Life Cycle, Processes & Properties, FEV-GRO
None of us are born looking exactly the way that we do today; this is because humans, like other species, undergo a series of changes as they mature and age, in accordance with their biological life cycle. This process can look very different across different species. In many simple organisms and in higher animals, the life cycle is completed within a single generation, while in most plants, the life cycle is multigenerational.
Life Cycle, Processes & Properties Encyclopedia Articles By Title
fever, abnormally high body temperature. Fever is a characteristic of many different diseases. For example, although......
dietary fibre, Food material not digestible by the human small intestine and only partially digestible by the large......
fibrocystic disease of the breast, noncancerous cysts (harmless swellings caused by fluid trapped in breast tissues)......
fibroma, any benign tumour of fibrous tissue. Specific fibromas include nonossifying fibroma, found in the large......
fibromyalgia, chronic syndrome that is characterized by musculoskeletal pain, often at multiple anatomical sites,......
fibrosarcoma, rare malignant tumour of fibrous tissue most commonly found in middle-age adults and primarily occurring......
fibrous dysplasia, rare congenital developmental disorder beginning in childhood and characterized by replacement......
filariasis, a group of infectious disorders caused by threadlike nematodes of the superfamily Filarioidea that......
filter feeding, in zoology, a form of food procurement in which food particles or small organisms are randomly......
fire blight, plant disease, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, that can give infected plants a scorched......
fish poisoning, illness in humans resulting from the eating of varieties of poisonous fishes. Ciguatera poisoning......
fistula, abnormal duct or passageway between organs. Fistulas can form between various parts of the body, including......
flatfoot, congenital or acquired flatness of the longitudinal arch of the foot. Usually associated with loss of......
flatulence, the presence of excessive amounts of gas in the stomach or intestine, which sometimes results in the......
flavin, any of a group of pale-yellow, greenly fluorescent biological pigments (biochromes) widely distributed......
flavonoid, any of a class of nonnitrogenous biological pigments extensively represented in plants. Flavonoids are......
flavor, attribute of a substance that is produced by the senses of smell, taste, and touch and is perceived within......
flaxseed, edible seeds harvested from flax (Linum usitatissimum) plants, used as a health food and as a source......
flight, in animals, locomotion of either of two basic types—powered, or true, flight and gliding. Winged (true)......
fluoride deficiency, condition in which fluoride is insufficient or is not utilized properly. Fluoride is a mineral......
fluorosis, chronic intoxication with fluorine (usually combined with some other element to form a fluoride) that......
folic acid deficiency anemia, type of anemia resulting from a deficient intake of the vitamin folic acid (folate).......
food allergy, immunological response to a food. Although the true prevalence of food allergy is unclear, studies......
food poisoning, acute gastrointestinal illness resulting from the consumption of foods containing one or more representatives......
food pyramid, a visual representation (in the shape of a pyramid) of the optimal number of servings of food a person......
foodborne illness, any sickness that is caused by the consumption of foods or beverages that are contaminated with......
foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease affecting practically all cloven-footed domesticated......
Forbes’ disease, rare hereditary disease in which the the metabolic breakdown of glycogen to the simple sugar glucose......
fracture, in pathology, a break in a bone caused by stress. Certain normal and pathological conditions may predispose......
fracture–dislocation, a severe injury in which both fracture and dislocation take place simultaneously. Frequently,......
fragile-X syndrome, a chromosomal disorder associated with a fragile site on the end of the X chromosome. The major......
frailty, medical condition that occurs as a result of aging-associated declines in energy, strength, and function......
frigidity, in psychology, the inability of a woman to attain orgasm during sexual intercourse. In popular, nonmedical......
Karl von Frisch was a zoologist whose studies of communication among bees added significantly to the knowledge......
frostbite, a freezing of living tissue; frostbite occurs whenever heat loss from a tissue is sufficient to permit......
fructosuria, disturbance of fructose metabolism resulting from a hereditary disorder or intolerance. Normally,......
frugivore, any animal that subsists totally or primarily on fruit. Although the diets of many animals include fruits,......
fruit, the fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a flowering plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. Thus, apricots, bananas,......
fruit spot, symptom of plant disease, usually caused by fungi and bacteria. A spot is a definite, localized area.......
Fröhlich’s syndrome, rare childhood metabolic disorder characterized by obesity, growth retardation, and retarded......
fugue state, loss of memory (amnesia), often temporary, in which affected individuals typically do not remember......
fusarium wilt, widespread plant disease caused by many forms of the soil-inhabiting fungus Fusarium oxysporum.......
galactorrhea, excessive flow of milk from the breast, or lactation that is not associated with childbirth or nursing.......
galactosemia, a hereditary defect in the metabolism of the sugar galactose, which is a constituent of lactose,......
gall, an abnormal, localized outgrowth or swelling of plant tissue caused by infection from bacteria, fungi, viruses,......
gallbladder, a muscular membranous sac that stores and concentrates bile, a fluid that is received from the liver......
gallbladder cancer, disease characterized by the growth of malignant cells in the gallbladder. Gallbladder cancer......
gallstone, concretion composed of crystalline substances (usually cholesterol, bile pigments, and calcium salts)......
gamete, sex, or reproductive, cell containing only one set of dissimilar chromosomes, or half the genetic material......
gametogenesis, in embryology, the process by which gametes, or germ cells, are produced in an organism. The formation......
gametophyte, in plants and certain algae, the sexual phase (or an individual representing the phase) in the alternation......
ganglion cyst, saclike structure containing thick gelatinous fluid that appears on the top or underside of the......
gangrene, localized death of animal soft tissue, caused by prolonged interruption of the blood supply that may......
gastritis, acute or chronic inflammation of the mucosal layers of the stomach. Acute gastritis may be caused by......
gastroenteritis, acute infectious syndrome of the stomach lining and the intestine. It is characterized by diarrhea,......
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), relatively common digestive disorder characterized by frequent passage......
gastrointestinal tract, pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled. The gastrointestinal......
gastrula, early multicellular embryo, composed of two or more germinal layers of cells from which the various organs......
Gaucher disease, rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by anemia, mental and neurologic impairment, yellowish......
gender dysphoria (GD), formal diagnosis given by mental health professionals to people who experience distress......
gene doping, use of substances or techniques to manipulate cells or genes in order to improve athletic performance.......
human genetic disease, any of the diseases and disorders that are caused by mutations in one or more genes of the......
- Introduction
- Sex Chromosome Abnormalities
- Autosomal Dominant, Inheritance, Genes
- Sex-Linked Inheritance
- Cancer Genetics, Mutations, Oncogenes
- Environmental Agents, Mutations, Diagnosis
- UV Radiation, Causes, Symptoms
- Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment
- Estimating Probability, Bayes' Theorem
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Genetic Testing, Inheritance, Diagnosis
- Ethical Issues
genetic epidemiology, the study of how genes and environmental factors influence human traits and human health......
germ layer, any of three primary cell layers, formed in the earliest stages of embryonic development, consisting......
germ theory, in medicine, the theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms,......
germfree life, biological condition characterized by the complete absence of living microorganisms. Gnotobiology......
germination, the sprouting of a seed, spore, or other reproductive body, usually after a period of dormancy. The......
gestation, in mammals, the time between conception and birth, during which the embryo or fetus is developing in......
gestational age, length of time that a fetus grows inside the mother’s uterus. Gestational age is related to the......
gestational diabetes mellitus, temporary condition in which blood sugar (glucose) levels increase during pregnancy......
gestational trophoblastic disease, any of a group of rare conditions in which tumours develop in the uterus from......
gigantism, excessive growth in stature, well beyond the average for the individual’s heredity and environmental......
gingivitis, inflammation of the gums (gingivae). Symptoms include tender, sometimes swollen, gums that bleed easily.......
glanders, infectious disease of primarily horses, but also mules and donkeys, that is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia......
glaucoma, disease caused by an increase in pressure within the eye as a result of blockage of the flow of aqueous......
glioblastoma, rare form of aggressive brain tumor. Glioblastomas originate from neuroglia, or glial cells, a diverse......
glioma, a cancerous growth or tumour composed of cells derived from neuroglial tissue, the material that supports......
glossitis, inflammation of the tongue characterized by loss of the surface papillae, a condition that gives the......
gluconeogenesis, formation in living cells of glucose and other carbohydrates from other classes of compounds.......
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hereditary metabolic defect characterized by an increased tendency......
glycogen storage disease, any of a group of enzymatic deficiencies resulting in altered glycogen metabolism. They......
glycogenesis, the formation of glycogen, the primary carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle cells of animals,......
glycogenolysis, process by which glycogen, the primary carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscle cells of animals,......
glycolysis, sequence of 10 chemical reactions taking place in most cells that breaks down glucose, releasing energy......
gnotobiosis, (from the Greek meaning “known life”), condition of life in which only known kinds of organisms are......
goitre, enlargement of the thyroid gland, resulting in a prominent swelling in the front of the neck. The normal......
gonad, in zoology, primary reproductive gland that produces reproductive cells (gametes). In males the gonads are......
gonorrhea, sexually transmitted disease characterized principally by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the......
gout, metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute attacks of severe inflammation in one or more of the......
graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), condition that occurs following a bone marrow transplant, in which cells in the......
Temple Grandin is an American scientist and industrial designer whose own experience with autism funded her professional......
granuloma inguinale, contagious sexually transmitted disease occurring predominantly in tropical areas and characterized......
granulomatosis and polyangiitis (GPA), uncommon disorder characterized by inflammation and degeneration of small......
granulomatous thyroiditis, inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland, of unknown but presumably viral origin. It......
Graves disease, endocrine disorder that is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism (excess secretion of thyroid......
gray mold rot, disease of plants growing in humid areas that is caused by fungi in the genus Botrytis, usually......
Donald Redfield Griffin was an American biophysicist and animal behaviorist known for his research in animal navigation,......
growth, the increases in cell size and number that take place during the life history of an organism. Growth is......
growth hormone (GH), peptide hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth......
growth ring, in a cross section of the stem of a woody plant, the increment of wood added during a single growth......