's printing press revolutionized literacy
A history of the printing press, including a discussion of Johannes Gutenberg's work.
Video: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
See a working model of an early hand printing press
A demonstration of printing on the type of press that was used in the 16th and 17th...
Video: Courtesy of Folger Shakespeare Library; CC-BY-SA 4.0 (
A Britannica Publishing Partner
)
Images
A modern printing press that uses UV technology
The modern press applies UV light to freshly applied ink, leading to instant drying...
© Moreno Soppelsa/Fotolia
Friedrich Koenig's mechanical platen press
Friedrich Koenig's mechanical platen press, 1811.
Courtesy of Koenig and Bauer AG
stop-cylinder printing machine
The first stop-cylinder printing machine, 1811, built by Friedrich Koenig and Andreas...
Courtesy of Koenig and Bauer AG
Linotype
A composed line, with matrices and spacebands, in a Linotype machine.
From
Linotype Machine Principles
, published by Mergenthaler Linotype Company, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1940
Johannes Gutenberg
Artist's visualization of Johannes Gutenberg in his workshop, showing his first proof...
Heritage Images—Hulton Archive/Getty Images
book printing
Impressio Librorum
(
Book Printing
), plate 4 from the
Nova Reperta
...
Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum; photograph, J.R. Freeman & Co. Ltd.
VIEW MORE
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